List of feminists
Encyclopedia
This is a list of important participants in the development of feminism
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Feminism
Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of women's rights...
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Feminists
- Lesley AbdelaLesley AbdelaLesley Julia Abdela MBE at the London Gazette. "For services to the advancement of Women in Politics and Local Government." Hon D.Litt)...
, British feminist fl. 2010 - Abigail AdamsAbigail AdamsAbigail Adams was the wife of John Adams, who was the second President of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth...
(1744–1818), First Lady of the United StatesFirst Lady of the United StatesFirst Lady of the United States is the title of the hostess of the White House. Because this position is traditionally filled by the wife of the president of the United States, the title is most often applied to the wife of a sitting president. The current first lady is Michelle Obama.-Current:The... - Jane AddamsJane AddamsJane Addams was a pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace...
(1860–1935) - Sophie AdlersparreSophie AdlersparreCarin Sophie Adlersparre née Leijonhufvud , was a Swedish feminist, publisher, editor, writer and friherinna...
(1823–1895) - Alfhild AgrellAlfhild AgrellAlfhild Teresia Agrell was a Swedish writer and playwright. She was born to Erik Johan Martin and Karolina Margareta Adolphson, who worked as confectioners. From 1868 until 1895 she was married to the Stockholmer merchant A...
(1849–1923) - Heinrich Cornelius AgrippaHeinrich Cornelius AgrippaHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a German magician, occult writer, theologian, astrologer, and alchemist.-Life:Agrippa was born in Cologne in 1486...
(1486–1535), author of Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex - Catharina AhlgrenCatharina AhlgrenCatharina Ahlgren was a Swedish feminist writer, poet, translator, managing editor, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden. She is also known for her correspondance with Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. Ahlgren was a leading person in the "Female literary world of the 1750-...
(1734–1783), Swedish journalist and feminist - Linda Martín AlcoffLinda Martín AlcoffLinda Martín Alcoff is a philosopher at the City University of New York who specializes in epistemology, feminism, race theory and existentialism. She is currently the vice president of the APA, Eastern Division. She earned her PhD in Philosophy from Brown University...
- Alan AldaAlan AldaAlphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo , better known as Alan Alda, is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and author. A six-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award winner, he is best known for his role as Hawkeye Pierce in the TV series M*A*S*H...
, U.S. actor (M*A*S*H* and The West Wing) who campaigned for Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s and early 1980s - Soteria AlibertySoteria AlibertySoteria Aliberty was a Greek feminist and educator who founded the first Greek women's association, Ergani Athena .She founded a school for girls in Romania and wrote biographical sketches of notable Greek women for Women's Newspaper of Athens...
, Greek educator and writer - Elisabeth Altmann-GottheinerElisabeth Altmann-GottheinerElisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner was the first woman to become a university lecturer in Germany.In 1904, she received a doctorate in Zurich, Switzerland...
(1874–1930), German university lecturer - Ellen AnckarsvärdEllen AnckarsvärdEleonora Anckarsvärd, née Nyström , was a Swedish feminist.She was the daughter of the architect Per Axel Nyström. In 1873, she co-founded Föreningen för gift kvinnas äganderätt with Anna Hierta-Retzius, which is considered the first organized Swedish women's movement...
(1833–1898), Swedish feminist - Adelaide AndersonAdelaide AndersonDame Adelaide Mary Anderson, DBE was a British civil servant and labour activist, particularly interested in child labour and conditions in China. She served as HM Principal Lady Inspector of Factories from 1897 to 1921....
(1863–1936), British - Elizabeth Garrett AndersonElizabeth Garrett AndersonElizabeth Garrett Anderson, LSA, MD , was an English physician and feminist, the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain and the first female mayor in England.-Early life:...
(1836–1917), British physician and suffragist - Louisa Garrett AndersonLouisa Garrett AndersonDr. Louisa Garrett Anderson CBE was a medical pioneer, a member of the Women's Social and Political Union, a suffragette, and social reformer. She was the daughter of the founding medical pioneer Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Her aunt, Dame Millicent Fawcett was a British suffragist...
(1873–1943), British physician and suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Jane AngerJane AngerJane Anger was an English author of the late sixteenth century. The only evidence of her extant is Her Protection for Women, a pamphlet published in London in 1589, of which only one original copy survives...
, author of Her Protection for Women, published 1589 in London - Susan B. AnthonySusan B. AnthonySusan Brownell Anthony was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States. She was co-founder of the first Women's Temperance Movement with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as President...
(1820–1906), American suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Anti-FlagAnti-FlagAnti-Flag is a punk rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States, formed in 1988. The band is well known for its outspoken political views. Much of the band's lyrics have focused on fervent anti-war activism, criticism of United States foreign policy, corporatism, U.S. wealth...
, self-proclaimed feminists, who have written songs including Feminism is for Everyone (With a Beating Heart and Functioning Brain) - Gloria E. AnzaldúaGloria E. AnzaldúaGloria Evangelina Anzaldúa was considered a leading scholar of Chicano cultural theory and Queer theory. She loosely based her most well-known book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza on her life growing up on the Mexican-Texas border and incorporated her lifelong feelings of social and...
- Maria ArbatovaMaria ArbatovaMaria Ivanovna Arbatova born July 17, 1957, is a Russian novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, journalist, talkshow host, politician, and one of Russia's most widely known feminists in the 1990s.-Early life:...
(born 1957), leading Russian feminist - Lovisa ÅrbergLovisa ÅrbergMaria Lovisa Åhrberg or Årberg , was a Swedish surgeon and doctor. She was the first recognised female doctor in Sweden. She was a doctor and a surgeon already in the 1820s, long before it was formally permitted for women in 1870...
(1801–1881), first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden - Margery Corbett AshbyMargery Corbett AshbyDame Margery Irene Corbett Ashby, DBE was a British Liberal politician, feminist and internationalist.She was born at Danehill, East Sussex, the daughter of Charles Henry Corbett a barrister who was sometime Liberal MP for East Grinstead and Marie Corbett herself a Liberal feminist and local...
(1882–1981), British - Concepción ArenalConcepción ArenalConcepción Arenal was a Spanish feminist writer and activist.Born in Ferrol, Galicia, she excelled in literature and was the first woman to attend university in Spain...
(1820–1893), activist, writer, thinker, pioneer, and founder of the Feminist movementFeminist movementThe feminist movement refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment and sexual violence...
in Spain - Ottilie AssingOttilie assingOttilie Davida Assing was a 19th century German feminist, freethinker, and abolitionist. Born in Hamburg, she was the eldest daughter of a prominent Jewish physician, David Assur, who converted to Christianity upon marriage and changed his name to Assing...
- Mary AstellMary AstellMary Astell was an English feminist writer and rhetorician. Her advocacy of equal educational opportunities for women has earned her the title "the first English feminist."-Life and career:...
(c. 1666–1731), author of Serious Proposal to the Ladies - Hubertine AuclertHubertine AuclertHubertine Auclert was a leading French feminist and a campaigner for women's suffrage.Born in the Allier département in the Auvergne area of France into a middle-class family, Hubertine Auclert's father died when she was thirteen years old and her mother sent her to live and study in a Roman...
- Rachel Foster AveryRachel Foster AveryRachel Foster Avery was a corresponding secretary of the National American Woman Suffrage Association during the late 19th century.-Biography:...
- Lois W. Banner, U.S. historian
- Marie BashkirtseffMarie BashkirtseffMarie Bashkirtseff was a Ukrainian-born diarist, painter and sculptor....
- Anna BayerováAnna BayerováAnna Bayerová was the second Czech female medical doctor.-Biography:Bayerová was born near Mělník in 1853, the youngest child of Josef and Marie Bayer...
(1853–1924), second Czech female physician - Catharine BeecherCatharine BeecherCatharine Esther Beecher was an American educator known for her forthright opinions on women's education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education....
(1800–1878), American educator and author - Lydia BeckerLydia BeckerLydia Ernestine Becker was a leader in the early British suffrage movement, as well as an amateur scientist with interests in biology and astronomy...
(1827–1890), British suffrage campaigner - Signe BergmanSigne BergmanSigne Wilhelmina Ulrika Bergman , was a Swedish feminist.She was the chairman of the Swedish Society for Woman Suffrage in 1914-1917 and the Swedish delegat to International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1909-1920. She played a leading role in the international congress for woman suffrage in Stockholm...
(1869–1960), Swedish suffrage leader - Annie BesantAnnie BesantAnnie Besant was a prominent British Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self rule.She was married at 19 to Frank Besant but separated from him over religious differences. She then became a prominent speaker for the National Secular Society ...
- Helen BentwichHelen BentwichHelen Caroline Bentwich CBE was a British social worker and politician.-Biography:Helen Franklin was born in Notting Hill, London, into a prominent Jewish family. Her father was a merchant banker and her uncles Herbert and Stuart Samuel were leading politicians...
(1892–1972), British Chair of London County CouncilLondon County CouncilLondon County Council was the principal local government body for the County of London, throughout its 1889–1965 existence, and the first London-wide general municipal authority to be directly elected. It covered the area today known as Inner London and was replaced by the Greater London Council... - Julie BindelJulie BindelJulie Bindel is an English writer, feminist and co-founder of the group Justice For Women, which opposes violence against women from a feminist viewpoint....
, Guardian columnist and a campaigner against male violence, sex trafficking, and rape - Rosa May BillinghurstRosa May BillinghurstRosa May Billinghurst, a suffragette, was born in Lewisham, London, in 1875.As a child she suffered total paralysis which left her disabled throughout her adult life. However, this did not prevent her becoming active in social work in a Greenwich workhouse, teaching in a Sunday School and joining...
(1875–1953), British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Teresa Billington-GreigTeresa Billington-GreigTeresa Billington-Greig was a suffragette who created the Women's Freedom League. She left another suffrage organisation the WSPU as she considered the leadership too autocratic.-Life:...
(1877–1964), British founder of the Women's Freedom LeagueWomen's Freedom LeagueThe Women's Freedom League was an organisation in the United Kingdom which campaigned for women's suffrage and sexual equality.The group was founded in 1907 by seventy members of the Women's Social and Political Union including Teresa Billington-Greig, Charlotte Despard, Elizabeth How-Martyn, and... - Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), first female physicianPhysicianA physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
in the U.S. - Barbara BodichonBarbara BodichonBarbara Leigh Smith Bodichon was an English educationalist, artist, and a leading early nineteenth century feminist and activist for women's rights.-Early life:...
- Elsie BowermanElsie BowermanElsie Edith Bowerman was a lawyer, suffragette and RMS Titanic survivor.- Early life :Elsie Edith Bowerman was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, the daughter of William Bowerman and his wife Edith Martha Barber. Her father died when she was 5 years old...
(1889–1973) - Anne BradstreetAnne BradstreetAnne Dudley Bradstreet was New England's first published poet. Her work met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World.-Biography:...
- Fredrika BremerFredrika BremerFredrika Bremer was a Swedish writer and a feminist activist. She had a large influence on the social development in Sweden, especially in feminist issues.-Background:...
- Sophia Elisabet BrennerSophia Elisabet BrennerSophia Elisabet Brenner was a Swedish writer, poet, feminist and salon hostess, and was regarded in her country as a pioneer in each of these fields.- Biography :...
(1659–1724), Swedish salonist and poet - Ursula Mellor BrightUrsula Mellor BrightUrsula Mellor Bright was a women's suffrage campaigner.Her father was Liverpool merchant Joseph Mellor; he died when Ursula was very young. Her mother married Thomas Blackburn, a Liverpool surgeon. She was a daughter of John Pennington of Hindley, Lancashire...
- Emilia BrooméEmilia BrooméEmilia Augusta Clementina Broomé, née Lothigius , was a Swedish politician , feminist and peace activist. She was the first woman in the Swedish legislative assembly ....
, Swedish politician - Flora BrovinaFlora BrovinaFlora Brovina is a Kosovar Albanian poet, pediatrician and women’s rights activist. She was born in the town of Srbica in the Drenica Valley of Kosovo, and was raised in Pristina, where she went to school and began studying medicine...
- Antoinette BrownAntoinette BrownAntoinette Louisa Brown, later Antoinette Brown Blackwell , was the first woman to be ordained as a minister in the United States...
- Susan BrownmillerSusan BrownmillerSusan Brownmiller is an American feminist, journalist, author, and activist. She is best known for her pioneering work on the politics of rape in her 1975 book Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, Brownmiller argues that rape had been hitherto defined by men rather than women; and that men use,...
- Katherine Burdekin
- Lucy BurnsLucy BurnsLucy Burns was an American suffragist and women's rights advocate. She was a passionate activist in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Burns was a close friend of Alice Paul, and together they ultimately formed the National Woman's Party.-Early life and education:Lucy Burns was born in...
- Katharine BushnellKatharine BushnellKatharine Bushnell was a Christian writer, physician, medical missionary to China, and Bible scholar skilled in both Hebrew and Greek, and social activist. Of particular interest to her was the status of women in the Bible, believing it had been mistranslated and misinterpreted...
- Josephine ButlerJosephine ButlerJosephine Elizabeth Butler was a Victorian era British feminist who was especially concerned with the welfare of prostitutes...
(1828–1906), British - Lydia CachoLydia CachoLydia Cacho Ribeiro is a Mexican journalist and feminist and human rights activist. She is a member of the Red Internacional de Periodistas con Visión de Género.-Biography:...
- Liz CarpenterLiz CarpenterMary Elizabeth "Liz" Sutherland Carpenter was a writer, feminist, former reporter, media advisor, speechwriter, political humorist, and public relations expert....
, a founder of the National Women's Political CaucusNational Women's Political CaucusThe National Women's Political Caucus is a national bipartisan grassroots organization in the United States dedicated to recruiting, training, and supporting women who seek elected and appointed offices.... - Frances Jennings CasementFrances Jennings CasementFrances Jennings Casement was a U.S. suffragette and voting advocate from Painesville, Ohio. Her father Charles C. Jennings was a politician active in the abolition movement in the 1830s. Frances married General John S. Casement in 1857...
- Ana CastilloAna CastilloAna Castillo is a Mexican-American Chicana novelist, poet, short story writer, and essayist.- Life and career :Castillo was born and raised in an inner city barrio of Chicago, Illinois. After completing undergraduate studies, she immediately began teaching college courses...
- Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt was a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920...
(1859–1947), American women's rights activist - Maria CederschiöldMaria CederschiöldMaria Cederschiöld, , was a Swedish journalist and feminist.Cederschiöld studied in Uppsala and graduated in 1874. After having worked as a teacher, she became a reporter at Aftonbladet in 1884. She wrote foreign news articles and reviewed literature as a critic. In 1909-1921, she was chief editor...
, Swedish feminist - Enid CharlesEnid CharlesEnid Charles, Ph.D. was a socialist, feminist and statistician who was a pioneer in the fields of demography and population statistics....
(1894–1972) - Phyllis CheslerPhyllis CheslerPhyllis Chesler is an American writer, psychotherapist, and professor emerita of psychology and women's studies at the College of Staten Island...
- Christina of SwedenChristina of SwedenChristina , later adopted the name Christina Alexandra, was Queen regnant of Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Grand Princess of Finland, and Duchess of Ingria, Estonia, Livonia and Karelia, from 1633 to 1654. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora...
(1626–1689), Queen - Alice Whitcomb ClarkAlice Whitcomb ClarkAlice Whitcomb Clark is the author of Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century , an examination of the daily lives of women across the economic spectrum.-Bibliography:-External links:*...
- Florence ClaxtonFlorence ClaxtonFlorence Anne Claxton was an English artist and humorist, most notable for her satire on the Pre-Raphaelite movement. Claxton also wrote and illustrated many humorous commentaries on contemporary life.-Life:...
(fl.FloruitFloruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...
1840–1879), English artist and author - Voltairine de CleyreVoltairine de CleyreVoltairine de Cleyre was an American anarchist writer and feminist. She was a prolific writer and speaker, opposing the state, marriage, and the domination of religion in sexuality and women's lives. She began her activist career in the freethought movement...
- Hillary Clinton, former First LadyFirst LadyFirst Lady or First Gentlemanis the unofficial title used in some countries for the spouse of an elected head of state.It is not normally used to refer to the spouse or partner of a prime minister; the husband or wife of the British Prime Minister is usually informally referred to as prime...
and now Secretary of StateSecretary of StateSecretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....
and U.S. politician - Kurt CobainKurt CobainKurt Donald Cobain was an American singer-songwriter, musician and artist, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the grunge band Nirvana...
, self-proclaimed feminist, in defense of the song "Rape MeRape Me"Rape Me" is a song by the American grunge band Nirvana, written by frontman Kurt Cobain. The song was released as the second single from Nirvana's third album In Utero in 1993, packaged as a double A-side along with "All Apologies"...
", which he described as an "anti-rape song." - Francis Power Cobbe
- Nikki CraftNikki CraftNikki Craft is an American political activist, radical feminist, artist and writer.-Activism:In 1975, she presented the Rockwell International Board of Directors with "...naked doll[s] splashed with blood-colored paint" to protest their B-1 bomber called "The Peacemaker".The same year, Craft...
- Jill CraigieJill CraigieJill Craigie was an English documentary film director, screenwriter and feminist. She was the wife of the Labour Party politician Michael Foot , whom she met during the making of her film The Way We Live....
(1911–1999), British film maker - Mary DalyMary DalyMary Daly was an American radical feminist philosopher, academic, and theologian. Daly, who described herself as a "radical lesbian feminist", taught at Boston College, a Jesuit-run institution, for 33 years. Daly retired in 1999, after violating university policy by refusing to allow male...
, ethicist and theologian - Emily Wilding Davison (1872–1913), British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union...
- Simone de BeauvoirSimone de BeauvoirSimone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir , was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. She wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and...
- Marquis de CondorcetMarquis de CondorcetMarie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet , known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist whose Condorcet method in voting tally selects the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election...
(1743–1794), philosopher and mathematician of the French Enlightenment - Eoin Conroy
- Olympe de GougesOlympe de GougesOlympe de Gouges , born Marie Gouze, was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached a large audience....
- Marie de GournayMarie de GournayMarie de Gournay was a French writer, who wrote a novel and a number of other literary compositions, including two proto-feminist works, The Equality of Men and Women and The Ladies' Grievance . In her novel Le Promenoir de M...
- François Poullain de la BarreFrançois Poullain de la BarreFrançois Poulain de la Barre , was a writer, Cartesian and feminist philosopher.-Life:...
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648–1695), Mexican nun and pioneer of female education in the Western hemisphere
- Francisco de MirandaFrancisco de MirandaSebastián Francisco de Miranda Ravelo y Rodríguez de Espinoza , commonly known as Francisco de Miranda , was a Venezuelan revolutionary...
(1750–1816), Precursor of Latin American Independence and military figure of the French RevolutionFrench RevolutionThe French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years... - Christine de PizanChristine de PizanChristine de Pizan was a Venetian-born late medieval author who challenged misogyny and stereotypes prevalent in the male-dominated medieval culture. As a poet, she was well known and highly regarded in her own day; she completed 41 works during her 30 year career , and can be regarded as...
(1365–1430) - Josefina DelandJosefina DelandJosefina Deland was a Swedish feminist, writer and a teacher in French. She founded Svenska lärarinnors pensionsförening ....
(1814–1890), Swedish feminist - Marie DentièreMarie DentièreMarie Dentière was a Genevan Protestant reformer and theologian. She played an active role in Genevan religion and politics, playing a large role in the closure of Geneva's convents, and preaching with such reformers as John Calvin and William Farel...
(c. 1495–1561), Genevan Protestant theologian who called for the increased religious participation of women - Charlotte DespardCharlotte DespardCharlotte Despard was a British-born, later Irish-based suffragist, novelist and Sinn Féin activist....
(1844–1939), British - Emily FaithfullEmily FaithfullEmily Faithfull was an English women's rights activist.-Biography:She was the youngest daughter of the Rev. Ferdinand Faithfull,and was born at Headley Rectory, Surrey. She took agreat interest in the conditions of working-women...
(1835–1895), British - Modesta di Pozzo di ForziModesta di Pozzo di ForziModesta di Pozzo di Forzi was an author living in Venice, Italy. She published "in no uncertain words" a book about the superiority of women to men in 1593. She died shortly after the publication and so did not hear about the great success of her book.-Notes:...
- Frederick DouglassFrederick DouglassFrederick Douglass was an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing...
- Carol Ann DuffyCarol Ann DuffyCarol Ann Duffy, CBE, FRSL is a Scottish poet and playwright. She is Professor of Contemporary Poetry at the Manchester Metropolitan University, and was appointed Britain's poet laureate in May 2009...
- Roxanne Dunbar-OrtizRoxanne Dunbar-OrtizRoxanne Dunbar-Ortiz is an American academic, educator, feminist activist, and writer.Born in San Antonio, Texas, Dunbar-Ortiz is of partial American Indian background. She spent most of her youth growing up in the rural community of Piedmont, Oklahoma...
- Marguerite DurandMarguerite DurandMarguerite Durand was a French stage actress, journalist, and a leading suffragette.-Biography:Born into a middle-class family, Marguerite Durand was sent to study at a Roman Catholic convent...
- Andrea DworkinAndrea DworkinAndrea Rita Dworkin was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women....
- Norah ElamNorah ElamNorah Elam also known as Norah Dacre Fox, was a radical feminist, militant suffragette, anti-vivisectionist and fascist in the United Kingdom. Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1878 to John and Charlotte Doherty, she emigrated to England with her family and by 1891 was living in London...
(1878–1961) - Friedrich EngelsFriedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels was a German industrialist, social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx. In 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research...
(1820–1895), Communist writer and thinker; wrote The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the StateThe Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the StateThe Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State: in the light of the researches of Lewis H. Morgan is a historical materialist treatise written by Friedrich Engels and published in 1884. It is partially based on notes by Karl Marx to Lewis H... - Cynthia EnloeCynthia Enloe-Biography:Born in 1938, Cynthia Enloe spent her early life on Long Island in a New York suburb. After completing her undergraduate education at Connecticut College in 1960 , she went on to earn an M.A. in 1963 and a Ph.D...
, International RelationsInternational relationsInternational relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...
scholar - Dorothea ErxlebenDorothea ErxlebenDorothea Christiane Erxleben née Leporin was the first female medical doctor in Germany...
(1715–1762), first female physicianPhysicianA physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
in Germany - Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1847–1929), British leader of the suffragist movement
- Tina FeyTina FeyElizabeth Stamatina "Tina" Fey is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer, known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live , the NBC comedy series 30 Rock, and films such as Mean Girls and Baby Mama .Fey first broke into comedy as a featured player in the...
, actress and writer of the NBCNBCThe National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices near Los Angeles and in Chicago...
show 30 Rock30 Rock30 Rock is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey that airs on NBC. The series is loosely based on Fey's experiences as head writer for Saturday Night Live... - Shulamith FirestoneShulamith FirestoneShulamith Firestone , is a Jewish, Canadian-born feminist. She was a central figure in the early development of radical feminism, having been a founding member of the New York Radical Women, Redstockings, and New York Radical Feminists...
- Louise FlodinLouise FlodinLouise Charlotta Kristina Flodin, née Söderqvist, , was a Swedish journalist, typographer, feminist and publisher. She was seen as the first woman in Sweden to be given a newspaper licence....
, Swedish - Mary Sargant FlorenceMary Sargant FlorenceMary Sargant Florence was a British painter of figure subjects, mural decorations in fresco and occasional landscapes in watercolour and pastel. She was born in London, née Sargant, sister of the sculptor F.W. Sargant. She studied in Paris under Luc-Olivier Merson and at the Slade School under...
(1857–1954), suffragist, painter, and writer - Betty FordBetty FordElizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford , better known as Betty Ford, was First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977 during the presidency of her husband Gerald Ford...
, former First LadyFirst LadyFirst Lady or First Gentlemanis the unofficial title used in some countries for the spouse of an elected head of state.It is not normally used to refer to the spouse or partner of a prime minister; the husband or wife of the British Prime Minister is usually informally referred to as prime... - Isabella FordIsabella FordIsabella Ormston Ford was an English social reformer, suffragist and writer. She became a public speaker and wrote pamphlets on issues related to socialism, feminism and worker's rights. After becoming concerned with the rights of female mill workers at an early age, Ford became involved with...
(1855–1924) - Juliette FretteJuliette FrettéJuliette Rose Fretté is an American artist, writer, and model.She is the Playmate of the Month for the June 2008 issue of Playboy magazine, and unusually wrote the article text that accompanied her pictures....
, American model - Marilyn FryeMarilyn FryeMarilyn Frye is a philosophy professor and feminist theorist. She earned her Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1969 and has taught feminist philosophy, metaphysics, and philosophy of language at Michigan State University since 1974...
- Margaret FullerMargaret FullerSarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli, commonly known as Margaret Fuller, was an American journalist, critic, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer in journalism...
- Matilda Joslyn GageMatilda Joslyn GageMatilda Electa Joslyn Gage was a suffragist, a Native American activist, an abolitionist, a freethinker, and a prolific author, who was "born with a hatred of oppression".-Early activities:...
- Charlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform...
- Emma GoldmanEmma GoldmanEmma Goldman was an anarchist known for her political activism, writing and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century....
- Vida GoldsteinVida GoldsteinVida Jane Mary Goldstein was an early Australian feminist politician who campaigned for women's suffrage and social reform.-Early years:...
(1869–1949), Australian feminist politician - Jane GomeldonJane GomeldonJane Gomeldon was an English writer, poet and adventurer. Her writing has gained her posthumous recognition as an early feminist.-Biography:...
(died 1779), English essayist - Jane GoodallJane GoodallDame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE , is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National...
- Bettisia GozzadiniBettisia GozzadiniBettisia Gozzadini flourished around 1250, and lectured in law at the University of Bologna. She reputedly obtained her education disguised as a man and taught from behind a screen so that she would not distract the students...
(1209–1261), held a chair in law at the University Bologna, Italy, probably the first woman ever to hold a university post. - Jane GrantJane GrantJane Grant was a New York City journalist who co-founded The New Yorker with her first husband, Harold Ross.-Her life:...
- Angelina Emily Grimke
- Sarah GrimkeSarah GrimkéSarah Moore Grimké was an American abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.-Early life:Sarah Grimké was born in South Carolina. She was sixth of fourteen children and the second daughter of Mary and John Faucheraud Grimké, a rich plantation owner who was also an attorney and a judge in South Carolina...
- Marianne HainischMarianne HainischMarianne Hainisch, born Marianne Perger was the founder and leader of the Austrian women's movement...
- Bertha HarrisBertha HarrisBertha Harris was an American lesbian novelist. Born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, she moved to New York City in the 1960s. She is highly regarded by critics and admirers, but her novels are less familiar to the broader public.-Career and published works:She is best known for her stylistically...
- Jane Ellen HarrisonJane Ellen HarrisonJane Ellen Harrison was a British classical scholar, linguist and feminist. Harrison is one of the founders, with Karl Kerenyi and Walter Burkert, of modern studies in Greek mythology. She applied 19th century archaeological discoveries to the interpretation of Greek religion in ways that have...
, British scholar - Anna Hierta-RetziusAnna Hierta-RetziusAnna Wilhelmina Hierta-Retzius , was a Swedish feminist and philanthropist.She was the daughter of Lars Johan Hierta, the founder of the paper Aftonbladet, and Wilhelmina Fröding and married to the scientist Gustaf Retzius, with whom she was active in social and scientific projects.She co-founded...
(1841–1924) - Shere HiteShere HiteShere Hite is an American-born German sex educator and feminist. Her sexological work has focused primarily on female sexuality. Hite builds upon biological studies of sex by Masters and Johnson and by Alfred Kinsey...
- Sarah HoaglandSarah HoaglandSarah Lucia Hoagland is Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago. She is author of Lesbian Ethics, and the co-editor of For Lesbians Only, an anthology of writing on the topic of Lesbian Separatism, with Julia Penelope and Re-reading the Canon:...
- Nicole HollanderNicole HollanderNicole Hollander is an American cartoonist and writer. Her daily comic strip Sylvia is syndicated to newspapers nationally by Tribune Media Services and also can be seen on her blog, BadGirl Chats....
- Edith How-MartynEdith How-MartynEdith How-Martyn, nee How was a British suffragette and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union . She was arrested in 1906 for attempting to make a speech in the House of Commons. This was one of the first acts of suffragette militancy.-Life:Edith How was born in London in 1875, an...
(1875–1954), British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Julia Ward HoweJulia Ward HoweJulia Ward Howe was a prominent American abolitionist, social activist, and poet, most famous as the author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic".-Biography:...
- Mary HowellMary HowellMary Catherine Raugust Howell was a physician, psychologist, lawyer, mentor, musician and mother. She was the first woman dean at Harvard Medical School and led the fight to end quotas and open medical schools to women.-Biography:Dr. Howell was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota...
- André A. JacksonAndré A. JacksonAndré Action Diakité Jackson , , more commonly known by his African clan name "M’Zée Fula-Ngenge" , is a diamond industrialist and head of JFPI Corporation, Africa's largest holding company....
, African diamond administrator and philanthropist - Aletta JacobsAletta JacobsAletta Henriëtte Jacobs, better known as Aletta Jacobs was the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician. She was born to a Jewish doctor's family in Sappemeer...
(1854–1929), the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician - Sheila JeffreysSheila JeffreysSheila Jeffreys is a lesbian feminist scholar and political activist, known for her analysis of the history and politics of sexuality in Britain. She is a professor in Political Science at the University of Melbourne in Australia...
- Sonia JohnsonSonia JohnsonSonia Johnson is an American feminist activist and writer. She was an outspoken supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment and in the late 1970s was publicly critical of the position of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , of which she was a member, against the proposed amendment...
- Jill JohnstonJill JohnstonJill Johnston was an American feminist author and cultural critic who wrote Lesbian Nation in 1973 and was a longtime writer for The Village Voice. She was also a leader of the lesbian separatist movement of the 1970s. Johnston also wrote under the pen name F. J...
- Christian Isobel JohnstoneChristian Isobel JohnstoneChristian Isobel Johnstone was a prolific journalist and author in Scotland in the nineteenth century. She was a significant early feminist and an advocate of other liberal causes in her era....
(1781–1857), Scottish journalist, editor, and novelist - Marie JuchaczMarie JuchaczMarie Juchacz was a German social reformer, social democrat and feminist.- Life and career :...
, German social reformer, feminist, and Member of the Reichstag - Wendy KaminerWendy KaminerWendy Kaminer is a lawyer and writer. She has written several books on contemporary social issues, including A Fearful Freedom: Women's Flight From Equality, about the conflict between egalitarian and protectionist feminism; I'm Dysfunctional, You're Dysfunctional: The Recovery Movement and Other...
- Aoua KeitaAoua KéitaAoua Kéita was a Malian independence activist and writer from Mali. She was a member of the African Democratic Rally and has been described as a militant member. In 1950 renounced her French citizenship and in the following year she led to the party's success in elections...
- Alexandra KollontaiAlexandra KollontaiAlexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1914 on as a Bolshevik. In 1919 she became the first female government minister in Europe...
- Louisa LawsonLouisa LawsonLouisa Lawson was an Australian writer, publisher, suffragist, and feminist. She was the mother of the poet and author Henry Lawson.-Early life:...
, Australian suffragist and women's rights campaigner - Mary Lee, South Australian suffragist
- MadonnaMadonna (entertainer)Madonna is an American singer-songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Born in Bay City, Michigan, she moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she released her debut album in 1983...
, American singer and actress who has brought feminism into her lyrics and music videos - Anna Maria LenngrenAnna Maria LenngrenAnna Maria Lenngren was a Swedish writer, poet, feminist, translator and salonist. She is one of the best-known Swedish woman poets.-Background:...
(1754–1817), Swedish phoet - John LennonJohn LennonJohn Winston Lennon, MBE was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music...
, self-proclaimed feminist who with wife Yoko Ono wrote the feminist song Woman is the Nigger of the WorldWoman Is the Nigger of the World"Woman Is the Nigger of the World" is a song written by John Lennon & Yoko Ono and recorded by John Lennon. It was released as a single on Apple Records in the United States and in New Zealand and Japan, but was withdrawn from release in Britain. It peaked at #57 on the Billboard Hot 100, making...
and Woman (John Lennon song) - Anna LeonowensAnna LeonowensAnna Leonowens was an English travel writer, educator, and social activist. She worked in Siam from 1862 to 1868, where she taught the wives and children of Mongkut, king of Siam. She also co-founded the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design...
- Gerda LernerGerda LernerGerda Lerner is a historian, author and teacher. She is a professor emerita of history at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a visiting scholar at Duke University...
, post-Marxist - Fredrika LimnellFredrika Limnell–Fredrika Limnell née Forssberg , was a Swedish philanthropist, mecenate, feminist and salonist.- Biography :...
, Swedish - Mary LivermoreMary LivermoreMary Livermore, born Mary Ashton Rice, was an American journalist and advocate of women's rights.-Biography:...
- Audre LordeAudre LordeAudre Lorde was a Caribbean-American writer, poet and activist.-Life:...
- Mina LoyMina LoyMina Loy born Mina Gertrude Löwry was an artist, poet, playwright, novelist, Futurist, actress, Christian Scientist, designer of lamps, and bohemian. She was one of the last of the first generation modernists to achieve posthumous recognition. Her poetry was admired by T. S...
- Margaret Bright LucasMargaret Bright LucasMargaret Bright Lucas was a temperance activist and suffragist.-Biography:Margaret Bright was born on 14 July 1818 at Rochdale, Lancashire...
- Rosa LuxemburgRosa LuxemburgRosa Luxemburg was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and activist of Polish Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen...
- Constance LyttonConstance LyttonLady Constance Georgina Bulwer-Lytton was an influential British suffragette activist, writer, speaker and campaigner for prison reform, votes for women, and birth control.Although she was raised as member of the privileged, ruling class elite within British Society, she rejected this...
, British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Catharine MacKinnonCatharine MacKinnonCatharine Alice MacKinnon is an American feminist, scholar, lawyer, teacher and activist.- Biography :MacKinnon was born in Minnesota. Her mother is Elizabeth Valentine Davis; her father, George E. MacKinnon was a lawyer, congressman , and judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit...
- Agnes MacphailAgnes MacphailAgnes Campbell Macphail was the first woman to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons, and one of the first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario...
, first woman elected to Canadian House of CommonsCanadian House of CommonsThe House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
and founder of the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada - Soe Tjen MarchingSoe Tjen MarchingSoe Tjen Marching is a feminist and a composer of avant-garde music in Indonesia. She studied composition with Slamet Abdul Sjukur in Indonesia and John Cousins at Canterbury University in New Zealand. In 1998, she won national competition for Indonesian Contemporary Composers held by the German...
, Indonesian feminist - Amanda MarcotteAmanda MarcotteAmanda Marie Marcotte is an American blogger best known for her writing on feminism and politics. Time magazine described her as "an outspoken voice of the left" and said "there is a welcome wonkishness to Marcotte, who, unlike some star bloggers, is not afraid to parse policy with her...
, American blogger and activist - William Moulton MarstonWilliam Moulton MarstonDr. William Moulton Marston , also known by the pen name Charles Moulton, was an American psychologist, feminist theorist, inventor and comic book writer who created the character Wonder Woman...
- Harriet MartineauHarriet MartineauHarriet Martineau was an English social theorist and Whig writer, often cited as the first female sociologist....
(1802–1876), British, writer - Else MayerElse MayerElse Mayer was a German nun and women's liberation activist during the period of the First-wave feminism. She was one of the pioneers of the German Women's Liberation Movement....
- Rosa MayrederRosa MayrederRosa Mayreder was an Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist. She was the daughter of Franz Arnold Obermayer, a wealthy restaurant operator and barkeeper, and his second wife Marie.Rosa had 12 brothers and sisters and although her conservative father did not believe in the...
- Susan McClarySusan McClarySusan McClary is a musicologist associated with the "New Musicology". Noted for her work combining musicology and a feminist music criticism, McClary is Professor of Musicology at Case Western Reserve University.-Biography:...
- Nellie McClungNellie McClungNellie McClung, born Nellie Letitia Mooney , was a Canadian feminist, politician, and social activist. She was a part of the social and moral reform movements prevalent in Western Canada in the early 1900s...
- Wendy McElroyWendy McElroyWendy McElroy is a Canadian individualist anarchist and individualist feminist. She was a co-founder along with Carl Watner and George H. Smith of The Voluntaryist in 1982.-Sex-positive:...
- Helen Priscilla McLarenHelen Priscilla McLarenHelen Priscilla Rabagliati, MBE was a local philanthropist and campaigner for improvements in health, women's condition and political change.She was the daughter of Duncan McLaren and Priscilla Bright ....
- Page MellishFeminists Fighting PornographyFeminists Fighting Pornography was a political activist organization against pornography. It advocated for U.S. Federal legislation to allow lawsuits against the porn industry by women whose attackers were inspired by pornography. FFP was based in New York, N.Y., was founded in 1983 or 1984, and...
- Louise MichelLouise MichelLouise Michel was a French anarchist, school teacher and medical worker. She often used the pseudonym Clémence and was also known as the red virgin of Montmartre...
, Paris Commune 1871–1880 and considered women's labor of comparable worth - Harriet Taylor MillHarriet Taylor MillHarriet Taylor Mill was a philosopher and women's rights advocate. Her second husband was John Stuart Mill, one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the 19th century...
(1807–1858), English thinker - John Stuart MillJohn Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill was a British philosopher, economist and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of...
(1806–1873), English thinker and women's rights advocate - Katti Anker MøllerKatti Anker MøllerKatti Anker Møller was a Norwegian feminist, children's rights advocate, and a pioneer of reproductive rights. She is known to posterity as the "advocate of mothers."...
, Norwegian activist on behalf of single mothers and reproductive rights - Agda MonteliusAgda MonteliusAgda Montelius née Reuterskiöld was a Swedish philanthropist and feminist.Montelius was the daughter of the government minister and noble General-Lieutenant Alexander Reuterskiöld and Anna Schenström and married professor Oscar Montelius in 1871...
(1850–1920) - Honor MooreHonor MooreHonor Moore is an American writer of poetry, creative nonfiction and plays.She is the author of three collections of poems: Red Shoes, Darling, and Memoir; two works of nonfiction, The White Blackbird and The Bishop's Daughter; and the play Mourning Pictures, which was produced on Broadway and...
AmericanUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
writer of poetry, creative nonfiction and plays - Cherríe MoragaCherríe MoragaCherríe L. Moraga is a Chicana writer, feminist activist, poet, essayist, and playwright.-Biography:Moraga was born in Whittier, California. She earned her Bachelor's degree from Immaculate Heart College in Los Angeles, California and her Master's from San Francisco State University in 1980...
- Robin MorganRobin MorganRobin Morgan is a former child actor turned American radical feminist activist, writer, poet, and editor of Sisterhood is Powerful and Ms. Magazine....
- Lucretia MottLucretia MottLucretia Coffin Mott was an American Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, and proponent of women's rights.- Early life and education:...
- Anna Maria MozzoniAnna Maria MozzoniAnna Maria Mozzoni was an Italian feminist and a key figure in the Italian Women's suffrage movement and is known as the founder of the Women's movement in Italy...
- Clarina I. H. NicholsClarina I. H. NicholsClarina Irene Howard Nichols was a journalist, lobbyist and public speaker involved in all three of the major reform movements of the mid-19th century: temperance, abolition, and the women's movement that emerged largely out of the ranks of the first two...
- Helena NormantonHelena NormantonHelena Florence Normanton, KC was the first woman to practise as a barrister in the UK. In 1922 she was called to the Bar of England and Wales at the Middle Temple, following the example set by Ivy Williams earlier that year....
British, first practising female barrister - Martha NussbaumMartha NussbaumMartha Nussbaum , is an American philosopher with a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy and ethics....
- Terry O'NeillTerry O'Neill (feminist)Terry O'Neill is an American feminist attorney, professor and activist for social justice. She is president of the National Organization for Women since July 2009, and president of the NOW Foundation and chair of the NOW Political Action Committees.-Education and family:O'Neill graduated from...
, president of the National Organization for WomenNational Organization for WomenThe National Organization for Women is the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded in 1966 and has a membership of 500,000 contributing members. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S...
(NOW) - Yoko OnoYoko Onois a Japanese artist, musician, author and peace activist, known for her work in avant-garde art, music and filmmaking as well as her marriage to John Lennon...
, Japanese American artist, filmmaker, and musician - Christabel PankhurstChristabel PankhurstDame Christabel Harriette Pankhurst, DBE , was a suffragette born in Manchester, England. A co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union , she directed its militant actions from exile in France from 1912 to 1913. In 1914 she became a fervent supporter of the war against Germany...
, British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Emmeline PankhurstEmmeline PankhurstEmmeline Pankhurst was a British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement which helped women win the right to vote...
, British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Sylvia PankhurstSylvia PankhurstEstelle Sylvia Pankhurst was an English campaigner for the suffragist movement in the United Kingdom. She was for a time a prominent left communist who then devoted herself to the cause of anti-fascism.-Early life:...
, British suffragetteSuffragette"Suffragette" is a term coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late 19th and early 20th century movement for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women's Social and Political Union... - Alice PaulAlice PaulAlice Stokes Paul was an American suffragist and activist. Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign for women's suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.-Activism: Alice Paul received her undergraduate education from...
- Eva PerónEva PerónMaría Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of President Juan Perón and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is often referred to as simply Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.She was born in the village of Los Toldos in...
- Frédérique PetridesFrédérique PetridesFrédérique Petrides , , was a Belgian-American conductor and violinist. In 1933, she founded and conducted the Orchestrette Classique in New York...
(1903-1983) Belgian-AmericanUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
; one of the first women orchestral conductors and editor of Women in MusicWomen in MusicWomen in Music was an American newsletter founded in July 1935 by its publisher and editor, Frédérique Petrides, then the conductor of the Orchestrette Classique – an orchestra based in New York made-up of all women musicians. The publication ran until December 1940... - Marion PhillipsMarion PhillipsMarion Phillips was a Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament in England.She was born to a family in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1881. She was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne and Melbourne University, graduating in 1903 and in 1904 began a research...
- Sylvia PlathSylvia PlathSylvia Plath was an American poet, novelist and short story writer. Born in Massachusetts, she studied at Smith College and Newnham College, Cambridge before receiving acclaim as a professional poet and writer...
, author of The Bell JarThe Bell JarThe Bell Jar is American writer and poet Sylvia Plath's only novel, which was originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963. The novel is semi-autobiographical with the names of places and people changed... - Katha PollittKatha PollittKatha Pollitt is an American feminist poet, essayist and critic. She is the author of four essay collections and two books of poetry...
, author of Reasonable Creatures - Sharon PresleySharon PresleySharon Presley is an American libertarian and individualist anarchist feminist, writer, activist, and retired professor of psychology. She was also co-founder and former co-proprietor of Laissez Faire Books, which was once regarded as the largest libertarian bookstore.- Academic career :Presley...
- Jerilynn PriorJerilynn PriorDr. Jerilynn C. Prior is an American-born medical doctor, professor, and researcher specializing in feminist approaches to women's health, especially ovulation, progesterone, bone health and perimenopause...
- Madeleine de PuisieuxMadeleine de PuisieuxMadeleine de Puisieux was a French writer and feminist.Madeleine de Puisieux debuted as a writer in 1745 and sometimes collaborated with Diderot. In 1750, she published La Femme n’est pas inférieure à l'homme...
(1720-1798), feminist writer - Eleanor RathboneEleanor RathboneEleanor Florence Rathbone was an independent British Member of Parliament and long-term campaigner for women's rights. She was a member of the noted Rathbone family of Liverpool.-Life:...
, British - Janice RaymondJanice RaymondJanice G. Raymond is a longtime feminist activist against violence, sexual exploitation and the "medical abuse" of cissexual women, as well as for her writings and activism against transsexualism...
- Claire RaynerClaire RaynerClaire Berenice Rayner OBE was an English nurse, journalist, broadcaster and novelist, best known for her role for many years as an agony aunt.-Early life:...
, British - Adrienne RichAdrienne RichAdrienne Cecile Rich is an American poet, essayist and feminist. She has been called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century."-Early life:...
- Abby RockefellerAbby RockefellerAbby Rockefeller, born 1943, is a member of the Rockefeller family.- Biography :Abby Rockefeller is the eldest and most rebellious daughter of David Rockefeller, Sr.. She was drawn to Marxism and was an ardent admirer of Fidel Castro and a late 1960s/early '70s radical feminist who belonged to the...
- Rosalie RoosRosalie RoosRosalie Roos, married name Olivecrona , was a Swedish feminist activist and writer. She is one of the three great pioneers of the organized women's rights movement in Sweden, alongside Fredrika Bremer and Sophie Adlersparre.- Biography :Rosalie Ulrika Roos was born into a wealthy family...
(1823–1898) - Ernestine RoseErnestine RoseErnestine Louise Rose was an atheist feminist, Individualist Feminist, and abolitionist. She was one of the major intellectual forces behind the women's rights movement in nineteenth-century America....
- Agnes Maude Royden, British suffrage campaigner
- Kathy RudyKathy RudyM Kathy Rudy is an associate professor of women's studies and ethics at Duke University. Rudy's work is often interdisciplinary as she merges philosophy, theology, politics, feminism, and medical ethics...
- Florence RushFlorence RushFlorence Rush was an American certified social worker , feminist theorist and organizer best known for introducing The Freudian Coverup in her presentation "The Sexual Abuse of Children: A Feminist Point of View" about childhood sexual abuse and incest at the April 1971 New York Radical Feminists...
- Gita Sahgal, Indian feminist
- Sarojini SahooSarojini SahooSarojini Sahoo is an Orissa Sahitya Academy Award winner Indian feminist writer, a columnist in The New Indian Express and associate editor of Chennai based English magazine Indian AGE, who has been enlisted among 25 Exceptional Women of India by ‘Kindle’ English magazine of Kolkata.Born in the...
- Celia SánchezCelia SánchezCelia Sánchez Manduley was a participant of the Cuban Revolution and a close friend, and rumored lover of Fidel Castro....
(1920–1980), in Cuban revolution and one of first women to comprise a combat squad during the revolution - George SandGeorge SandAmantine Lucile Aurore Dupin, later Baroness Dudevant , best known by her pseudonym George Sand , was a French novelist and memoirist.-Life:...
(1804–1876), French Novelist - Flora Sandes, jingoistic female participant in Serbian conflicts during the First World War.
- Margaret SangerMargaret SangerMargaret Higgins Sanger was an American sex educator, nurse, and birth control activist. Sanger coined the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established Planned Parenthood...
- Thomas SankaraThomas SankaraThomas Isidore Noël Sankara was a Burkinabé military captain, Marxist revolutionary, Pan-Africanist theorist, and President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987...
, author of Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1987 speech) - Auguste SchmidtAuguste SchmidtAuguste Schmidt, was a pioneering German feminist, educator, journalist and women's rights activist.-Life:...
(1833–1902), pioneer of women's education in Germany - Olive SchreinerOlive SchreinerOlive Schreiner was a South African author, anti-war campaigner and intellectual. She is best remembered today for her novel The Story of an African Farm which has been highly acclaimed ever since its first publication in 1883 for the bold manner in which it dealt with some of the burning issues...
- Alice SchwarzerAlice SchwarzerAlice Schwarzer is the most prominent contemporary German feminist. She is founder and publisher of the German feminist journal EMMA.-Biography and positions:...
- Rose ScottRose ScottRose Scott was an Australian women's rights activist who protested for women's suffrage and universal suffrage in New South Wales at the turn-of-the twentieth century .-Early life:...
- Barbara SeamanBarbara SeamanBarbara Seaman was an American author, activist, and journalist, and a principal founder of the women's health feminism movement.-Early years:Seaman, whose parents, Henry J...
- Baroness Seear, British
- SéverineSeverineSeverine or Séverine can refer to:* the nom de plume of the French journalist Caroline Rémy de Guebhard* a pseudonym of the Hungarian model Eve Angel...
- Mary ShelleyMary ShelleyMary Shelley was a British novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus . She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley...
(1797–1851), English novelist - Kate SheppardKate SheppardKatherine Wilson Sheppard Some sources, eg give a birth year of 1847; others eg give a birth year of 1848. was the most prominent member of New Zealand's women's suffrage movement, and is the country's most famous suffragette...
- Tarabai ShindeTarabai ShindeTarabai Shinde was a feminist activist who protested patriarchy and caste in 19th century India. She is known for her published work, Stri Purush Tulana , originally published in Marathi in 1882. The pamphlet is a critique of upper-caste patriarchy, and is often considered the first modern Indian...
- Emily Anne Eliza ShirreffEmily Anne Eliza ShirreffEmily Anne Eliza Shirreff was a pioneer in the movement for the higher education of women and the development of the Froebelian principles in England.-Family:...
(1814–1897), English activist and writer - Elaine ShowalterElaine ShowalterElaine Showalter is an American literary critic, feminist, and writer on cultural and social issues. She is one of the founders of feminist literary criticism in United States academia, developing the concept and practice of gynocritics.She is well known and respected in both academic and popular...
- Ruth SimpsonRuth SimpsonRuth Simpson was the founder of the United States' first lesbian community center, an author, and former president of Daughters of Bilitis, New York....
- Barbara SmithBarbara SmithBarbara Smith in Cleveland is an American, lesbian feminist who has played a significant role in building and sustaining Black Feminism in the United States. Since the early 1970s she has been active as an innovative critic, teacher, lecturer, author, independent scholar, and publisher of Black...
- Dame Ethel Mary Smyth
- Valerie SolanasValerie SolanasValerie Jean Solanas was an American radical feminist writer, best known for her attempted murder of Andy Warhol in 1968. She wrote the SCUM Manifesto, which called for male gendercide and the creation of an all-female society.-Early life:Solanas was born in Ventnor City, New Jersey, to Louis...
- Donita SparksDonita SparksDonita Sparks is a vocalist, guitarist and song-writer in Los Angeles, California. In addition to performing with her most recent band Donita Sparks and The Stellar Moments, she is also the co-founder, along with Suzi Gardner, of grunge band L7...
, musician - Anna Garlin SpencerAnna Garlin SpencerAnna Garlin Spencer was an American educator, feminist, and Unitarian minister. Born in Attleboro, MA, she married the Rev. William H. Spencer in 1878. She was a leader in the women's suffrage and peace movements. In 1891 she became the first woman ordained as a minister in the state of Rhode...
- Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton was an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement...
- Anna SterkyAnna SterkyAne Catherine "Anna" Sterky, née Nielsen Danish-Swedish politician , trade union organiser, feminist and editor.Sterky worked as a seamstress in Denmark, were she was active in the Danish trade union movement...
- Helene StöckerHelene StöckerHelene Stöcker was a German feminist, pacifist and sexual reformer. Stöcker was raised in a Calvinist household and attended a school for girls which emphasized rationality and morality...
- Lucy StoneLucy StoneLucy Stone was a prominent American abolitionist and suffragist, and a vocal advocate and organizer promoting rights for women. In 1847, Stone was the first woman from Massachusetts to earn a college degree. She spoke out for women's rights and against slavery at a time when women were discouraged...
- Marie StopesMarie StopesMarie Carmichael Stopes was a British author, palaeobotanist, campaigner for women's rights and pioneer in the field of birth control...
- Mary StottMary StottMary Stott was a British feminist and journalist. Stott was a journalist and columnist on the "Women's Page" of The Guardian....
, British feminist journalist - Karlina Leksono SupelliKarlina Leksono SupelliKarlina Leksono Supelli is an Indonesian philosopher and astronomer. One of Indonesia's first female astronomers, she obtained her MSc in Space Science from the University College London, but switched to philosophy and her completed her doctorate at Universitas Indonesia in 1997.She has also been...
, Indonesian feminist - Kazimiera SzczukaKazimiera SzczukaKazimiera Szczuka is a Polish literary historian, literary critic and television personality, known from the Polish edition of The Weakest Link....
, Polish feminist, journalist, and critic and theoretician of the literature - TáhirihTáhirihTáhirih or Qurratu'l-`Ayn are both titles of Fátimih Baraghání , an influential poet and theologian of the Bábí Faith in Iran. Her life, influence and execution made her a key figure of the religion...
(1814/20–1852), Bahá'í poet, philosopher, and theologian - Elisabeth TammElisabeth TammElisabeth Tamm known in the parliament as Tamm i Fogelstad was a Swedish Politician and feminist....
- Joan Kennedy TaylorJoan Kennedy TaylorJoan Kennedy Taylor was an American journalist, author, editor, public intellectual, and political activist. She is best known for her advocacy of individualist feminism and for her role in the development of the modern American libertarian movement.-Early life:Taylor was born in Manhattan to...
- Thomas ThorildThomas ThorildThomas Thorild , was a Swedish poet, critic, feminist and philosopher....
(1759–1808), Swedish poet and feminist - J. Ann TicknerJ. Ann TicknerJ. Ann Tickner is a feminist international relations theorist. She is a professor at the School of International Relations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles...
, International RelationsInternational relationsInternational relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...
scholar - Sojourner TruthSojourner TruthSojourner Truth was the self-given name, from 1843 onward, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son, she...
- Harriet TubmanHarriet TubmanHarriet Tubman Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Harriet Ross; (1820 – 1913) was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves...
- Urvashi VaidUrvashi VaidUrvashi Vaid is an American activist who has worked for over 25 years promoting civil rights for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons.- Political activism :...
- Wil van GoghWil van GoghWillemina Jacoba van Gogh , called Wil, was the youngest sister of the artist Vincent van Gogh and the art dealer Theo van Gogh. She was amongst the earliest feminists....
- Peng Wan-ruPeng Wan-ruPeng Wan-ru was a feminist Taiwanese politician. The director of the Democratic Progressive Party's Women's Affairs Department, Peng advocated for the safety and development of women...
- Nesta Helen Webster, early 20th-century U.K.United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
conservative - Trude Weiss-RosmarinTrude Weiss-RosmarinTrude Weiss-Rosmarin was a Jewish-German-American writer, editor, scholar, and feminist activist. With her husband, she co-founded the School of the Jewish Woman in New York in 1933, and in 1939 founded the Jewish Spectator, a quarterly magazine, which she edited for 50 years.She was the author of...
- Joss WhedonJoss WhedonJoseph Hill "Joss" Whedon is an American screenwriter, executive producer, director, comic book writer, occasional composer and actor, founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-creator of Bellwether Pictures...
, writer-director and creator of Buffy the Vampire Slayer - Anna WhitlockAnna WhitlockAnna Whitlock , was a Swedish school pioneer and feminist. Daughter of the merchant Gustaf Whitlock and Sophie Forsgrén and sister of the feminist Ellen Whitlock....
, Swedish suffragette and school reformer - Karolina WiderströmKarolina WiderströmKarolina Olivia Widerström, , was a Swedish doctor and gynecologist. She was the first official female physician with a university education in her country. She was also a feminist and a politician, and engaged in the questions of sexual education and female suffrage...
- Frances WillardFrances Willard (suffragist)Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution...
(1839–1898), American educator, temperance reformer, and suffragist - Charlotte WilsonCharlotte WilsonCharlotte M. Wilson was an English anarchist who co-founded Freedom newspaper in 1886 with Peter Kropotkin, and edited, published, and largely financed it during its first decade...
- Monique WittigMonique WittigMonique Wittig was a French author and feminist theorist who wrote about overcoming socially enforced gender roles and who coined the phrase "heterosexual contract". She published her first novel, L'Opoponax, in 1964...
- Alice WolfsonAlice WolfsonAlice Wolfson, a Barnard graduate and former Fulbright Scholar, is a veteran political activist in women's reproductive health issues, a lawyer, and a co-founder of the National Women's Health Network....
- Mary WollstonecraftMary WollstonecraftMary Wollstonecraft was an eighteenth-century British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book...
(1759–1797), author of A Vindication of the Rights of WomanA Vindication of the Rights of WomanA Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects , written by the 18th-century British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the 18th... - Victoria WoodhullVictoria WoodhullVictoria Claflin Woodhull was an American leader of the woman's suffrage movement, an advocate of free love; together with her sister, the first women to operate a brokerage in Wall Street; the first women to start a weekly newspaper; an activist for women's rights and labor reforms and, in 1872,...
- Virginia WoolfVirginia WoolfAdeline Virginia Woolf was an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century....
- Frances WrightFrances WrightFrances Wright also widely known as Fanny Wright, was a Scottish-born lecturer, writer, freethinker, feminist, abolitionist, and social reformer, who became a U. S. citizen in 1825...
- Elizabeth WurtzelElizabeth WurtzelElizabeth Lee Wurtzel is an American corporate attorney, writer and journalist, known for her work in the confessional memoir genre. She is a graduate of Harvard College and Yale Law School.-Early life:...
, author of Bitch and Prozac Nation - Cathy YoungCathy YoungCathy Young is a Russian American journalist and writer whose books and articles, as well as columns which appear in the libertarian monthly Reason, and also weekly in The Boston Globe, primarily espouse equality feminism and libertarianism.-Life and Career:Born in Moscow, the capital of what was...
- Sande ZeigSande ZeigSande Zeig is an American film director and writer. She was the partner of late French feminist writer Monique Wittig. She directed the 2000 romantic drama The Girl.-Biography:...
- Clara ZetkinClara ZetkinClara Zetkin was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and fighter for women's rights. In 1910, she organized the first International Women's Day....
- Rote ZoraRote ZoraRote Zora was a militant feminist group active in West Germany from 1974-95, known for a series of bombings.-History:Rote Zora started in 1974, when they bombed the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Karlsruhe to protest against the abortion law....
Second-wave feminists
- Bella AbzugBella AbzugBella Savitsky Abzug was an American lawyer, Congresswoman, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus...
- Gloria E. AnzaldúaGloria E. AnzaldúaGloria Evangelina Anzaldúa was considered a leading scholar of Chicano cultural theory and Queer theory. She loosely based her most well-known book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza on her life growing up on the Mexican-Texas border and incorporated her lifelong feelings of social and...
- Ti-Grace AtkinsonTi-Grace AtkinsonTi-Grace Atkinson is an American feminist author.Atkinson was born into a prominent Louisiana family. The "Ti" in her name reflects the Cajun or French language petite, for little....
- Lorraine BethelLorraine BethelLorraine Bethel is an African American lesbian feminist poet and author. She is a graduate of Yale University.Bethel has taught and lectured on black women's literature and black female culture at various institutions...
- Susan BrownmillerSusan BrownmillerSusan Brownmiller is an American feminist, journalist, author, and activist. She is best known for her pioneering work on the politics of rape in her 1975 book Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, Brownmiller argues that rape had been hitherto defined by men rather than women; and that men use,...
- Charlotte BunchCharlotte BunchCharlotte Bunch is an American activist, author and organizer in women's and human rights movements.A Board of Governor’s Distinguished Service Professor in Women's and Gender Studies, Bunch founded Washington D.C...
- Beatrix CampbellBeatrix CampbellMary Lorimer Beatrix Campbell, OBE is a British campaigning journalist and author.Since the mid 1970s, she has published numerous articles and book reviews in such publications as Marxism Today, Red Rag, Time Out, Feminist Review, New Statesman, New Socialist, The Guardian, The Independent,...
- Thérèse CasgrainThérèse CasgrainMarie Thérèse Forget Casgrain, was a feminist, reformer, politician and senator in Quebec, Canada.Thérèse Casgrain was raised in a wealthy family, the daughter of Lady Blanche MacDonald and Sir Rodolphe Forget...
- Shirley St. Hill ChisholmShirley ChisholmShirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm was an American politician, educator, and author. She was a Congresswoman, representing New York's 12th Congressional District for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In 1968, she became the first black woman elected to Congress...
- Sandra ConeySandra ConeySandra Lorraine Coney, QSO is a New Zealand feminist and women's health campaigner who is currently an Auckland Councillor.-Activist career:...
- Sonja Davies
- Angela DavisAngela DavisAngela Davis is an American political activist, scholar, and author. Davis was most politically active during the late 1960s through the 1970s and was associated with the Communist Party USA, the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Panther Party...
- Simone de BeauvoirSimone de BeauvoirSimone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir , was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. She wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and...
- Carol DownerCarol DownerCarol Downer is an American feminist lawyer and non-fiction author who has focused her career on abortion rights.She and Lorraine Rothman were leaders of a group that founded the in Los Angeles, California, in 1971...
- Cynthia EnloeCynthia Enloe-Biography:Born in 1938, Cynthia Enloe spent her early life on Long Island in a New York suburb. After completing her undergraduate education at Connecticut College in 1960 , she went on to earn an M.A. in 1963 and a Ph.D...
- Myrlie EversMyrlie Evers-WilliamsSynopsisEarly LifeLife with MedgarMedgar Evers MurderLife After Medgar'NAACP/ HonorsAccomplishmentsWhoopi Goldberg played her in Ghosts of Mississippi...
- Susan FaludiSusan FaludiSusan C. Faludi is an American feminist, journalist and author. She won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1991, for a report on the leveraged buyout of Safeway Stores, Inc., a report that the Pulitzer Prize committee thought showed the "human costs of high finance".-Biographical...
- Melissa FarleyMelissa FarleyMelissa Farley is an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence....
- Clara FraserClara FraserClara Fraser was a feminist and socialist political organizer, who co-founded and led the Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women.-Early life:...
- Elizabeth "Betty" Bloomer FordBetty FordElizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford , better known as Betty Ford, was First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977 during the presidency of her husband Gerald Ford...
- Gerald FordGerald FordGerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974...
- Jo FreemanJo FreemanJo Freeman is an American feminist, political scientist, writer and attorney. As a student at the University of California, Berkeley in the 1960s, she became active in organizations working for civil liberties and the civil rights movement...
(JoreenJo FreemanJo Freeman is an American feminist, political scientist, writer and attorney. As a student at the University of California, Berkeley in the 1960s, she became active in organizations working for civil liberties and the civil rights movement...
) - Marilyn French
- Betty FriedanBetty FriedanBetty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist.A leading figure in the Women's Movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the "second wave" of American feminism in the twentieth century...
- Carol GilliganCarol GilliganCarol Gilligan is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist best known for her work with and against Lawrence Kohlberg on ethical community and ethical relationships, and certain subject-object problems in ethics. She is currently a Professor at New York University and a Visiting Professor...
- Heide Göttner-AbendrothHeide Göttner-AbendrothHeide Göttner-Abendroth is a German feminist advocating a branch of feminist anthropology known as Matriarchy Studies , focusing on the study of matriarchal or matrilineal societies.-Life:Göttner-Abendroth was born during World War II, and at the age of 12 escaped from East Germany to West...
, German - Germaine GreerGermaine GreerGermaine Greer is an Australian writer, academic, journalist and scholar of early modern English literature, widely regarded as one of the most significant feminist voices of the later 20th century....
- Carol HanischCarol HanischCarol Hanisch is a radical feminist and was an important member of New York Radical Women and Redstockings. She is best known for popularizing the phrase "The Personal is Political" in a 1969 essay of the same name. She was a leader of the feminist movement that protested the Miss America Pageant...
- Donna HarawayDonna HarawayDonna J. Haraway is currently a Distinguished Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, United States...
- Bertha HarrisBertha HarrisBertha Harris was an American lesbian novelist. Born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, she moved to New York City in the 1960s. She is highly regarded by critics and admirers, but her novels are less familiar to the broader public.-Career and published works:She is best known for her stylistically...
- Nancy HartsockNancy HartsockNancy Hartsock is a feminist philosopher. She is known for her work in feminist epistemology and standpoint theory, especially the essay "The Feminist Standpoint", which also integrates Melanie Klein's theories on psychoanalysis and the Oedipal crisis...
- Dorothy HewettDorothy HewettDorothy Coade Hewett was an Australian feminist poet, novelist, librettist and playwright. She was also a member of the Communist Party of Australia, though she clashed on many occasions with the party's leadership.-Early life:Hewett was born in Perth and was brought up on a sheep and wheat farm...
- bell hooksBell hooksGloria Jean Watkins , better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist....
- Sheila JeffreysSheila JeffreysSheila Jeffreys is a lesbian feminist scholar and political activist, known for her analysis of the history and politics of sexuality in Britain. She is a professor in Political Science at the University of Melbourne in Australia...
- Florynce KennedyFlorynce KennedyFlorynce "Flo" Kennedy , was a U.S. lawyer, activist, civil rights advocate, and feminist.- Early life :...
- Coretta Scott KingCoretta Scott KingCoretta Scott King was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.Mrs...
- Anne KoedtAnne KoedtAnne Koedt is a United States radical feminist and NY based author of The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm, 1970, the classic feminist work on women's sexuality...
- Peggy KorneggerPeggy KorneggerPeggy Kornegger is a writer and editor whose work has appeared in a wide variety of feminist, spiritual, and political publications, including Spirit of Change, Bay Windows, Sojourner, Second Wave, Sinister Wisdom, and Plexus. In the 1970s, she was an editor of Second Wave magazine and the book...
- Jacqueline LivingstonJacqueline LivingstonJacqueline Louise Livingston is an American photographer known for her work exploring woman's role as artist and person and investigating the boundaries of intimacy and propriety.-Life and career:...
- Angela MasonAngela MasonAngela Margaret Mason CBE is a British civil servant and activist, and a former director of the UK-based lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender lobbying organisation Stonewall...
(1944-), British - Kate MillettKate MillettKate Millett is an American lesbian feminist writer and activist. A seminal influence on second-wave feminism, Millet is best known for her 1970 book Sexual Politics.-Career:...
- Robin MorganRobin MorganRobin Morgan is a former child actor turned American radical feminist activist, writer, poet, and editor of Sisterhood is Powerful and Ms. Magazine....
- Ann OakleyAnn OakleyAnn Oakley is a distinguished British sociologist, feminist, and writer. She is Professor and Founder-Director of the Social Science Research Unit at the Institute of Education, University of London and in 2005 partially retired from full-time academic work to concentrate on her writing and...
- Griselda PollockGriselda PollockGriselda Pollock is a prominent art historian and cultural analyst, and a world-renowned scholar of international, post-colonial feminist studies in the visual arts. She is best known for her theoretical and methodological innovation, combined with deeply engaged readings of historical and...
- Erin PizzeyErin PizzeyErin Patria Margaret Pizzey is a British family care activist and a best-selling novelist. She became internationally famous for having started one of the first Women's refuges in the modern world, Chiswick Women's Aid, in 1971, the organisation known today as Refuge...
- Janice RaymondJanice RaymondJanice G. Raymond is a longtime feminist activist against violence, sexual exploitation and the "medical abuse" of cissexual women, as well as for her writings and activism against transsexualism...
- Bernice Johnson ReagonBernice Johnson ReagonBernice Johnson Reagon is a singer, composer, scholar, and social activist, who founded the a cappella ensemble Sweet Honey in the Rock in 1973.-Early life and education:...
- Helen ReddyHelen ReddyHelen Reddy , often referred to as "The Queen of 70s Pop", is an Australian-American singer and actress. In the 1970s, she enjoyed international success, especially in the United States, where she placed fifteen singles in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. Six of those 15 songs made the Top 10...
- Sheila RowbothamSheila RowbothamSheila Rowbotham is a British socialist feminist theorist and writer.-Early life:Rowbotham was born in Leeds, the daughter of a salesman for an engineering company and an office clerk From an early age, she was deeply interested in history...
, British - Joanna RussJoanna RussJoanna Russ was an American writer, academic and feminist. She is the author of a number of works of science fiction, fantasy and feminist literary criticism such as How to Suppress Women's Writing, as well as a contemporary novel, On Strike Against God, and one children's book, Kittatinny...
- Diana E. H. RussellDiana E. H. RussellDiana E. H. Russell is a radical feminist writer and activist. Born and raised in Cape Town, South Africa, she moved to England in 1957, and then to the United States of America in 1961. For the past 25 years she has been engaged in research on sexual violence against women and girls...
- Alice SchwarzerAlice SchwarzerAlice Schwarzer is the most prominent contemporary German feminist. She is founder and publisher of the German feminist journal EMMA.-Biography and positions:...
- Lynne SegalLynne SegalLynne Segal is an Australian-born, British-based socialist feminist academic and activist, author of many books and articles, and participant in many campaigns, from local community to international. She has taught in higher education in London, UK since 1970, at Middlesex Polytechnic from 1973...
- Kato ShidzueKato Shidzuewas a 20th Century Japanese feminist and one of the first women elected to the Diet of Japan. Katō was best known as a pioneer in the birth control movement and a strong supporter of labour reform.- Bio :...
, Japan - Ann SimontonAnn SimontonAnn J. Simonton is an American writer, lecturer, media activist, and former fashion model. She founded and coordinates the non-profit group "Media Watch", which challenges what they see as racism, sexism, and violence in the media through education and action. Simonton has published two...
- Eleanor SmealEleanor SmealEleanor Smeal is a feminist activist, political analyst, lobbyist, and grassroots organizer...
- Dale SpenderDale SpenderDale Spender is an Australian feminist scholar, teacher, writer and consultant.-Early life:Spender was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, a niece of the crime writer Jean Spender . The eldest of three, she has a younger sister Lynne, and a much younger brother Graeme. She attended the Burwood...
- Gloria SteinemGloria SteinemGloria Marie Steinem is an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s...
- Michele WallaceMichele WallaceMichele Faith Wallace is a feminist author and daughter of artist Faith Ringgold. She became famous in 1979 when, at age 27, she published Black Macho and The Myth of The Superwoman, a book in which she criticized black nationalism and sexism...
- Hilary WainwrightHilary WainwrightHilary Wainwright is a British socialist and feminist, best known for being editor of Red Pepper magazine.-Personal life:Hilary Wainwright's father was the Liberal MP Richard Wainwright, and her brother, Martin, is the Northern Editor of The Guardian, to which she occasionally contributes.She...
- Molly YardMolly YardMary Alexander "Molly" Yard was an American feminist of the late 20th century, who, through service as an assistant to Eleanor Roosevelt in the middle of the century and later work as a U.S...
Third-wave feminists
- Tori AmosTori AmosTori Amos is an American pianist, singer-songwriter and composer. She was at the forefront of a number of female singer-songwriters in the early 1990s and was noteworthy early in her career as one of the few alternative rock performers to use a piano as her primary instrument...
- Gloria E. AnzaldúaGloria E. AnzaldúaGloria Evangelina Anzaldúa was considered a leading scholar of Chicano cultural theory and Queer theory. She loosely based her most well-known book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza on her life growing up on the Mexican-Texas border and incorporated her lifelong feelings of social and...
- Margaret AtwoodMargaret AtwoodMargaret Eleanor Atwood, is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is among the most-honoured authors of fiction in recent history; she is a winner of the Arthur C...
- Jennifer BaumgardnerJennifer BaumgardnerJennifer Baumgardner is an author, filmmaker, and third-wave feminist activist.-Early and personal life:Baumgardner grew up in Fargo, North Dakota and attended Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, graduating in 1992...
- Melissa BennMelissa BennMelissa Ann Benn is a British journalist and writer. She is the only daughter of Tony and Caroline Benn.Benn was born in Hammersmith, London. She has two older brothers, Stephen and Hilary, and a younger brother, Joshua. She attended Holland Park School and graduated with a first in History from...
- Giannina BraschiGiannina BraschiGiannina Braschi is a Puerto Rican writer. She is credited with writing the first Spanglish novel YO-YO BOING! and the poetry trilogy Empire of Dreams , which chronicles the Latin American immigrant's experiences in the United States...
- Susie BrightSusie BrightSusannah "Susie" Bright is an American writer, speaker, teacher, audio-show host, and performer, all on the subject of sexuality....
- Carrie BrownsteinCarrie BrownsteinCarrie Rachel Brownstein , is an American musician, writer, and actress, best known as a guitarist and vocalist in the now-defunct Portland, Oregon-based band Sleater-Kinney...
- Judith ButlerJudith ButlerJudith Butler is an American post-structuralist philosopher, who has contributed to the fields of feminism, queer theory, political philosophy, and ethics. She is a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley.Butler received her Ph.D...
- Margaret ChoMargaret ChoMargaret Cho is an American comedian, fashion designer, actress, author, and recording artist. Cho is best known for her stand-up routines, through which she critiques social and political problems, especially those pertaining to race and sexuality. She has also directed and appeared in music...
- Meg Waite ClaytonMeg Waite ClaytonMeg Waite Clayton is the bestselling author of The Four Ms. Bradwells, The Wednesday Sisters, and The Language of Light. Clayton's first novel, The Language of Light, was a finalist for Barbara Kingsolver's Bellwether Prize. Her novel The Wednesday Sisters became a national bestseller and a...
- Patricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill Collins, is Distinguished University Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park, former head of the Department of African American Studies at the University of Cincinnati and past President of the American Sociological Association Council...
, author of Black Feminist Thought - Kimberly DarkKimberly DarkKimberly Dark is an American performance artist, writer, and sociologist. Born in San Diego, California, she received a B.A. from University of Colorado, Colorado Springs in 1989, and an M.A. in Sociology from Cal State San Marcos in 1998. She began her work as a storyteller and performance artist...
- Ani DiFrancoAni DiFrancoAni DiFranco is an American Grammy Award-winning singer, guitarist, poet, and songwriter. She has released more than 20 albums, and is widely considered a feminist icon.-Biography:...
- Martha DavisMartha Davis (author)Martha F. Davis is a professor of law at Northeastern University in Boston. She authored the book Brutal Need, a study of the welfare rights movement of 1960 to 1973, and is a native of Kansas....
- Donna DreschDonna DreschDonna Dresch is an American punk rock musician, perhaps best known as founder, guitarist and bass guitarist of Team Dresch and the Queen of Grunge....
- Betty DodsonBetty DodsonBetty Dodson is an American sex educator, author, and artist. Dodson held the first one-woman show of erotic art at the Wickersham Gallery in New York City in 1968. She left the art world to teach sex to women...
- Johanna FatemanJohanna FatemanJohanna Fateman is a writer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. She is a member of the post-punk rock band Le Tigre and founded the band MEN with Le Tigre bandmate JD Samson.-Background and career:...
- Tavi GevinsonTavi GevinsonTavi Gevinson is an American fashion blogger. She began her blog, "Style Rookie" on March 31, 2008 at age 11. Initially, her parents did not completely know what Tavi was doing until she asked for their permission to appear in a New York Times magazine story...
- Emily HainesEmily HainesEmily Haines is a Canadian indie rock singer-songwriter. She is the lead singer and keyboardist of the band Metric and a member of Broken Social Scene. As a solo artist, she performed with her own name and under the alias Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton...
- Kathleen HannaKathleen HannaKathleen Hanna is an American musician, feminist activist, and punk zine writer. In the early- to mid-1990s she was the lead singer and songwriter of Bikini Kill, before fronting Le Tigre in the late 1990s and early 2000s...
- Donna HarawayDonna HarawayDonna J. Haraway is currently a Distinguished Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, United States...
- bell hooksBell hooksGloria Jean Watkins , better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist....
- Holly HunterHolly HunterHolly Hunter is an American actress. Hunter starred in The Piano for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She has also been nominated for Oscars for her roles in Broadcast News, The Firm, and Thirteen...
- Joan JettJoan JettJoan Jett is an American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and actress.She is best known for her work with Joan Jett & the Blackhearts including their hit cover "I Love Rock 'n' Roll", which was #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1, 1982, as well as for their other popular...
- Miranda JulyMiranda JulyMiranda July is a performing artist, writer, actress and film director. Born Miranda Jennifer Grossinger, she works under the surname of "July," which can be traced to a character from a "girlzine" Miranda created with high school friend Johanna Fateman, called Snarla.- Background :Miranda...
- Marcelle KarpMarcelle KarpMarcelle Karp, a.k.a Betty Boob, , is an American feminist writer, editor, and television director and producer.She worked as a television producer and director for Lifetime, Fox, and HBO, and has written for Spin, Details, and Jane magazines.In 1993, Karp and Debbie Stoller produced the first...
- Jamie KeilesJamie KeilesJamie Keiles is an American blogger and feminist writer. She is most notable for , a blog chronicling her attempt to follow the advice of Seventeen Magazine for 30 days.- Biography :...
- Jean KilbourneJean KilbourneJean Kilbourne, Ed.D. is a feminist author, speaker, and filmmaker who is internationally recognized for her work on the image of women in advertising and her critical studies of alcohol and tobacco advertising...
- Barbara KingsolverBarbara KingsolverBarbara Kingsolver is an American novelist, essayist and poet. She was raised in rural Kentucky and lived briefly in the former Republic of Congo in her early childhood. Kingsolver earned degrees in biology at DePauw University and the University of Arizona and worked as a freelance writer before...
- Ariel LevyAriel LevyAriel Levy is a staff writer at The New Yorker magazine and author of the book Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture. Her work has appeared in The Washington Post, The New Yorker, Vogue, Slate, Men's Journal and Blender...
- Rosie Malek-YonanRosie Malek-YonanRosie Malek-Yonan is an Assyrian actress, author, director, public figure and human rights activist.-Early life:Born in Tehran, Iran, Rosie Malek-Yonan is a descendant of one of the oldest and most prominent Assyrian families, tracing her Assyrian roots back nearly 11 centuries...
, activist and author of The Crimson Field - Miranda Mammen
- Inga MuscioInga MuscioInga Muscio, , is a feminist, anti-racist writer and public speaker.She became famous after the publication of her 1998 Seal Press book Cunt: A Declaration of Independence, which called for women to break down boundaries between themselves and their bodies, and each other.She is also the author of...
- Kathy NajimyKathy NajimyKathy Ann Najimy is an American actress, most notable as Olive Massery on the television series Veronica's Closet, Sister Mary Patrick in Sister Act and the voice of Peggy Hill on the animated television series King of the Hill. Prior to her film work, she was best known for two Off Broadway shows...
- Sandra OhSandra OhSandra Oh is a Canadian actress. She is best known for the role of Dr. Cristina Yang on ABC's Grey's Anatomy, for which she has won a Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild award. She also played notable roles in the feature films Under the Tuscan Sun and Sideways, and had a supporting role on the...
- Alicia OstrikerAlicia OstrikerAlicia Suskin Ostriker is an American poet and scholar who writes Jewish feminist poetry.Alicia is married to the noted astronomer Jeremiah Ostriker who taught at Princeton University...
- Ellen PageEllen PageEllen Philpotts-Page , known professionally as Ellen Page, is a Canadian actress. Page received both Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Actress for her role as the title character in the film Juno...
- PeachesPeaches (musician)Merrill Beth Nisker , better known by her stage name Peaches, is a Canadian electronic musician and performance artist who lives in Berlin, Germany. Her songs are noted for disregarding traditional gender norms and their use of sexually explicit lyrics...
- Liz PhairLiz PhairPhair's entry into the music industry began when she met guitarist Chris Brokaw, a member of the band Come. Brokaw and Phair moved to San Francisco together, and Phair tried to become an artist there...
- Maria RahaMaria RahaMaria Raha is an American author and rock journalist from New York. She graduated from Ithaca College.She specializes in the American rock underground...
- JD SamsonJD SamsonJD Samson is the stage name of Jocelyn Samson, a member of the feminist electropunk band Le Tigre. Samson grew up in the Cleveland suburb of Pepper Pike, Ohio and attended Orange High School. She came out as a lesbian at age 15...
- Fia-Stina Sandlund
- Marie-Laure Sauty de ChalonMarie-Laure Sauty de ChalonMarie-Laure Sauty de Chalon is a French businesswoman and feminist. She is currently the CEO of the auFeminin.com group, Europe's leading Internet portal dedicated to women's content. Le Figaro went further, calling her company number one in that category...
- Gudrun SchymanGudrun SchymanGudrun Schyman is a Swedish politician. She served as leader of the Swedish Left Party from 1993 until January 2003. She remained a member of the Left Party until 2004, when she left to focus entirely on her feminist political work...
- Joan SmithJoan Smith (novelist and journalist)Joan Alison Smith is an English novelist, journalist and human rights activist, who is a former chair of the Writers in Prison committee in the English section of International PEN.-Life and work:...
- Rickie Solinger
- Annie SprinkleAnnie SprinkleAnnie M. Sprinkle is an American former prostitute, stripper, pornographic actress, cable television host, porn magazine editor, writer and sex film producer...
- Debbie StollerDebbie StollerDebbie Stoller is a New York Times best-selling American author, publisher and feminist pundit whose work includes magazines as well as books. She lives in Brooklyn, New York City, New York....
- Nadine StrossenNadine StrossenNadine Strossen was president of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008. She was the first woman and the youngest person to ever lead the ACLU. A professor at New York Law School, Professor Strossen sits on the Council on Foreign Relations...
- Lili TaylorLili TaylorLili Anne Taylor is an American actress notable for her appearances in such award-winning indie films as Mystic Pizza, Say Anything..., Short Cuts and I Shot Andy Warhol, and the acclaimed TV show Six Feet Under....
- Corin TuckerCorin TuckerCorin Lisa Tucker is a singer and guitarist, best known for her work with rock band Sleater-Kinney.- Early life :In the early 1990s, Tucker attended Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, where she studied film, political economy, and social change...
- Robin TunneyRobin TunneyRobin Jessica Tunney is an American actress. She is best known for her lead roles in the movie The Craft and the television series Prison Break and The Mentalist.-Early life:...
- Tobi VailTobi VailTobi Vail is an independent musician, DIY zinester, and feminist activist from Olympia, Washington, noted primarily as the drummer of the defunct punk band Bikini Kill. She formed one of her first bands as the drummer for The Go Team when she was 15, later collaborating in several other groups...
- Jessica Valenti
- Rebecca WalkerRebecca WalkerRebecca Walker is an American writer. She has been named by Time Magazine as one of the 50 future leaders of America.-Early life:...
- Natasha WalterNatasha WalterNatasha Walter is a British feminist writer and human rights activist. She is the author of Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism and The New Feminism , and is the director of Women for Refugee Women ....
- Kaia WilsonKaia WilsonKaia Wilson is a musician from Portland, Oregon, best known as a founding member of both Team Dresch, a revered 1990s queercore punk band, and The Butchies, a pop-rock spin-off from her solo work. In addition to singing, songwriting and guitar, Wilson co-established and operated Mr...
- Naomi WolfNaomi WolfNaomi Wolf is an American author and political consultant. With the publication of The Beauty Myth, she became a leading spokesperson of what was later described as the third wave of the feminist movement.-Biography:...
- Allison WolfeAllison Wolfe-Background:Born an identical twin in Memphis, Tennessee on November 9, 1969, Allison played a significant role in the formation of the riot grrrl movement of the 90s. She grew up in Olympia, Washington, with mother Pat Shively and sisters Cindy and Molly Wolfe...
- Julie Zeilinger
- Priya Madhok
Ecofeminists
- Carol J. Adams
- Helene AylonHelene AylonHelène Aylon is an American multimedia ecofeminist artist. Her work can be divided into three phases: Process art in the '70s; anti-nuclear art in the '80s; and The G-d Project, a feminist commentary on the Hebrew Bible and other established traditions, in the '90s and 2000s.Aylon was raised in...
- Judi BariJudi BariJudi Bari was an American environmentalist and labor leader, a feminist, and the principal organizer of Earth First! campaigns against logging in the ancient redwood forests of Northern California in the 1980s and '90...
- Bernadette CozartBernadette CozartBernadette Cozart was an African American professional gardener, botanist and urban gardening advocate. She worked for a time with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation...
- Mary DalyMary DalyMary Daly was an American radical feminist philosopher, academic, and theologian. Daly, who described herself as a "radical lesbian feminist", taught at Boston College, a Jesuit-run institution, for 33 years. Daly retired in 1999, after violating university policy by refusing to allow male...
- Françoise d'EaubonneFrançoise d'EaubonneFrançoise d'Eaubonne was a French feminist, who introduced the term ecofeminism in 1974....
- Lois Marie Gibbs
- Charlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform...
- Susan GriffinSusan GriffinSusan Griffin is an eco-feminist author. She describes her work as "draw[ing] connections between the destruction of nature, the diminishment of women and racism, and trac[ing] the causes of war to denial in both private and public life." She received a MacArthur grant for Peace and International...
- Petra KellyPetra KellyPetra Karin Kelly was a German politician and activist. She was instrumental in founding the German Green Party, the first Green party to rise to prominence worldwide.- Early life :...
- Anna KingsfordAnna KingsfordAnna Kingsford, née Bonus , was an English anti-vivisection, vegetarian and women's rights campaigner.She was of the first English women to obtain a degree in medicine, after Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, and the only medical student at the time to graduate without having experimented on a single...
- Winona LaDukeWinona LaDukeWinona LaDuke is a Native American activist, environmentalist, economist, and writer. In 1996 and 2000, she ran for vice president as the nominee of the United States Green Party, on a ticket headed by Ralph Nader. In the 2004 election, however, she endorsed one of Nader's opponents, Democratic...
- Wangari MaathaiWangari MaathaiWangari Muta Mary Jo Maathai was a Kenyan environmental and political activist. She was educated in the United States at Mount St. Scholastica and the University of Pittsburgh, as well as the University of Nairobi in Kenya...
- Maria MiesMaria MiesMaria Mies is a professor of sociology and author of several influential feminist books, including Indian Women and Patriarchy , Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale , and Women: The Last Colony .She is Professor of Sociology at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences, which is a...
- Vandana ShivaVandana ShivaVandana Shiva , is a philosopher, environmental activist, and eco feminist. Shiva, currently based in Delhi, has authored more than 20 books and over 500 papers in leading scientific and technical journals. She was trained as a physicist and received her Ph.D...
- Monica SjooMonica SjööMonica Sjöö, , was a Swedish painter, writer and a radical anarcho/eco-feminist who was influential in the Goddess movement. She first came to Britain in the late 1950th and eventually settled in Bristol where she lived for many years, before she died of cancer...
- Charlene SpretnakCharlene SpretnakCharlene Spretnak is an American author, activist, academic, and feminist. Born in 1946 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Spretnak was raised in Columbus, Ohio. She earned her B.A. from St. Louis University and her M.A. in English and American literature from the University of California, Berkeley, in...
- StarhawkStarhawkStarhawk is an American writer and activist. She is well known as a theorist of Paganism, and is one of the foremost popular voices of ecofeminism. She is a columnist for Beliefnet.com and On Faith, the Newsweek/Washington Post online forum on religion...
French feminists
- Olympe AudouardOlympe AudouardOlympe Audouard was a French feminist who demanded complete equality for women, including the rights to vote and to stand for election....
- Hubertine AuclertHubertine AuclertHubertine Auclert was a leading French feminist and a campaigner for women's suffrage.Born in the Allier département in the Auvergne area of France into a middle-class family, Hubertine Auclert's father died when she was thirteen years old and her mother sent her to live and study in a Roman...
- Marie BashkirtseffMarie BashkirtseffMarie Bashkirtseff was a Ukrainian-born diarist, painter and sculptor....
- Hélène CixousHélène CixousHélène Cixous is a professor, French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician. She holds honorary degrees from Queen's University and the University of Alberta in Canada; University College Dublin in Ireland; the University of York and University College...
- Simone de BeauvoirSimone de BeauvoirSimone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir , was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. She wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and...
- Olympe de GougesOlympe de GougesOlympe de Gouges , born Marie Gouze, was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached a large audience....
- Christine DelphyChristine DelphyChristine Delphy is a French sociologist, feminist, writer and theorist. She was a co-founder of the review Nouvelles questions féministes with Simone de Beauvoir in 1977.-Biography:...
- Maria DeraismesMaria DeraismesMaria Deraismes was a French author and major pioneering force for women's rights.- Biography :Born in Paris, Maria Deraismes grew up in Pontoise in the city's northwest outskirts...
- Fatou DiomeFatou DiomeFatou Diome is a Senegalese writer, known for her bestselling novel The Belly of the Atlantic published in 2001. Her work explores immigrant life in France, and the relationship between France and Africa. Fatou Diome currently lives in Strasbourg, France.-Biography:Fatou Diome was born in Niodior...
- Marguerite DurandMarguerite DurandMarguerite Durand was a French stage actress, journalist, and a leading suffragette.-Biography:Born into a middle-class family, Marguerite Durand was sent to study at a Roman Catholic convent...
- Bracha L. EttingerBracha L. EttingerBracha L. Ettinger also known as Bracha Ettinger, Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, Hebrew: ברכה אטינגר, ברכה ליכטנברג-אטינגר, is an artist, painter, photographer, theorist and psychoanalyst. Bracha L. Ettinger is a Professor at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland...
- Colette GuillauminColette GuillauminColette Guillaumin, born in 1934, is a sociologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and a French feminist.-Bibliography:...
- Sibylle Gabrielle Marie Antoinette Riqueti de MirabeauSibylle Gabrielle Marie Antoinette Riqueti de MirabeauSibylle Aimée Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau, Comtesse de Martel de Janville was a French writer who wrote under the pseudonym GYP....
- Luce IrigarayLuce IrigarayLuce Irigaray is a Belgian feminist, philosopher, linguist, psychoanalyst, sociologist and cultural theorist. She is best known for her works Speculum of the Other Woman and This Sex Which Is Not One .-Biography:...
- Julia KristevaJulia KristevaJulia Kristeva is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, psychoanalyst, sociologist, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a Professor at the University Paris Diderot...
- André Leo
- Anaïs NinAnaïs NinAnaïs Nin was a French-Cuban author, based at first in France and later in the United States, who published her journals, which span more than 60 years, beginning when she was 11 years old and ending shortly before her death, her erotic literature, and short stories...
- Madeleine PelletierMadeleine PelletierMadeleine Pelletier was a French physician, psychiatrist, first-wave feminist, and socialist activist.Pelletier originally trained as an anthropologist studying the relationship between skull size and intelligence after Paul Broca with Charles Letourneau and Léonce Manouvrier...
- Eugenie Potonie-PierreEugenie Potonie-PierreEugénie Potonié-Pierre was a French feminist who founded the Federation of French Feminist Societies in 1892.She joined the Society for the Amelioration of Women's Condition with Léon Richer and Maria Deraismes...
- Pauline RolandPauline RolandPauline Roland was a French feminist and socialist.Upon her mother's insistence, Roland received a good education and was introduced to the ideas of Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, the founder of French socialism, by one of her teachers. She became an enthusiastic supporter of his...
- Marie-Laure Sauty de ChalonMarie-Laure Sauty de ChalonMarie-Laure Sauty de Chalon is a French businesswoman and feminist. She is currently the CEO of the auFeminin.com group, Europe's leading Internet portal dedicated to women's content. Le Figaro went further, calling her company number one in that category...
- SéverineSeverineSeverine or Séverine can refer to:* the nom de plume of the French journalist Caroline Rémy de Guebhard* a pseudonym of the Hungarian model Eve Angel...
- Flora TristanFlora TristanFlora Tristan was a socialist writer and activist. She was also one of the founders of modern feminism...
Muslim feminists
- Leila AhmedLeila AhmedLeila Ahmed is an Egyptian American writer on Islam and Islamic feminism as well as being the first women's studies professor at Harvard Divinity School.- Background :...
- Qasim AminQasim AminQasim Amin born on 1 December 1863 Alexandria died April 22, 1908 Cairo was an Egyptian jurist and one of the founders of the Egyptian national movement and Cairo University. Qasim Amin was considered by many as the Arab world’s “first feminist”...
- Shirin EbadiShirin EbadiShirin Ebadi is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's,...
- Nawal el-Sadaawi
- Tahar HaddadTahar HaddadTahar Haddad was a Tunisian author, scholar and reformer.Haddad, was born in Tunis to a family of shopkeepers and attended the Great Mosque of Zitounia from 1911 until his graduation in 1920. He became a notary; he left this career to become a member of the Al-Destour, a political party...
- Zaib-un-Nissa HamidullahZaib-un-Nissa HamidullahZaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah was a pioneer of Pakistani literature and journalism in English, and also a pioneer of feminism in Pakistan, West Pakistan till 1971. She was Pakistan's first female columnist , editor, publisher and political commentator...
- Fatima Ahmed IbrahimFatima Ahmed IbrahimFatima Ahmed Ibrahim, , Sudanese writer, women rights activist and Socialist leader.-Early life:Fatima was born in Khartoum, her family one of educated family at that time,her grandfather was a headmaster to the first Sudanese School for boys and as the same time Imam in his neighborhood's mosque...
- Kartini, Indonesian
- Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani
- Elaheh KoulaeiElaheh KoulaeiElaheh Koulaei is an Iranian political scientist, reformist intellectual.Dr Koulaei is professor of political science at Tehran University and a member of the Islamic Iran Participation Front...
- Irshad ManjiIrshad ManjiIrshad Manji is a Canadian author, journalist and an advocate of "reform and progressive" interpretation of Islam. Manji is director of the Moral Courage Project at the Robert F...
- Fatima Mernissi
- Taslima NasrinTaslima NasrinTaslima Nasrin is a Bengali Bangladeshi ex-doctor turned author who has been living in exile since 1994. From a modest literary profile in the late 1980s, she rose to global fame by the end of the 20th century owing to her feminist views and her criticism of Islam in particular and of religion in...
, secular but of Muslim origin - Asra Nomani
- Marjane SatrapiMarjane SatrapiMarjane Satrapi is an Iranian-born French contemporary graphic novelist, illustrator, animated film director, and children's book author...
- Huda Shaarawi
- Shahla SherkatShahla SherkatShahla Sherkat is a journalist, prominent Persian feminist author, and one of the pioneers of Women's rights movement in Iran....