List of cacao diseases
Encyclopedia
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease in over 140 species of dicot. It is a rod shaped, Gram negative soil bacterium... (artificial inoculations) |
| Stripe | Erwinia caratovora |
Fungal diseases
| Fungal diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata Glomerella cingulata is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease on many different hosts including quince and apple bitter rot and anthracnose on many fruit and vegetable species. Glomerella cingulata is the sexual stage while the asexual stage is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.-... |
| Armillaria root rot | Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea is a plant pathogen and a species of Honey fungus. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species. The mushrooms are edible but some people may be intolerant to them. The fungus produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected... |
| Black pod | Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes fruit rot of peppers. It was first described by L. Leonian at a New Mexico Agricultural Research Station in Las Cruces in 1922 on a crop of chili peppers. In 1967, a study by Satour and Butler found 45 species of cultivated plants and... Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora is a plant pathogen.-External links:**... Phytophthora heveae Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora megakarya is a plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees.-External links:* *... Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora causes bud-rot of palms, fruit-rot or kole-roga of coconut and arecanut. These are among the most serious diseases caused by fungi and moulds in South India. It occurs almost every year in Malnad, Mysore, North & South Kanara, Malabar and other areas. Similar diseases of... |
| Black root | Rosellinia bunodes Rosellinia bunodes Rosellinia bunodes is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... Rosellinia pepo Rosellinia pepo Rosellinia pepo is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Brown root | Phellinus noxius |
| Canker | Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora is a plant pathogen.-External links:**... Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora causes bud-rot of palms, fruit-rot or kole-roga of coconut and arecanut. These are among the most serious diseases caused by fungi and moulds in South India. It occurs almost every year in Malnad, Mysore, North & South Kanara, Malabar and other areas. Similar diseases of... Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis fimbriata is a fungus and a plant pathogen, attacking such plants as the sweet potato and the tapping panels of the Para rubber tree .- External links :* *... |
| Ceratocystis wilt | Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis fimbriata is a fungus and a plant pathogen, attacking such plants as the sweet potato and the tapping panels of the Para rubber tree .- External links :* *... Ceratocystis moniliformis Ceratocystis moniliformis Ceratocystis moniliformis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Ceratocystis paradoxa Ceratocystis paradoxa Ceratocystis paradoxa is a plant pathogen able to cause disease in many species.- External links :* *... |
| Collar crack | Armillariella mellea Armillariella tabescens |
| Collar rot | Ustulina deusta |
| Cushion gall (green-point gall) | Nectria rigidiuscula Fusarium decemcellulare |
| Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome |
| Frosty pod | Moniliophthora roreri Moniliophthora roreri Moniliophthora roreri is a plant pathogen of Herrania and Theobroma spp., including the cacao tree: on which it is called Frosty pod rot. T. gileri thought to be the indigenous forest host in the upper Amazon basin. Sometimes it is known by the misnomer Monilia... ' |
| Horse hair blight | Crinipellis sarmentosa Crinipellis sarmentosa Crinipellis sarmentosa is a species of fungus in the Marasmiaceae family. It is a plant pathogen.... |
| Lasiodiplodia pod rot | Lasiodiplodia theobromae Lasiodiplodia theobromae Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. On rare occasions it has been found to cause Fungal keratitis. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot.- External links :* *... Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Leaf anthracnose | Colletotrichum Colletotrichum Colletotrichum is a genus of fungi that are obligate symbionts to plants in the form of endophytes. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, although some species may express a mutualistic life-style in non-disease hosts.... spp. |
| Macrophoma pod rot | Macrophoma Macrophoma Macrophoma is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae.-Species:*Macrophoma abietis*Macrophoma abietis-pectinatae*Macrophoma abscondita*Macrophoma acaciaecola*Macrophoma acanthina*Macrophoma aceris... spp. |
| Moniliophthora pod rot | Moniliophthora roreri Moniliophthora roreri Moniliophthora roreri is a plant pathogen of Herrania and Theobroma spp., including the cacao tree: on which it is called Frosty pod rot. T. gileri thought to be the indigenous forest host in the upper Amazon basin. Sometimes it is known by the misnomer Monilia... |
| Phytophthora pod rot | Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora capsici Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes fruit rot of peppers. It was first described by L. Leonian at a New Mexico Agricultural Research Station in Las Cruces in 1922 on a crop of chili peppers. In 1967, a study by Satour and Butler found 45 species of cultivated plants and... Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora Phytophthora citrophthora is a plant pathogen.-External links:**... Phytophthora hevae Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora megakarya Phytophthora megakarya is a plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees.-External links:* *... Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora Phytophthora palmivora causes bud-rot of palms, fruit-rot or kole-roga of coconut and arecanut. These are among the most serious diseases caused by fungi and moulds in South India. It occurs almost every year in Malnad, Mysore, North & South Kanara, Malabar and other areas. Similar diseases of... |
| Pink disease | Erythricium salmonicolor |
| Sudden death | Verticillium dahliae Verticillium dahliae Verticillium dahliae is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes verticillium wilt in many plant species, causing leaves to curl and discolor. It may cause death in some plants.- External links :* *... Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Thread blight | Ceratobasidium koleroga |
| Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) | Trachysphaera fructigena Trachysphaera fructigena Trachysphaera fructigena is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Vascular streak dieback | Oncobasidium theobromae Oncobasidium theobromae Oncobasidium theobromae is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Violet root rot | Nectria mauritiicola Nectria mauritiicola Nectria mauritiicola is a fungal plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Sphaerostilbe repens |
| Wet root rot | Ganoderma philippii Ganoderma philippii Ganoderma philippii is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| White root rot | Rigidoporus microporus Rigidoporus microporus Rigidoporus microporus is a plant pathogen, known to cause white root rot disease on various tropical crops, with economical importance on the para rubber tree.- External links :* *... Rigidoporus lignosus |
| White thread | Marasmiellus scandens Marasmiellus scandens Marasmiellus scandens is a plant pathogen that causes white thread on cacao.- External links :* *... |
| Witches’ broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa Moniliophthora perniciosa Moniliophthora perniciosa is a fungus that causes "Witches' Broom Disease" of the cocoa tree... |
Miscellaneous diseases
| Miscellaneous diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens |
| Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved |
Nematodes, parastic
| Nematodes, parastic |
|
|---|---|
| Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. |
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera Heterodera Heterodera is a genus of nematodes in the family Heteroderidae. Members of the genus are obligate parasites and different species attack different crops, often causing great economic damage... spp. |
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema Xiphinema Xiphinema is a genus of plant-parasitic roundworms.- List of species :* Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991.* Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986.* Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988.... spp. |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus Pratylenchus Pratylenchus is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes responsible for root lesions on many plant hosts in temperate regions around the world. Lesion nematodes are migratory endoparasites that enter the host root for feeding and reproduction and move freely through or out of the root tissue. They do... spp. |
| Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. Rotylenchulus reniformis -History and significance:Rotylenchulus reniformis is a plant parasite nematode with a worldwide distribution in the tropical and subtropical regions. This nematode has a wide host range infecting plants in many species around the word. It belongs to the Family Hoplolaimidae; it was first... |
| Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus Hoplolaimus Hoplolaimus is a genus of nematodes. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens.... spp. |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. |
| Spiral nematode | Helicotylencus spp. |
| Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. |
Parasitic plants
| Parasitic plants |
|
|---|---|
| Mistletoe | Denrophthora spp. Loranthus spp. Oryctanthus spp. Phoradendron spp. Phthirusa spp. Tapinanthus spp. |
Viral and viroid diseases
| Viral and viroid diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Cacao swollen shoot | Cacao swollen-shoot virus Cacao swollen-shoot virus Cacao swollen-shoot virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Caulimoviridae that primarily infects cacao trees. It decreases cacao yield within the first year of infection, and usually kills the tree within a few years. Symptoms vary by strain, but leaf discoloration, stem/root swelling,... (CSSV) |
| Cacao yellow mosaic | Cacao yellow mosaic virus Cacao yellow mosaic virus Cacao yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tymoviridae.-External links:**... (CYMV) |
| Cacao necrosis | Cacao necrosis virus (CNV) |