List of apple diseases
Encyclopedia
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Blister spot | Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen which can infect a wide range of plant species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to legitimate researches via international culture collections such as the... pv. papulans |
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease in over 140 species of dicot. It is a rod shaped, Gram negative soil bacterium... |
| Fire blight | Erwinia amylovora |
| Hairy root | Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a Gram negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants.A... |
Fungal diseases
| Fungal diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Alternaria blotch | Alternaria mali Alternaria mali Alternaria mali, also called Alternaria blotch of apple, is a pathogenic fungus affecting plants. It is prevalent in the southern United States and elsewhere, and damages the leaves of infected apple trees.-Pathogenesis:... A. alternata Alternaria alternata Alternaria alternata has been recorded causing leaf spot and other diseases on over 380 host species. It is opportunistic pathogen on numerous hosts causing leaf spots, rots and blights on many plant parts... apple pathotype |
| Alternaria rot | Alternaria alternata Alternaria alternata Alternaria alternata has been recorded causing leaf spot and other diseases on over 380 host species. It is opportunistic pathogen on numerous hosts causing leaf spots, rots and blights on many plant parts... |
| American brown rot | Monilinia fructicola Monilinia fructicola Monilinia fructicola is a species of fungus in the order Helotiales. A plant pathogen, it is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits.-Stone Fruit :... |
| Anthracnose canker and bull's-eye rot | Pezicula malicorticus Cryptosporiopsis curvispora [anamorph] |
| Apple scab Apple scab Apple scab is a disease to Malus trees, such as apple trees, caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis. The disease manifests as dull black or grey-brown lesions on the surface of tree leaves, buds or fruits. Lesions may also appear less frequently on the woody tissues of the tree. Fruits... |
Venturia inaequalis Venturia inaequalis Venturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus that causes the Apple scab disease.-Systematics:Venturia inaequalis anamorphs have been described under the names Fusicladium dendriticum and Spilocaea pomi. Whether V. inaequalis is a single species or contains several cryptic species has been a matter... Spilocaea pomi Venturia inaequalis Venturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus that causes the Apple scab disease.-Systematics:Venturia inaequalis anamorphs have been described under the names Fusicladium dendriticum and Spilocaea pomi. Whether V. inaequalis is a single species or contains several cryptic species has been a matter... [anamorph] |
| Apple ring rot and canker | Botryosphaeria berengeriana Physalospora Physalospora Physalospora is a genus of fungi in the family Hyponectriaceae. The genus is estimated to contain about 36 species that grow on dead leaves... |
| Armillaria root rot = shoestring root rot | Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea is a plant pathogen and a species of Honey fungus. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species. The mushrooms are edible but some people may be intolerant to them. The fungus produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected... |
| Bitter rot | Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease on many different hosts including quince and apple bitter rot and anthracnose on many fruit and vegetable species. Glomerella cingulata is the sexual stage while the asexual stage is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.-... Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph] Colletotrichum acutatum Colletotrichum acutatum Colletotrichum acutatum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Black pox | Helminthosporium papulosum Helminthosporium papulosum Helminthosporium papulosum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes blister canker on pear and apple.- External links :**... |
| Black root rot | Xylaria mali Xylaria mali Xylaria mali is a plant pathogen that causes black rot on apple.- External links :... Xylaria polymorpha Xylaria polymorpha Xylaria polymorpha, commonly known as dead man's fingers, is a saprobic fungi. It is a common inhabitant of forest and woodland areas, usually growing from the bases of rotting or injured tree stumps and decaying wood. It has also been known to colonise substrates like woody legume pods, petioles,... |
| Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker | Botryosphaeria obtusa Botryosphaeria obtusa Botryosphaeria obtusa is a plant pathogen. its causes Frogeye leaf spot, Black rot and cankers on many plant species. On the leaf it is referred to as Frogeye leaf spot, this phase typically affects tree and shrubs, in fruit, such as the apple, cranberry and quince, it is referred to as Black rot,... Sphaeropsis malorum [anamorph] |
| Blister canker = nailhead canker | Biscogniauxia marginata Biscogniauxia marginata Biscogniauxia marginata is a species of fungus in the Xylariaceae family. A plant pathogen, it was given its current name by Z. Pouzar in 1979.- External links :* at Index Fungorum-References:... Nummularia discreta |
| Blue mold | Penicillium Penicillium Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body... spp. Penicillium expansum Penicillium expansum Penicillium expansum is a plant pathogen. It is a blue-colored mold responsible for the postharvest decay of stored apples. This mold also produces the carcinogenic metabolite patulin.- External links :* *... |
| Brooks fruit spot | Mycosphaerella pomi Mycosphaerella pomi Mycosphaerella pomi is a plant pathogen.-External links:* *... Cylindrosporium pomi [anamorph] |
| Brown rot blossom blight and spur infection | Monilinia laxa Monilinia laxa Monilinia laxa is a plant pathogen, which is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits. - External links :* *... |
| Calyx-end rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight... |
| Clitocybe root rot | Armillaria tabescens Armillaria tabescens Armillaria tabescens is a species of fungus in the Physalacriaceae family of mushroom. It is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Clitocybe tabescens |
| Diaporthe canker* | Diaporthe tanakae Diaporthe tanakae Diaporthe tanakae is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Phomopsis tanakae Phomopsis tanakae Phomopsis tanakae is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... [anamorph] |
| Diplodia canker | Botryosphaeria stevensii Botryosphaeria stevensii Botryosphaeria stevensii is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on several tree species including apple as well as black dead arm on grape.- External links :* *... Physalospora malorum Diplodia mutila [anamorph] |
| European brown rot | Monilinia fructigena Monilinia fructigena Monilinia fructigena is a plant pathogen.Monilia fructigena causes a fruit rot of apples, pears, plums, peaches, and cherries.- External links :* *... Monilia fructigena [anamorph] Monilinia laxa Monilinia laxa Monilinia laxa is a plant pathogen, which is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits. - External links :* *... |
| Fisheye rot | Butlerelfia eustacei Butlerelfia eustacei Butlerelfia eustacei is a plant pathogen.- External links :... Corticium centrifugum |
| Flyspeck | Schizothyrium pomi Schizothyrium pomi Schizothyrium pomi is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Zygophiala jamaicensis [anamorph] |
| Fruit blotch, leaf spot and twig canker | Phyllosticta solitaria Phyllosticta solitaria Phyllosticta solitaria is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Glomerella leaf spot | Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease on many different hosts including quince and apple bitter rot and anthracnose on many fruit and vegetable species. Glomerella cingulata is the sexual stage while the asexual stage is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.-... Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph] |
| Gay mold rot = dry eye rot, blossom-end rot | Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of... Botryotinia fuckeliana Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of... [teleomorph] |
| Leptosphaeria canker and fruit rot | Diapleella coniothyrium Leptosphaeria coniothyrium Leptosphaeria coniothyrium Leptosphaeria coniothyrium is a plant pathogen. It can be found across the world. - External links :* *... Coniothyrium fuckelii [anamorph] |
| Leucostoma canker and dieback | Leucostoma cinctum Cytospora cincta [anamorph] Valsa auerswaldii Valsa auerswaldii Valsa auerswaldii is a plant pathogen.- External links :... Leucostoma auerswaldii Leucostoma auerswaldii Leucostoma auerswaldii is a plant pathogen.- External links :... Cytospora personata Cytospora personata Cytospora personata is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... [anamorph] |
| Marssonina blotch | Diplocarpon mali Diplocarpon mali Diplocarpon mali is a plant pathogen that causes Marssonina blotch on apple.- External links :* *... Marssonina coronaria [anamorph] |
| Moldy core and core rot | Alternaria Alternaria Alternaria is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Alternaria species are known as major plant pathogens. They are also common allergens in humans, growing indoors and causing hay fever or hypersensitivity reactions that sometimes lead to asthma... spp. Cladosporium Cladosporium Cladosporium is a genus of fungi including some of the most common indoor and outdoor molds. Species produce olive-green to brown or black colonies, and have dark-pigmented conidia that are formed in simple or branching chains.... spp. Coniothyrium sp. Epicoccum spp. Pleospora herbarum Pleospora herbarum Pleospora herbarum is a species of fungus in the Pleosporaceae family. A plant pathogen, it has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is common in temperate and subtropical regions. The fungus was first described under the name Sphaeria herbarum by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801.... Stemphylium spp. Ulocladium Ulocladium Ulocladium is a genus of fungi. Species of this genus contain both plant pathogens and food spoilage agents. Other species contain enzymes that are biological control agents.... spp. |
| Monilia leaf blight | Monilinia mali Monilinia mali Monilinia mali is a plant pathogen which causes leaf blight on apple.- External links :* *... Monilia sp. [anamorph] |
| Monochaetia twig canker | Seiridium unicorne Monochaetia mali Monochaetia mali Monochaetia mali is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... Lepteutypa cupressi Lepteutypa cupressi Lepteutypa cupressi is a plant pathogen which causes a disease in Cupressus, Thuja, and related conifer types.... [teleomorph] |
| Mucor rot | Mucor Mucor Mucor is a microbial genus of about 3000 species of moulds commonly found in soil, digestive systems, plant surfaces, and rotten vegetable matter.-Description:... spp. Mucor piriformis Mucor piriformis Mucor piriformis is a plant pathogen that causes a soft rot of several fruits known as Mucor rot. Infection of its host fruits, such as apples and pears takes place post-harvest.- External links :... |
| Nectria canker | Nectria galligena Cylindrocarpon heteronemum [anamorph] |
| Nectria twig blight = coral spot | Nectria cinnabarina Nectria cinnabarina Nectria cinnabarina is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on many tree species and also a disease known as coral spot.- External links :* *... Tubercularia vulgaris [anamorph] |
| Peniophora root canker | Peniophora sacrata Peniophora sacrata Peniophora sacrata is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Perennial canker | Neofabraea perennans Neofabraea perennans Neofabraea perennans is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Cryptosporiopsis perennans [anamorph] |
| Phomopsis canker, fruit decay and rough bark | Phomopsis mali Diaporthe perniciosa Diaporthe perniciosa Diaporthe perniciosa is a plant pathogen.- External links :... [teleomorph] |
| Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot | Phymatotrichopsis omnivora Phymatotrichum omnivorum |
| Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot = sprinkler rot | Phytophthora Phytophthora Phytophthora is a genus of plant-damaging Oomycetes , whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ecosystems. The genus was first described by Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1875... spp. Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen that causes root rot on rhododendron and many other species.- External links :* *... Phytophthora cambivora Phytophthora cambivora Phytophthora cambivora is a plant pathogen that causes Ink disease in European Chestnut trees . Ink disease, also caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is thought to have been present in Europe since the 18th century and causes chestnut trees to wilt and die, major epidemics occurred during the 19th... Phytophthora cryptogea Phytophthora cryptogea Phytophthora cryptogea is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora megasperma is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Phytophthora syringae Phytophthora syringae Phytophthora syringae is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Phytophthora fruit rot | Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen that causes root rot on rhododendron and many other species.- External links :* *... Phytophthora syringae Phytophthora syringae Phytophthora syringae is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Pink mold rot | Trichothecium roseum Trichothecium roseum Trichothecium roseum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Cephalothecium roseum |
| Powdery mildew | Podosphaera leucotricha Podosphaera leucotricha Podosphaera leucotricha is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Rosellinia root rot = Dematophora root rot | Rosellinia necatrix Rosellinia necatrix Rosellinia necatrix is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Dematophora necatrix [anamorph] |
| Rusts | |
| American hawthorne rust | Gymnosporangium globosum Gymnosporangium globosum Gymnosporangium globosum is a plant pathogen that causes cedar-hawthorn rust.- External links :... |
| Cedar apple rust | Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae is a plant pathogen that causes cedar-apple rust. In virtually any location where apples or crabapples and Eastern red cedar coexist, cedar apple rust can be a destructive or disfiguring disease on both the apples and cedars... |
| Japanese apple rust | Gymnosporangium yamadae Gymnosporangium yamadae Gymnosporangium yamadae is a plant pathogen.- External links :... |
| Pacific Coast pear rust | Gymnosporangium libocedri Gymnosporangium libocedri Gymnosporangium libocedri is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Quince rust | Gymnosporangium clavipes Gymnosporangium clavipes Gymnosporangium clavipes is a plant pathogen, a fungus that causes cedar-quince rust. Similar to Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and Gymnosporangium globosum, the fungus infects a wide range of Rosaceae, such as apple, hawthorn, and quince trees, and also requires an evergreen host such as... |
| ... | |
| Side rot | Phialophora malorum |
| Silver leaf | Chondrostereum purpureum Chondrostereum purpureum Silver leaf is a fungal disease of trees caused by the fungus plant pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum. It attacks most species of the rose family Rosaceae, particularly the genus Prunus. The disease is progressive and often fatal. The common name is taken from the progressive silvering of leaves on... |
| Sooty blotch complex | Peltaster fructicola Peltaster fructicola Peltaster fructicola is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen.- External links :... Geastrumia polystigmatis Geastrumia polystigmatis Geastrumia polystigmatis is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Leptodontidium elatius Gloeodes pomigena |
| Southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Athelia rolfsii is a corticioid fungus in the family Atheliaceae. It is a facultative plant pathogen and is the causal agent of "southern blight" disease in crops.-Taxonomy:... [teleomorph] |
| Thread blight = Hypochnus leaf blight | Corticium stevensii Hypochnus ochroleucus |
| Valsa canker | Valsa ceratosperma Valsa ceratosperma Valsa ceratosperma is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Cytospora sacculus Cytospora sacculus Cytospora sacculus is a plant pathogen.- External links :... [anamorph] |
| Violet root rot | Helicobasidium mompa |
| White root rot | Scytinostroma galactinum Scytinostroma galactinum Scytinostroma galactinum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Corticium galactinum |
| White rot | Botryosphaeria dothidea Botryosphaeria dothidea Botryosphaeria dothidea is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of cankers on a wide variety of tree species.- External links :**... Fusicoccum aesculi Fusicoccum aesculi Fusicoccum aesculi is a fungus. It is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... [anamorph] |
| X-spot = Nigrospora spot | Nigrospora oryzae |
| Zonate leaf spot | Cristulariella moricola Grovesinia pyramidalis Grovesinia pyramidalis Grovesinia pyramidalis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... [teleomorph] |
Nematodes, parasitic
| Nematodes, parasitic |
|
|---|---|
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema americanum Xiphinema americanum Xiphinema americanum is a plant pathogenic nematode. It is one of many species that belongs to the genus Xiphinema. It was first described by N. A. Cobb in 1913, who found it on both sides of the United States on the roots of grass, corn, and citrus trees. Not only is Xiphinema americanum known to... Xiphinema rivesi Xiphinema rivesi Xiphinema rivesi is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*... Xiphinema vuittenezi Xiphinema vuittenezi Xiphinema vuittenezi is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*... |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus Pratylenchus Pratylenchus is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes responsible for root lesions on many plant hosts in temperate regions around the world. Lesion nematodes are migratory endoparasites that enter the host root for feeding and reproduction and move freely through or out of the root tissue. They do... spp. Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchus penetrans is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*... |
| Pin nematode | Paratylenchus Paratylenchus Paratylenchus is a genus of nematodes . Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens.... spp. |
| Ring nematode | Criconemella spp. |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. |
Viral diseases
| Viral diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Apple chlorotic leafspot | genus Trichovirus Trichovirus Trichovirus is a non-enveloped plant pathogenic virus. It is transmitted by mites of the family Eriophyidae, requiring a helper virus for transmission. It is infectious to a number of angiosperm species.-External links:*... , Apple chlorotic leafspot virus Apple chlorotic leafspot virus Apple chlorotic leafspot virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae.-External links:**... (ACLSV) |
| Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa) | Apple stem pitting virus Apple stem pitting virus Apple stem pitting virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae.-External links:**... (ASPV) (? not US/CAN) |
| Apple flat apple | genus Nepovirus Nepovirus Nepoviruses or nematode transmitted polyhedral viruses, are a genus of plant viruses of the family Secoviridae and subfamily Comovirinae... , Cherry rasp leaf virus Cherry rasp leaf virus Cherry rasp leaf virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the order Picornavirales, family Secoviridae, subfamily Comovirinae, genus Cheravirus.- Symptoms :... (CRLV) |
| Apple mosaic | genus Ilarvirus Ilarvirus Ilarvirus is a genus of viruses.-External links:*... , Apple mosaic virus Apple mosaic virus Apple mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae.-External links:**... (ApMV) genus Ilarvirus Ilarvirus Ilarvirus is a genus of viruses.-External links:*... , Tulare apple mosaic virus Tulare apple mosaic virus Tulare apple mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae.-External links:**... (TAMV) |
| Apple stem grooving = Apple decline of Virginia crab | genus Capillovirus, Apple stem grooving virus Apple stem grooving virus Apple stem grooving virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae.-External links:**... (ASGV) |
| Apple stem pitting = apple Spy 227 epinasty and decline | Apple stem pitting virus Apple stem pitting virus Apple stem pitting virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae.-External links:**... (ASPV) |
| Apple union necrosis and decline | genus Nepovirus Nepovirus Nepoviruses or nematode transmitted polyhedral viruses, are a genus of plant viruses of the family Secoviridae and subfamily Comovirinae... , Tomato ringspot virus Tomato ringspot virus Tomato ringspot virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae. It affects tomatoes.-External links:* Descriptions of Plant Viruses: **... (ToRSV) |
Viroid diseases
| Viroid diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Swollen apple | Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) |
| Apple dimple fruit | Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) |
| Apple fruit crinkle | Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) (Japan) |
| Apple scar skin = apple dapple, apple sabi-ka, apple bumpy fruit | Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) |
Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases
| Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Dead spur | GTP, unidentified |
| False sting | GTP, virus suspected |
| Green crinkle | GTP, virus suspected |
| Rough skin | GTP, virus suspected |
| Star crack | GTP, virus suspected |
Phytoplasmal diseases
| Phytoplasmal diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Apple chat fruit | Phytoplasma suspected |
| Apple decline | Phytoplasma suspected |
| Apple proliferation | Phytoplasma |
| Rubbery wood | Phytoplasma suspected |
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
| Miscellaneous diseases and disorders |
|
|---|---|
| Bitter pit | Localized calcium deficiency |
| Blossom blast | Boron deficiency |
| Burrknot Burrknot Burrknot is a tree disorder, which is caused by formation of adventitious root primordia. Although Previously classified as disease, is now classifed as a disorder, as it is no longer believed to be pathogenic... |
Genetically predisposed rootstock |
| Fruit cracking | Genetic |
| Fruit russet | Frost, sprays, etc. |
| Green mottle | Unidentified |
| Hollow apple | High temperature |
| Internal bark necrosis = measles | Low pH and mineral nutrient imbalance |
| Internal browning | Boron and calcium deficiencies, etc. |
| Jonathan spot | Reduced by controlled atmosphere storage |
| Narrow leaf | Genetic |
| Necrotic leaf blotch of ‘Golden Delicious’ | Rapid synthesis of gibberellins triggered by environmental factors |
| Storage scald | Injury to fruit surfaces by naturally occurring gases produced by the fruit |
| Sunburn | Sun injury to fruit |
| Sunscald | Freezing of bark following high temperatures in winter |
| Water core | Sorbitol accumulation |