Apprenticeship period (1932–36)

• Greek Ode, for voice and piano
  Piano
  The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...
  
   (1932)
• First Chapter of Ecclesiastes (The Preacher), for voice and piano (1932, possibly incomplete)
• Three Easy Pieces (1. Round
  Round (music)
  A round is a musical composition in which two or more voices sing exactly the same melody , but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together...
  
   in A minor, 2. Duo in G major, 3. Infinite canon
  Canon (music)
  In music, a canon is a contrapuntal composition that employs a melody with one or more imitations of the melody played after a given duration . The initial melody is called the leader , while the imitative melody, which is played in a different voice, is called the follower...
  
   in F minor), for piano (1933)
• Three Songs for voice and piano, (1932–33)
• Sonata for Clarinet
  Sonata for Clarinet (Cage)
  Sonata for Clarinet is an early work by John Cage, composed in 1933. It is also known under its early title, Sonata for One Voice.-History:The piece was created in 1933 while Cage was studying music with Richard Buhlig...
  
  (1933)
• Sonata for Two Voices, for two instruments with specified range
  Range (music)
  In music, the range of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play. For a singing voice, the equivalent is vocal range...
  
  s (1933)
• Composition for 3 Voices for three unspecified instruments (1934)
• Solo with obbligato accompaniment of two voices in canon, and six short inventions on the subjects of the solo, for three or more instruments (1934, six inventions revised 1958)
• Three pieces, for two flute
  Flute
  The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
  
  s (1935)
• Quartet, for any four percussion instruments (1935)
• Two pieces, for piano (1935?, revised 1974)
• Trio, for three percussionists (1936)

Modern dance, prepared piano, and the transition to chance (1937–51)

See also: Works for prepared piano by John Cage

Works for prepared piano by John Cage

American avant-garde composer John Cage started composing for prepared piano in 1940. The majority of early works for this instrument were created to accompany dances by Cage's various collaborators, most frequently Merce Cunningham. In response to frequent criticisms of prepared piano, Cage cited...

• Metamorphosis, for piano (1938)
• Five Songs, for contralto
  Contralto
  Contralto is the deepest female classical singing voice, with the lowest tessitura, falling between tenor and mezzo-soprano. It typically ranges between the F below middle C to the second G above middle C , although at the extremes some voices can reach the E below middle C or the second B above...
  
   soloist and piano (1938)
• Music for Wind Instruments, for wind quintet
  Wind quintet
  A wind quintet, also sometimes known as a woodwind quintet, is a group of five wind players . The term also applies to a composition for such a group....
  
   (1938)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 1
  Imaginary Landscape No. 1
  Imaginary Landscape No. 1 is a composition by the American composer John Cage. Written in 1939 at the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle, Washington, the work is the first in Cage’s series of five Imaginary Landscape pieces....
  
  , for two variable-speed phono turntable
  Phonograph
  The phonograph record player, or gramophone is a device introduced in 1877 that has had continued common use for reproducing sound recordings, although when first developed, the phonograph was used to both record and reproduce sounds...
  
  s, frequency recordings, muted piano and cymbal
  Cymbal
  Cymbals are a common percussion instrument. Cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys; see cymbal making for a discussion of their manufacture. The greater majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a...
  
   (1939)
• First Construction (in Metal)
  Construction (Cage)
  Construction is the title of several pieces by American composer John Cage, all scored for unorthodox percussion instruments. The pieces were composed in 1939–42 while Cage was working at the Cornish School of the Arts in Seattle, Washington and touring the West Coast with a percussion...
  
  , for six percussionists with an assistant (1939)
• Second Construction
  Construction (Cage)
  Construction is the title of several pieces by American composer John Cage, all scored for unorthodox percussion instruments. The pieces were composed in 1939–42 while Cage was working at the Cornish School of the Arts in Seattle, Washington and touring the West Coast with a percussion...
  
  , for four percussionists (1939–40)
• Bacchanale, for prepared piano
  Prepared piano
  A prepared piano is a piano that has had its sound altered by placing objects between or on the strings or on the hammers or dampers....
  
   (1940)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 2 (first version), for tape
  Compact Cassette
  The Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a magnetic tape sound recording format. It was designed originally for dictation, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant the Stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel...
  
  , string piano
  String piano
  String piano is a term coined by American composer-theorist Henry Cowell to collectively describe those pianistic extended techniques in which sound is produced by direct manipulation of the strings, instead of or in addition to striking the piano's keys...
  
   and percussion (1940, withdrawn by Cage)
• Fads and Fancies in the Academy, for five performers with various objects (1940)
• Living Room Music
  Living Room Music
  Living Room Music is a musical composition by John Cage, composed in 1940. It is a quartet for unspecified instruments, all of which may be found in a living room of a typical house, hence the title ....
  
  , for percussion and speech quartet (1940)
• A Chant With Claps, for voice (1940?, possibly c. 1947 or 1949–50)
• Dance Music: for Elfrid Ide, for percussion ensemble and piano (1940)
• Opening Dance for Sue, for piano (1940–41)
• Third Construction
  Construction (Cage)
  Construction is the title of several pieces by American composer John Cage, all scored for unorthodox percussion instruments. The pieces were composed in 1939–42 while Cage was working at the Cornish School of the Arts in Seattle, Washington and touring the West Coast with a percussion...
  
  , for four percussionists (1941)
• Dance to the West, for piano (1942)
• Forever and Sunsmell, for low voice and piano (1942)
• Totem Ancestor, for prepared piano
  Prepared piano
  A prepared piano is a piano that has had its sound altered by placing objects between or on the strings or on the hammers or dampers....
  
   (1942)
• Jazz Study, for piano (1942, spurious work possibly not by Cage)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 3, for six percussionists (1942)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 2 (March) (1942, first title Imaginary Landscape No. 4)
• The City Wears a Slouch Hat, for narrator and six percussionists (1942)
• Credo in Us
  Credo in Us
  Credo in Us is a musical composition by the American experimental music composer, writer and visual artist John Cage. It was written in July 1942 and revised in October of that year...
  
  , for four performers with various objects (1942)
• And The Earth Shall Bear Again, for prepared piano (1942)
• The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs
  The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs
  The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs is a song for voice and closed piano by John Cage. It was composed in late 1942 and quickly became a minor classic in Cage's oeuvre...
  
  , for voice and closed piano (1942)
• Primitive, for prepared piano (1942)
• In the Name of the Holocaust, for prepared piano (1942)
• Ad lib, for piano (1943)
• Our Spring Will Come, for prepared piano (1943)
• A Room, for piano or prepared piano (1943, originally third part of She is Asleep)
• She Is Asleep: 1. Quartet for percussion, 2. Duet for voice and prepared piano (1943)
• Amores, for percussion and prepared piano (1943)
• Four Dances (What So Proudly We Hail), for voice and prepared piano (1943)
• Tossed As It Is Untroubled, for prepared piano (1943, first title Meditation)
• Triple-Paced No. 1, for piano (1943)
• Four Walls, for piano and voice (in one of the movements) (1944)
• Prelude for Meditation, for prepared piano (1944)
• Root of an Unfocus, for prepared piano (1944)
• Spontaneous Earth, for prepared piano (1944)
• The Unavailable Memory of, for prepared piano (1944)
• Triple-Paced No. 2, for prepared piano (1944)
• The Perilous Night, suite for prepared piano (1944)
• A Valentine Out of Season, for prepared piano (1944)
• A Book of Music, for two prepared pianos (1944)
• Crete, for piano (1944–45)
• Dad, for piano (1944–45)
• Mysterious Adventure, for prepared piano (1945)
• Soliloquy, for piano (1945, originally part of Four Walls)
• Experiences No. 1, for two pianos 4 hands (1945)
• Three Dances for two prepared pianos (1945)
• Daughters of the Lonesome Isle, for prepared piano (1945)
• Ophelia, for piano (1945)
• Prelude for six instruments in A minor for flute, bassoon
  Bassoon
  The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band and chamber music literature...
  
  , trumpet
  Trumpet
  The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air...
  
  , violin
  Violin
  The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
  
  , cello
  Cello
  The cello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is a member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola, and double bass. Old forms of the instrument in the Baroque era are baryton and viol .A person who plays a cello is...
  
   and piano (1946, an arrangement of the second piece from Two Pieces for piano of 1946)
• Two Pieces, for piano (1946)
• Music for Marcel Duchamp, for prepared piano (1947)
• Nocturne, for violin and piano (1947)
• Ballet
  Ballet
  Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. The early portions preceded the invention of the proscenium stage and were presented in large chambers with...
  
   The Seasons
  The Seasons (Cage)
  The Seasons is a ballet with music by John Cage and choreography by Merce Cunningham, first performed in 1947. It was Cage's first piece for orchestra and also the first to use what Cage later called the gamut technique, albeit in an early form....
  
  , versions for piano and for orchestra
  Orchestra
  An orchestra is a sizable instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus...
  
   (1947)
• Dream, for piano or viola
  Viola
  The viola is a bowed string instrument. It is the middle voice of the violin family, between the violin and the cello.- Form :The viola is similar in material and construction to the violin. A full-size viola's body is between and longer than the body of a full-size violin , with an average...
  
   and ensemble of 4 violas (1948)
• Experiences No. 2 for voice (1948)
• In a Landscape for piano or harp
  Harp
  The harp is a multi-stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. Organologically, it is in the general category of chordophones and has its own sub category . All harps have a neck, resonator and strings...
  
   (1948)
• Sonatas and Interludes
  Sonatas and Interludes
  Sonatas and Interludes is a collection of twenty pieces for prepared piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage . It was composed in 1946–1948, shortly after Cage's introduction to Indian philosophy and the teachings of art historian Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, both of which became major...
  
  , for prepared piano (1946–48)
• Suite for Toy Piano, for toy piano
  Toy piano
  The toy piano, also known as the kinderklavier , is a small piano-like musical instrument. The present form of the toy piano was invented in Philadelphia by a 17-year-old German immigrant named Albert Schoenhut. He worked as a repairman at Wanamaker's department store, repairing broken glass...
  
   or piano (1948)
• A Flower
  A Flower
  A Flower is a song for voice and closed piano by John Cage. It was composed in 1950 for a choreography by Louise Lippold, wife of sculptor Richard Lippold. There is no text; the singer vocalises a small number of phonemes such as "uh", "wah", etc., without vibrato. Instructions given in the score...
  
  , for voice and closed piano (1950)
• Works of Calder, film score for prepared piano and tape (1950)
• String Quartet in Four Parts
  String Quartet in Four Parts
  String Quartet in Four Parts is a string quartet by John Cage, composed in 1950. It is one of the last works Cage wrote that is not entirely aleatoric. Like Sonatas and Interludes for prepared piano and the ballet The Seasons , this work explores ideas from Indian philosophy.-General...
  
  , for string quartet
  String quartet
  A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players – usually two violin players, a violist and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group...
  
   (1949–50)
• Six Melodies
  Six Melodies (Cage)
  Six Melodies is a collection of six pieces for violin and keyboard instrument by John Cage. It was composed in 1950, shortly after Cage completed his String Quartet in Four Parts. The work uses the same techniques: the gamut technique and the nested rhythmic proportions...
  
  , for violin and keyboard instrument
  Keyboard instrument
  A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
  
   (1950)
• Concerto for prepared piano, for prepared piano and chamber orchestra (1950–51)
• Haiku [5], for piano (1950–51)

First chance works (1951–59)

• Sixteen Dances for flute, trumpet, 4 percussionists, piano, violin and cello (October 1950 – January 1951)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 4 (March No. 2), for 12 radio
  Radio
  Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
  
  s, 24 performers and a conductor (April 1951)
• Music of Changes
  Music of Changes
  Music of Changes is a piece for solo piano by John Cage. Composed in 1951 for pianist and friend David Tudor, it is Cage's earliest fully indeterminate instrumental work. The process of composition involved applying decisions made using the I Ching, a Chinese classic text that is commonly used as a...
  
  , for piano (May – December 1951)
• Seven Haiku, for piano (July 1951 – 1952)
• Waiting, for piano (January 7, 1952)
• Imaginary Landscape No. 5 for any 42 recordings (January 12, 1952)
• Two Pastorales, for piano or prepared piano (January 31, 1952)
• Water Music for pianist using various objects (Spring 1952)
• For M.C. and D.T., for piano (1952, before August)
• Music for Carillon No. 1, for carillon
  Carillon
  A carillon is a musical instrument that is typically housed in a free-standing bell tower, or the belfry of a church or other municipal building. The instrument consists of at least 23 cast bronze, cup-shaped bells, which are played serially to play a melody, or sounded together to play a chord...
  
   (July 10, 1952; 2- and 3-octave transcriptions made in 1958 and 1961, respectively)
• 4′33″ for any instrument or combination of instruments (August 1952, second version c. 1960)
• Music for Piano 1
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano (December 1952)
• Williams Mix, for tape (1952–53, finished on January 16, 1953)
• Music for Piano 2
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano (May 1953)
• Music for Piano 4–19
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for any number of pianos (May 1953)
• Music for Piano 3
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano (June 1953)
• 59½" For a String Player, for any 4-string instrument (July 2, 1953)
• Music for Piano 20
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano (August 20, 1953)
• Music for Carillon No. 2, for carillon (January 1954; 2-octave version made in January 1961)
• Music for Carillon No. 3, for carillon (January 1954; 2-octave version made in January 1961)
• 34'46.776" For a Pianist, for prepared piano (1954, before October 17)
• 31'57.9864" For a Pianist, for prepared piano (1954, before October 17)
• 26'1.1499" For a String Player, for string instrument
  String instrument
  A string instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, they are called chordophones...
  
   (1953–55, finished in August – September 1955)
• Music for Piano 21–36, 37–52
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano solo or in an ensemble (1955, finished on October 11)
• Speech 1955, for news reader and 5 radios (November 1955)
• 27'10.554" For a Percussionist, for percussion (January 14, 1956)
• Music for Piano 53–68
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano solo or in an ensemble (May 1956)
• Music for Piano 69–84
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano solo or in an ensemble (May 1956)
• Radio Music, for 1 to 8 performers using radios (May 1956)
• Winter Music, for piano (January 1957)
• For Paul Taylor and Anita Dencks, for piano (September 1957)
• Haiku, for any instruments or objects (January 1958)
• Variations I
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , for any number of performers and any kind and number of instruments (January 20, 1958)
• Concert for piano and orchestra (1957–58, finished before May 15)
• Solo for Voice 1, for voice (1958, before May 25)
• Music Walk, for piano and various objects (September 24, 1958)
• TV Köln, for piano, optionally with other objects (October 1958)
• Fontana Mix, for tape (November 1958)
• Aria, for voice (November or December 1958)

Happenings, theater (1959–68)

See also: Happenings

• Sounds of Venice, for television
  Television
  Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
  
   set (one performer) (1959)
• Water Walk, a work for a TV
  Television
  Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
  
   show for one performer with a variety of objects (1959)
• Cartridge Music, for amplified sounds (1960)
• Music for Amplified Toy Pianos, for any number of toy pianos (1960)
• Music for "The Marrying Maiden" (music for a play), for tape (1960)
• Solo for Voice 2, for solo voice or chorus (1960)
• Theatre Piece, for 1 to 8 performers (1960)
• WBAI (1960) – auxiliary score for performance with other works
• Where Are We Going? And What Are We Doing?, composed lecture, tapes (1960–61)
• Atlas Eclipticalis for an ensemble of 86 instruments (1961–62)
• Music for Carillon No. 4, for electronic instrument with accompaniment (1961)
• Variations II
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , for any number of performers and any kind and number of instruments (1961)
• Music for Piano 85
  Music for Piano (Cage)
  Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage. All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations....
  
  , for piano and electronics (1962)
• Variations III
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , for any number of people performing any actions (1962)
• 0'00" (4'33" No. 2), solo for any performer (1962)
• Variations IV
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  for any number of performers, any sounds or combinations of sounds produced by any means, with or without other activities (1963)
• Electronic Music for Piano, for solo piano (or any number of pianos) with electronics (1964)
• Rozart Mix, tape loops (1965)
• Variations VI
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , for a plurality of sound systems (1966)
• Music for Carillon No. 5, for a four-octave instrument (1967)
• Variations VIII
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , no music or recordings (May 1967; revised 1978)
• Assemblage, for electronics (1968)

Return to composition (1969–86)

• HPSCHD
  HPSCHD
  HPSCHD is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage and Lejaren Hiller...
  
  , for 1 to 7 amplified harpsichord
  Harpsichord
  A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
  
  s and 1 to 51 tapes (1967–69, accompanied with Program (KNOBS) for the listener, an instruction for playing back the recording of the piece)
• Cheap Imitation
  Cheap Imitation
  Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the I Ching and based, rhythmically, on Socrate by Erik Satie.-History of composition:...
  
  , for piano (1969; orchestrated 1972, violin version 1977)
• Sound Anonymously Received, for an unsolicited instrument (1969, possibly 1978)
• Untitled (Work for Antoinette Vischer), for harpsichord (before 1969)
• Dialog, for two performers with various objects (1970, possibly 1977; also known as Dialogue)
• Song Books
  Song Books (Cage)
  Song Books is a collection of short works by John Cage, composed and compiled by the composer in 1970. It contains pieces of four kinds: songs, songs with electronics, directions for a theatrical performance, and directions for a theatrical performance with electronics...
  
  (Solos for Voice 3–92), for one or more voices (August – October 1970, Solo for Voice 85 arranged for violin as Chorals in 1978)
• Mureau, for one or more speakers and tape ad lib (November 1970)
• WGBH-TV, for composer and technicians (1971)
• Bird Cage, for 12 tapes (April 1972)
• Etcetera, for small orchestra, tape and, optionally, 3 conductors (August 1973)
• Exercise, for an orchestra of soloists (November 1973, based on Etcetera; second version completed in December 1984)
• Etudes Australes
  Etudes Australes
  Etudes Australes is a set of etudes for piano solo by John Cage, composed in 1974–75 for Grete Sultan. It comprises 32 indeterminate pieces written using star charts as source material. The etudes, conceived as duets for two independent hands, are extremely difficult to play...
  
  , for piano (1974–75, finished in December)
• Score (40 Drawings by Thoreau) and 23 Parts, for 23 performers; any instruments and/or voices (August 1974)
• Child of Tree (Improvisation I), for percussion made of plants and/or plants used as percussion (1975, before March 8)
• Lecture on the Weather, lecture for 12 voices and tapes (September 1975)
• Renga, 78 parts for any instruments and/or voices (1975–76, finished in April)
• Quartets I–VIII, for orchestra (1976, after August. Three versions for 24, 41, and 93 performers. Arranged for 12 amplified voices and concert band in 1978)
• Branches, for percussion made of plants or plants used as percussion (1976)
• Telephones and Birds, for three performers (1977, before January 18)
• 49 Waltzes for the Five Boroughs, for performer(s), or listener(s), or record maker(s) (1977, before October 6)
• Freeman Etudes
  Freeman Etudes
  Freeman Etudes are a set of etudes for solo violin composed by John Cage. Like the earlier Etudes Australes for piano, these works are incredibly complex, nearly impossible to perform, and represented for Cage the "practicality of the impossible" as an answer to the notion that resolving the...
  
  , for violin (1977–80, 1989–90)
• Inlets (Improvisation II), for four performers with conch shells
  Conch
  A conch is a common name which is applied to a number of different species of medium-sized to large sea snails or their shells, generally those which are large and have a high spire and a siphonal canal....
  
   and the sound of fire (September 1977)
• Cassette for five performers with any number of tapes (1977, before December 7. Used in Address, see Happenings)
• Alla ricerca del silenzio perduto (Il Treno), for "prepared train" (December 1977)
• A Dip in the Lake: Ten Quicksteps, Sixty-two Waltzes, and Fifty-six Marches for Chicago and Vicinity, for performer(s) or listener(s) or record maker(s) (1978, before May)
• Some of the "Harmony of Maine", for organist
  Pipe organ
  The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air through pipes selected via a keyboard. Because each organ pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ranks, each of which has a common timbre and volume throughout the keyboard compass...
  
   and three assistants (November 12, 1978)
• Etudes Boreales
  Etudes Boreales
  Etudes Boreales is a set of etudes for cello and/or piano composed by John Cage in 1978. The set is a small counterpart to Cage's other etude collections - Etudes Australes for piano and Freeman Etudes for violin....
  
  , for cello and/or piano (1978)
• Hymns and Variations, for twelve amplified voices (January 1979)
• Roaratorio, an Irish circus on Finnegans Wake
  Roaratorio
  Roaratorio, an Irish circus on Finnegans Wake is a musical composition by American avant-garde composer John Cage. It was composed in 1979 for Klaus Schöning of West German Radio, and premiered as one of the entries in Schöning's radio series....
  
  , tape (April – September 1979; a realization of ____,____ ____ circus on ____, a set of instructions on transcribing any book for any ensemble)
• Improvisation III, for four or more cassette players (February 1980)
• Furniture Music Etcetera, for two pianos (April 27, 1980; partly based on Etcetera)
• Litany for the Whale, for two voices (July 1980)
• Thirty Pieces for Five Orchestras, for five orchestras (1981, before November 22)
• Instances of Silence, for any number of cassette players and tapes (1982, before March 16)
• Postcard from Heaven, for 1 to 20 harps (June 1982)
• Improvisation IV (Fielding Sixes), for three cassette players (1982, before June 30)
• Dance/4 Orchestras, for four orchestras (1982, before August 22)
• Fifteen Domestic Minutes, for record players at different radio stations (August 1982)
• An Alphabet, radio play (1982)
• ear for EAR (Antiphonies), for voices (possibly January 20, 1983)
• Ryoanji, for double bass
  Double bass
  The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, standup bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2...
  
  , trombone, oboe
  Oboe
  The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English, prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois" , "hoboy", or "French hoboy". The spelling "oboe" was adopted into English ca...
  
  , voice, percussion, small orchestra (1983; parts added in 1983–85, and an unfinished cello part survives from 1992)
• R/13 (where R=Ryoanji), for percussionist with thirteen found object
  Found object
  A found object, in an artistic sense, indicates the use of an object which has not been designed for an artistic purpose, but which exists for another purpose already. Found objects may exist either as utilitarian, manufactured items, or things which occur in nature...
  
  s (July 26–28, 1983)
• Souvenir, for organ
  Pipe organ
  The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air through pipes selected via a keyboard. Because each organ pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ranks, each of which has a common timbre and volume throughout the keyboard compass...
  
   (September 1983)
• Thirty Pieces for String Quartet, for string quartet (September 1983)
• HMCIEX, tape for radio (1983–84)
• Perpetual Tango, for piano (February 1984)
• Haikai, for flute and zoomoozophone
  Newband
  Newband is a contemporary music ensemble devoted to the performance of microtonal music. The group was founded in 1977 by musicians Stefani Starin and Dean Drummond...
  
   (July 1984)
• Nowth upon Nacht
  Nowth upon Nacht
  Nowth upon Nacht is a song for voice and piano by John Cage. It was composed in 1984 in memoriam for Cathy Berberian, the celebrated soprano singer, wife of composer Luciano Berio....
  
  , for voice and piano (July 1984)
• A Collection of Rocks, for choir and orchestra (October 1984)
• Eight Whiskus, for low voice (November 21, 1984; reworked for violin in March 1985)
• Mirakus², for voice (November or December 1984)
• Selkus², (November or December 1984)
• ASLSP
  As Slow As Possible
  Organ²/ASLSP is a musical piece composed by John Cage and is the subject of one of the longest-lasting musical performances yet undertaken. It was originally written in 1987 for organ and is adapted from the earlier work ASLSP 1985; a typical performance of the piano piece lasts for about 20 to 70...
  
  , for piano or organ (January 1985)
• Sonnekus², for voice (February 1985)
• The first meeting of the Satie society the socie satiety, for two speakers, one female singer, musicians and/or tapes (January – March 1985)
• But what about the noise of crumpling paper which he used to do in order to paint the series of "Papiers froisses" or tearing up paper to make "Papiers dechires?" Arp was stimulated by water (sea, lake, and flowing waters like rivers), forests, for percussion ensemble (August 1985)
• Etcetera 2/4 Orchestras, for four orchestras and tape (December 1985)
• Voiceless Essay, for four computer-generated tapes (1985–86)
• Wishing Well, for four speakers (early 1986)
• Hymnkus, for voice and chamber ensemble (1986, probably before May 14)
• Improvisation A+B, for voice, clarinet
  Clarinet
  The clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix -et to the Italian word clarino , as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed...
  
  , trombone, percussion and orchestra (1986, before May 14)
• Rocks, for various electronic devices (May 5, 1986)
• Haikai, for gamelan
  Gamelan
  A gamelan is a musical ensemble from Indonesia, typically from the islands of Bali or Java, featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalists may also be included....
  
   ensemble (October 1986)

Number Pieces and other late works (1987–92)

See also: Number Pieces

Number Pieces

The term Number Pieces refers to a body of late compositions by John Cage. Each piece is named after the number of performers involved: for instance, Seven is a piece for seven performers, One9 is the ninth work for one performer, and 101 is a piece for an orchestra of 101 musicians...

• Music for ________, seventeen parts with no score, for a variable chamber ensemble (1984–87)
• Essay (Writing through the Essay "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience"), for computer-generated tapes (1987–88)
• Two, for flute and piano (April 1987)
• Organ²/ASLSP
  As Slow As Possible
  Organ²/ASLSP is a musical piece composed by John Cage and is the subject of one of the longest-lasting musical performances yet undertaken. It was originally written in 1987 for organ and is adapted from the earlier work ASLSP 1985; a typical performance of the piano piece lasts for about 20 to 70...
  
  , for organ (June 1987)
• One, for piano (December 1987)
• Europeras 1 & 2, for 19 voices and 21 musicians (1987, Europeras include a piece for tape called Truckera, also 1987)
• Five, for any five instruments or voices (January 1988)
• Solos for Voice 93–96 (Four Solos for Voice), for voice(s) (April 1988)
• Seven, for flute, clarinet, percussion, piano, violin, viola and cello (May 1988)
• Twenty-Three, for 13 violins, 5 violas and 5 cellos (1988, before June 21)
• Five Stone Wind, for three performers with clay drum
  Clay drum
  A clay drum is a variety of percussion instrument found in various parts of the world. It may refer to:-Membranophones:*Goblet drum, from the Middle East*Khol, from India*Kus, from Iran*Madal, from Nepal*Mrdanga, from India...
  
  s, electronics and unspecified instruments (June – July 1988)
• 101, for orchestra (1988, before November 13)
• Four, for string quartet (1989, before May 9)
• One², for 1 to 4 pianos (summer 1989)
• Three, for three recorder
  Recorder
  The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes or internal duct flutes—whistle-like instruments which include the tin whistle. The recorder is end-blown and the mouth of the instrument is constricted by a wooden plug, known as a block or fipple...
  
  s (July 1989)
• Two², for two pianos (1989, after July 28)
• One³, for solo performer (late 1989)
• Sculptures Musicales, for electronics (1989, before September 23)
• Sports: Swinging, after Satie
  Erik Satie
  Éric Alfred Leslie Satie was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde...
  
  , for piano (1989)
• The Beatles 1962–1970, piano and, optionally, tape (1990, possibly 1989)
• c Composed Improvisations, for bass guitar
  Bass guitar
  The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb , or by using a pick....
  
  , snare drum
  Snare drum
  The snare drum or side drum is a melodic percussion instrument with strands of snares made of curled metal wire, metal cable, plastic cable, or gut cords stretched across the drumhead, typically the bottom. Pipe and tabor and some military snare drums often have a second set of snares on the bottom...
  
   and one-sided drums with or without jangles (1987–90)
• One⁴, for solo drummer (1990)
• Fourteen, for piano, flute/piccolo
  Piccolo
  The piccolo is a half-size flute, and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments. The piccolo has the same fingerings as its larger sibling, the standard transverse flute, but the sound it produces is an octave higher than written...
  
  , bass flute
  Bass flute
  The bass flute is the bass member of the flute family. It is in the key of C, pitched one octave below the concert flute. Because of the length of its tube , it is usually made with a "J" shaped head joint, which brings the embouchure hole within reach of the player...
  
  , clarinet, bass clarinet
  Bass clarinet
  The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family. Like the more common soprano B clarinet, it is usually pitched in B , but it plays notes an octave below the soprano B clarinet...
  
  , horn
  Horn (instrument)
  The horn is a brass instrument consisting of about of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. A musician who plays the horn is called a horn player ....
  
  , trumpet, 2 percussionists, 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass (1990, before May 12)
• One⁵, for piano (May 1990)
• Europeras 3 & 4, for 6 voices, 2 pianos, 12 victrolas and tape (1990, Europeras include a piece for tape called Truckera, composed 1987)
• One⁶, for violin (June 1990)
• Seven², for bass flute, bass clarinet, bass trombone, two percussionists with unspecified instruments, cello and contrabass (1990, before July 23)
• One⁷, for any sound-producing object (late 1990)
• Scottish Circus, for Scottish
  Scotland
  Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
  
   folk band of any number of musicians and any instruments/voices (September 1990)
• Four², for SATB
  SATB
  In music, SATB is an initialism for soprano, alto, tenor, bass, defining the voices required by a chorus or choir to perform a particular musical work...
  
   choir (October 1990)
• One⁸, for cello (April, 1991)
• 108, for orchestra (April 1991)
• Europera 5, for 2 voices, piano, victrola, tape/TV/radio (1991, before April 12)
• Eight, for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, tenor trombone and tuba
  Tuba
  The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. Sound is produced by vibrating or "buzzing" the lips into a large cupped mouthpiece. It is one of the most recent additions to the modern symphony orchestra, first appearing in the mid-19th century, when it largely replaced the...
  
   (1991, before May 14)
• Three² for three percussionists with unspecified instruments (May 1991)
• Four³, for one or two pianos, twelve rainsticks and violin/oscillator
  Electronic oscillator
  An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. They are widely used in innumerable electronic devices...
  
  , all operated by four performers (May 1991)
• Five², for English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet and timpani
  Timpani
  Timpani, or kettledrums, are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionally made of copper. They are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick called a timpani stick or timpani mallet...
  
   (May 1991)
• Lullaby, for musical box
  Musical box
  A music box is a 19th century automatic musical instrument that produces sounds by the use of a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc so as to pluck the tuned teeth of a steel comb. They were developed from musical snuff boxes of the 18th century and called carillons à musique...
  
   (May 1991)
• One⁹, for shō (July 1991)
• Two³, for shō and five conch shells (July 1991)
• Two⁴, for violin and piano or shō (July 1991)
• Six, for six percussionists with unspecified instruments (September 1991)
• 103, for orchestra (September 1991)
• Two⁵, for piano and tenor trombone (October 1991)
• Four⁴, for percussionists with unspecified instruments (October 1991)
• Four⁵, for four saxophone
  Saxophone
  The saxophone is a conical-bore transposing musical instrument that is a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. The saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1846...
  
  s (October 1991)
• Five³, for trombone and string quartet (October 1991)
• Five⁴, for soprano saxophone, alto saxophone and 3 percussionists (October 1991)
• Five⁵, for flute, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet and percussion (October 1991)
• Five Hanau Silence, for tape (October 1991)
• Ten, for flute, oboe, clarinet, trombone, percussion, piano, 2 violins, viola and cello (October – November 1991)
• Twenty-Six, for 26 violins (December 1991)
• Twenty-Eight, for wind ensemble (December 1991)
• Twenty-Nine, for two timpani, two percussionists, piano and strings (December 1991)
• Twenty-Eight, Twenty-Six and Twenty-Nine, for orchestra (December 1991, a combination of Twenty-Six, Twenty-Eight and Twenty-Nine)
• Mozart Mix, for five cassette players
  Cassette deck
  A cassette deck is a type of tape recorder for playing or recording audio compact cassettes. A deck was formerly distinguished from a recorder as being part of a stereo component system, while a recorder had a self-contained power amplifier...
  
   (1991)
• One¹⁰, for violin (February 1992)
• Sixty-Eight, for orchestra (February 1992)
• Eighty, for orchestra (February 1992)
• Four⁶, for four performers with any means of producing sounds (March 1992)
• Seventy-Four, for orchestra (March 1992)
• Fifty-Eight, for wind orchestra (March 27, 1992)
• Two⁶, for violin and piano (April 1992)
• Thirteen, for flute, oboe, clarinet in B-flat, bassoon, trumpet in C, tenor trombone, tuba, 2 percussionists, 2 violins, viola and cello (May 14, 1992)
• Muoyce II (Writing through Ulysses), for speaker and tapes (May 1992)
• One¹¹, for solo cinematographer
  Cinematographer
  A cinematographer is one photographing with a motion picture camera . The title is generally equivalent to director of photography , used to designate a chief over the camera and lighting crews working on a film, responsible for achieving artistic and technical decisions related to the image...
  
   (1992)
• One¹², for solo lecturer (1992, before June 22)

Happenings

• Black Mountain Piece, mixed-media performance (1952, only a fragment survives)
• Variations V
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , audio-visual performance (1965)
• Variations VII
  Variations (Cage)
  Variations is a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage. Some of the pieces in the series are seminal examples of indeterminate music, others are happenings: performance pieces executed according to the score....
  
  , mixed-media performance (1966)
• Musicircus, mixed-media performance (1967)
• Newport Mix, event with audience-provided tape loops (1967)
• Reunion, event (1968)
• Mewantemooseicday, event (1969)
• 33 1/3, installation with record players (1969)
• Demonstration of the Sounds of the Environment, event (1971)
• Les chants de Maldoror pulvérises par l'assistance même, event (1971)
• Apartment House 1776
  Apartment House 1776
  Apartment House 1776 is a 1976 composition by the American composer John Cage, composed for the United States Bicentennial and premiered by six orchestras across the country in 1976. The work was commissioned jointly by the orchestras of Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York, and...
  
  , mixed-media event (1976)
• Address, mixed-media event (1977)
• Sounday (Toneday), radio event (1978)
• Concerto Grosso, installation (1979)
• Paragraphs of Fresh Air, radio event (1979)
• Silent Environment (1979)
• Evéne/Environne METZment (1981)
• A House Full of Music, for 200 performers from music schools (1982)
• Musicircus for Children (1984, based on A House Full of Music)

Collaborations

• Marriage at the Eiffel Tower, for two pianos and various objects (1939) – with Henry Cowell
  Henry Cowell
  Henry Cowell was an American composer, music theorist, pianist, teacher, publisher, and impresario. His contribution to the world of music was summed up by Virgil Thomson, writing in the early 1950s:...
  
  , George Frederick McKay
  George Frederick McKay
  George Frederick McKay was a prolific modern American composer.-Biography:McKay was born in the Far West of America in the small frontier wheat farming town of Harrington, Washington. His family later moved to the much larger town of Spokane, where he attended school up to his college years...
  
  , Silvestre Revueltas
  Silvestre Revueltas
  Silvestre Revueltas Sánchez was a Mexican composer of classical music, a violinist and a conductor.-Life:...
  
  , and Amadeo Roldán
  Amadeo Roldán
  Amadeo Roldán y Gardes was a Cuban composer and violinist. Roldán was born in Paris to a Cuban mulatta and a Spanish father...
  
  
• Double Music, for four percussionists (1941) – with Lou Harrison
  Lou Harrison
  Lou Silver Harrison was an American composer. He was a student of Henry Cowell, Arnold Schoenberg, and K. P. H. Notoprojo Lou Silver Harrison (May 14, 1917 – February 2, 2003) was an American composer. He was a student of Henry Cowell, Arnold Schoenberg, and K. P. H. Notoprojo Lou Silver Harrison...
  
  
• Party Pieces: Sonorous and Exquisite Corpses, for any melodic and/or keyboard instruments (1945) – with Henry Cowell, Lou Harrison and Virgil Thomson
  Virgil Thomson
  Virgil Thomson was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music...
  
  
• Music for "Museum Event No. 5", mixed-media performance (1967) – with Toshi Ichiyanagi, Gordon Mumma and David Tudor
  David Tudor
  David Eugene Tudor was an American pianist and composer of experimental music.- Biography :Tudor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied piano with Irma Wolpe and composition with Stefan Wolpe and became known as one of the leading performers of avant garde piano music. He gave the...
  
  
• Vis-à-vis, for two performers (1986) – with Toru Takemitsu
  Toru Takemitsu
  was a Japanese composer and writer on aesthetics and music theory. Largely self-taught, Takemitsu possessed consummate skill in the subtle manipulation of instrumental and orchestral timbre...
  
  

Arrangements

• Arrangement of Socrate
  Socrate
  Socrate is a work for voice and piano by Erik Satie. First published in 1919 for voice and piano, in 1920 a different publisher reissued the piece "revised and corrected". A third version of the work exists, for small orchestra and voice, for which the manuscript has disappeared and which is...
  
  (Erik Satie
  Erik Satie
  Éric Alfred Leslie Satie was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde...
  
  ) (1944 or 1947)
• Adaptation of Ixion (Morton Feldman
  Morton Feldman
  Morton Feldman was an American composer, born in New York City.A major figure in 20th century music, Feldman was a pioneer of indeterminate music, a development associated with the experimental New York School of composers also including John Cage, Christian Wolff, and Earle Brown...
  
  ) for chamber ensemble or 2 pianos (1958)
• Collage of some Studies for Player Piano (Conlon Nancarrow
  Conlon Nancarrow
  Conlon Nancarrow was a United States-born composer who lived and worked in Mexico for most of his life. He became a Mexican citizen in 1955.Nancarrow is best remembered for the pieces he wrote for the player piano...
  
  ) on tape (1964)
• Adaptation of some Studies for Player Piano (Conlon Nancarrow) (1969)

Unfinished and incomplete works

• Quest, for various objects (first movement) and piano (second movement) (1935, only the second movement survives)
• Chess Pieces, for piano (1943)
• Encounter, for piano (1946)
• Unfinished work for voice (1953)
• Unfinished work for magnetic tape (c. 1952–53)
• One¹³, for one live cello and recordings of three cellos (1992)
• Sixteen, for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, bass trombone, piano, 2 percussionists, 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass (1992)

Lost works

• Untitled composition, 1931
• Etudes, for piano (1932, possibly same as the untitled composition of 1931)
• Duet, for two flutes (1934)
• Music for Xenia, for piano (1934)
• Allemande for clarinet (1934)
• String Quartet (1936)
• Music for an Aquatic Ballet (1938)
• 25 Ballets in 1 act for a solo dancer (1939)
• Ho to AA, for voice and piano (1939)
• America was promises, for voice and piano 4 hands (1940)
• Four songs of the moment, for piano (1940)
• Prelude to Flight, for piano? (1940)
• Spiritual, for piano (1940)
• Opening dance, for piano (1942)
• Shimmera, for prepared piano (1942)
• Lidice, for prepared piano (1943)
• The Feast, for piano (1945)
• Thin Cry, for piano (1945)
• Foreboding, for piano (1946)
• Orestes, for piano? (1948)
• First Week of June (1970)
• Untitled (work for Joao Miró), for piano (1970)
• 52/3 (1972)
• Music for "Westbeth", for piano? (1974)
• Pools, for a single performer (1978, based on Inlets)
• Seventeen, (1992, possibly similar to Sixteen or does not exist)
• Otte, for violin (1992, spurious, probably not by Cage or does not exist)

Literary works

• Silence: Lectures and Writings
  Silence: Lectures and Writings
  Silence: Lectures and Writings is a book by American experimental composer John Cage , first published in 1961 by Wesleyan University Press. Silence is a collection of essays and lectures Cage wrote during the period from 1939 to 1961...
  
  (1961)
• A Year from Monday
  A Year from Monday
  A Year from Monday: New Lectures and Writings is a book by American avant-garde composer John Cage , first published in 1967 by Wesleyan University Press. The book is a collection of essays, lectures and journal entries from 1961–1967...
  
  (1968)
• M
  M (John Cage book)
  M: Writings ’67–’72 is a book by American avant-garde composer John Cage , first published in 1973 by Wesleyan University Press. It contains the following writings:* "Foreword"...
  
  (1973)
• Empty Words
  Empty Words
  Empty Words: Writings ’73–’78 is a book by American avant-garde composer John Cage , first published in 1979 by Wesleyan University Press...
  
  (1979)
• X
  X (John Cage book)
  X: Writings ’79–’82 is a book by American avant-garde composer John Cage , first published in 1983. The book contains the following works:* "Foreword" * "Writing for the Fourth Time through Finnegans Wake"...
  
  (1983)

External links

• John Cage works catalogue at the John Cage database, contains details on individual pieces, exact dates of composition and first performances, an extensive discography, etc.
• Catalogue at the John Cage Compendium, compiled by Paul van Emmerik, alphabetical
• John Cage Chronological Catalog of Music compiled by Larry Solomon, includes an alphabetic list as well; details on individual compositions (some minor errors and omissions)
• Unrecorded John Cage Works with details on events and a list of lost works