List of gymnastics terms
Encyclopedia
This is a general glossary of the terms used in the sport of gymnastics
.
AB: A scoring abbreviation for uneven bars, from the name Asymmetric Bars.
A-score: Under the current Code of Points, this score tallies the gymnast' counted skills, combinations and EGR. In theory, the A-score can be open-ended, depending on the skills the gymnast presents.
Acrobatic Gymnastics
: A discipline of gymnastics where partners work together to combine the tumbling and power of the floor exercise in artistic gymnastics with the flexibility and artistry of dance. Acrobatic gymnastics routines are performed on the floor apparatus.
All-around: A competition in which the athletes compete as individuals on all four (women) or six (men) events. Sometimes also written as all-round or all-around final.
All-arounder: A gymnast who is a strong competitor on all four (women) or six (men) events.
Apparatus: Specific equipment used in gymnastics.
Artistic gymnastics
: A discipline of gymnastics in which competitors perform upon apparatuses.
Arabesque: Standing on one leg with the other leg raised about 45 degrees
Back-to-back tumbling: A series of skills in which the gymnast executes a tumbling run from one corner of the mat to the other, rebounds, and performs another tumbling run in the other direction without stopping. Notably performed by Oksana Omelianchik
(URS), Daniela Silivaş
(ROU) and Dominique Dawes
(USA).
Balance: One of the three routines in acrobatic gymnastics, highlighted by static hold positions that demonstrate strength, agility and flexibility.
Balance beam: A gymnastics apparatus used by women in artistic gymnastics. It is a 4 inches (101.6 mm) platform upon which gymnastics perform tumbling and dance skills.
Ball
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. The ball rests in the gymnast's hands, is balanced on the body, and is thrown into the air and caught.
Base: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in pair and group competition that requires strength and balance. The base is usually an older, larger athlete.
Bib: The number worn on the gymnast's back, and used in the scoring and roster sheets, to identify them to the judges.
BB: The scoring abbreviation for Balance beam.
: The maneuver where one moves sideways, from hands to feet, in a straight line (in the motion that the wheel of a cart would follow), while keeping the back, arms, and legs straight, and the feet pointed.
Chalk: Carbonate of magnesia, used by gymnasts on their hands, feet and apparatus to make the surface of the equipment less slippery, or to mark lines on the mats.
Clubs: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics.
Code of Points
: The document that regulates scoring of each discipline.
Combined: Presented only during acrobatic gymnastics finals, the Combined routine features the elements of both the Balance and the Dynamic (Tempo) routines.
Dynamic: One of the three routines in acrobatic gymnastics, combining choreography with tumbling sequences and flight elements like throws.
Element group requirements: Under the current Code of Points, the specific required skills, or skill families, that the gymnast must show at some point in his or her routine on each event. For instance, on uneven bars, one of the EGRs is a release move. Currently, there are five EGR skills required on every event.
Elite: The highest competitive level in gymnastics, or a gymnast who competes at the highest level. The term is used in the USA, Australia and other nations, but is not universal.
Elementary Gymnastics:Is the type of gymnastics that older gymnasts in training use. It helps them to understand the elements and way of gymnastics.
: the international sports governing body for gymnastics. Its name is commonly abbreviated as "FIG".
Flight series: On balance beam, a series of acrobatic skills performed in combination from one end of the beam to the other.
Floor
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men and women in artistic gymnastics. The event performed upon this apparatus is known as Floor Exercise.
Floor Exercise: The event performed on the floor apparatus. Men and women perform choreographed routines that include tumbling and acrobatic skills.
FX: The scoring abbreviation for Floor Exercise.
Front Layout
Flyaway
Front tuck: The act of running, jumping off of 2 feet, turning in mid-air, and landing on the ground on 2 feet.
: A gymnastics skill in which a gymnastic performs a backwards somersault while moving forward.
Grip: See hand guard.
Gymnastics
: A sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, agility and coordination. It evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks, including skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and circus performance skills.
: A glove or wrist strap worn by gymnasts to protect the skin on their hands when they perform upon apparatuses.
HB: The scoring abbreviation for horizontal (or high) bar.
High Bar: See horizontal bar.
Hit: (v.) To perform a routine or skill to the best of one's ability, with no major errors or deductions. Example: "He hit the dismount." May also be used as an adjective to describe a routine performed well.
Hoop
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. It is a hollow hoop with an interior diameter of 80 to 90 cm.
Horizontal bar
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnasts. It consists of one 2.4m bar upon which gymnasts perform skills. It is also known as high bar.
on the uneven bars that is used at a way of getting on the bar in a front support position or a handstand from a hanging or standing position.
Kip
: A training skill in trampolining
.
Leotard
: A piece of clothing that comes in a variety of colors,shapes and sizes, and is used for gymnastics workouts and competitions.
Master of Sport: The term used to refer to a gymnast competing at the highest level of the sport in the USSR. Still used in Russia and other former Soviet republics.
Mat
: Safety equipment used in gymnastics to break falls.
Meet: A commonly used term for a gymnastics competition.
Middle: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in group competition that requires a combination of strength, balance, flexibility and power.
Mount: The act of getting onto an apparatus and the skill used to do it.
Number: See bib.
Out of bounds: Situation on floor exercise or Vault (gymnastics)
when a gymnast crosses the line indicating the border of the mat, resulting in a score deduction.
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two 3.5m bars.
PB: The scoring abbreviation for the parallel bars.
PH: The scoring abbreviation for the pommel horse.
Pike: a position where the body is bent only in the hips.
Pommel horse
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of a rectangular body and two pommels.
Ribbon
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. The ribbon is a long piece of material attached to a stick.
Rings: See still rings.
Roll
: A roll is a rotation over an axis in the body over a surface.
Rope
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. It is made of a material that retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. It is knotted at the end.
Rhythmic gymnastics
: A discipline of gymnastics in which competitors manipulate apparatuses. The sport combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, theatrical dance, and apparatus manipulation. Athletes are scored on their leaps, balances, pivots, flexibility, apparatus handling, and artistic effect.
Score protest: A written complaint, submitted by the gymnast or their coaches or federation, to request reconsideration and possible revision of scores felt to be incorrect or unfair. Under FIG rules, protests must be filed immediately after the original score is reported, and before the end of the competition.
Senior: A world-class/elite gymnast who is at least 16, or will be turning 16, within the calendar year.
Somersault
: A gymnastics maneuver in which a person rotates around the somersault axis, moving the feet over the head.
Specialist: A gymnast who is especially strong on one or two events. A specialist often competes only on his or her specific events.
Springboard: Gymnastics equipment required on vault, and used as an optional aid for mounts on parallel bars, balance beam and uneven bars.
SR: The scoring abbreviation for the still rings.
Start value: Under the pre-2006 Code of Points, the maximum score a gymnast could receive for a routine, after taking into consideration all bonus skills, combinations and fulfillment of required elements. The score was determined by subtracting deductions from the start value.
Stick: (v.) to land an acrobatic skill, jump or dismount perfectly, without any steps, stumbles or errors.
Still Rings
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two swinging hollow rings suspended by a frame.
Straddle: A sitting position with the legs wide. It can also be performed at height.
Stuck landing: A perfect landing, without any steps, stumbles or errors.
SV: Abbreviation for start value.
Top: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in pair and group competition that emphasizes flexibility and agility. The top is usually a younger, smaller athlete.
Tsukahara
: A vault and family of vaults. The vault consists of a half turn off the springboard onto the vault table, then a push backwards, usually into a back salto or layout. Any vault that has a handspring with 1/4 – 1/2 turn onto the vault table into a salto backwards is classified as a Tsukahara vault. It is named after Mitsuo Tsukahara
.
Tumbling: The acrobatic skills performed on floor exercise and balance beam, such as back handsprings and saltos. Also, a specific discipline
of gymnastics, performed on a 25-meter-long dynamic track, in which participants perform tumbling skills.
Tumbling run, or tumbling pass: A series of acrobatic skills performed on floor from one corner of the mat to the other, typically beginning with a run and hurtle and ending with a major salto.
Uneven Bars
: A gymnastics apparatus used by women in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two horizontal bars at different heights and with a distance between them.
Vault
: (n.) A gymnastics apparatus used by both men and women in artistic gymnastics, or the skills performed upon it, which consists of a . (v.) to perform a vaulting skill.
VT: The scoring abbreviation for "vault".
: A balance beam skill in which the gymnasts stands sideways on the beam, dives backwards into a back handspring (the "loop"), grasps the beam, performs a back hip circle and ends up in a front support position, resting on the hands. It is named after Natalia Yurchenko
.
Yurchenko vault
: A vault and a family of vaults. It consists of a round-off onto the springboard and a back handspring onto the horse or vaulting table, followed by a salto. Any vault with a roundoff-back handspring entry is classified as a "Yurchenko-style" vault. It is named after Natalia Yurchenko
.
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body...
.
A
AA: Abbreviation for all-around.AB: A scoring abbreviation for uneven bars, from the name Asymmetric Bars.
A-score: Under the current Code of Points, this score tallies the gymnast' counted skills, combinations and EGR. In theory, the A-score can be open-ended, depending on the skills the gymnast presents.
Acrobatic Gymnastics
Acrobatic gymnastics
Acrobatic gymnastics is a competitive partner sport combining the strength, flexibility and technical precision of gymnastics with the grace and musicality of dance as well as the trust and camaraderie of a dedicated partnership...
: A discipline of gymnastics where partners work together to combine the tumbling and power of the floor exercise in artistic gymnastics with the flexibility and artistry of dance. Acrobatic gymnastics routines are performed on the floor apparatus.
All-around: A competition in which the athletes compete as individuals on all four (women) or six (men) events. Sometimes also written as all-round or all-around final.
All-arounder: A gymnast who is a strong competitor on all four (women) or six (men) events.
Apparatus: Specific equipment used in gymnastics.
Artistic gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics where gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting . The sport is governed by the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique , which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite...
: A discipline of gymnastics in which competitors perform upon apparatuses.
Arabesque: Standing on one leg with the other leg raised about 45 degrees
B
B-score: Under the current Code of Points, this score rates the gymnast's execution, form, artistry and technique. The judges take their deductions from the 10.0 base score.Back-to-back tumbling: A series of skills in which the gymnast executes a tumbling run from one corner of the mat to the other, rebounds, and performs another tumbling run in the other direction without stopping. Notably performed by Oksana Omelianchik
Oksana Omelianchik
-Early life and career:Omelianchik was born on January 2, 1970 or December 31, 1969 in Ulan-Ude, USSR). She was originally a figure skater, and participated in her first skating meet at the age of 6. She began gymnastics on the recommendation of her skating choreographer, who believed she had...
(URS), Daniela Silivaş
Daniela Silivas
Viorica Daniela Silivaş-Harper , best known as Daniela Silivaş, is a Romanian gymnast who is most famous for winning six medals in women's artistic gymnastics at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea...
(ROU) and Dominique Dawes
Dominique Dawes
Dominique Margaux Dawes is a retired United States artistic gymnast. She was 10-year member of the U.S. national gymnastics team, the 1994 U.S. all-around senior National Champion, a three-time Olympian, a World Championships silver medalist and a member of the gold-medal winning "Magnificent...
(USA).
Balance: One of the three routines in acrobatic gymnastics, highlighted by static hold positions that demonstrate strength, agility and flexibility.
Balance beam: A gymnastics apparatus used by women in artistic gymnastics. It is a 4 inches (101.6 mm) platform upon which gymnastics perform tumbling and dance skills.
Ball
Ball (rhythmic gymnastics)
The Ball is a piece of apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. It is made of either rubber or synthetic material provided it possesses the same elasticity as rubber. It is from 18 to 20 cm in diameter and must have a minimum weight of 400g. The ball can be of any colour...
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. The ball rests in the gymnast's hands, is balanced on the body, and is thrown into the air and caught.
Base: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in pair and group competition that requires strength and balance. The base is usually an older, larger athlete.
Bib: The number worn on the gymnast's back, and used in the scoring and roster sheets, to identify them to the judges.
BB: The scoring abbreviation for Balance beam.
C
CartwheelCartwheel
A cartwheel is a part of a cart. It may also mean:*Cartwheel , an acrobatic maneuver*Cartwheel Galaxy*Cart-wheel hat, worn by women*Slang term for a silver dollar coin -See also:...
: The maneuver where one moves sideways, from hands to feet, in a straight line (in the motion that the wheel of a cart would follow), while keeping the back, arms, and legs straight, and the feet pointed.
Chalk: Carbonate of magnesia, used by gymnasts on their hands, feet and apparatus to make the surface of the equipment less slippery, or to mark lines on the mats.
Clubs: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics.
Code of Points
Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)
A Code of Points is a rulebook that defines the scoring system for each level of competition in gymnastics. There is no unified, international code of points; every oversight organization—such as FIG , NCAA Gymnastics, and most national gymnastics federations—designs and employs its own unique Code...
: The document that regulates scoring of each discipline.
Combined: Presented only during acrobatic gymnastics finals, the Combined routine features the elements of both the Balance and the Dynamic (Tempo) routines.
D
Dismount: The act of getting off an apparatus and the skill used to do it.Dynamic: One of the three routines in acrobatic gymnastics, combining choreography with tumbling sequences and flight elements like throws.
E
EGR: Abbreviation for element group requirements.Element group requirements: Under the current Code of Points, the specific required skills, or skill families, that the gymnast must show at some point in his or her routine on each event. For instance, on uneven bars, one of the EGRs is a release move. Currently, there are five EGR skills required on every event.
Elite: The highest competitive level in gymnastics, or a gymnast who competes at the highest level. The term is used in the USA, Australia and other nations, but is not universal.
Elementary Gymnastics:Is the type of gymnastics that older gymnasts in training use. It helps them to understand the elements and way of gymnastics.
F
Fédération Internationale de GymnastiqueFédération Internationale de Gymnastique
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique or International Federation of Gymnastics is the governing body of competitive gymnastics. Its headquarters is in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was founded on July 23, 1881 in Liège, Belgium, making it the oldest international sport organisation...
: the international sports governing body for gymnastics. Its name is commonly abbreviated as "FIG".
Flight series: On balance beam, a series of acrobatic skills performed in combination from one end of the beam to the other.
Floor
Floor (gymnastics)
In gymnastics, the floor refers to a specially prepared exercise surface, which is considered an apparatus. It is used by both male and female gymnasts. The event in gymnastics performed on floor is called floor exercise. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is FX.A spring...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men and women in artistic gymnastics. The event performed upon this apparatus is known as Floor Exercise.
Floor Exercise: The event performed on the floor apparatus. Men and women perform choreographed routines that include tumbling and acrobatic skills.
FX: The scoring abbreviation for Floor Exercise.
Front Layout
Flyaway
Front tuck: The act of running, jumping off of 2 feet, turning in mid-air, and landing on the ground on 2 feet.
G
GainerGainer
A gainer is an acrobatic skill in which the acrobat performs a backwards somersault while still moving forward . In diving, this is known as reverse rotation...
: A gymnastics skill in which a gymnastic performs a backwards somersault while moving forward.
Grip: See hand guard.
Gymnastics
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body...
: A sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, agility and coordination. It evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks, including skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and circus performance skills.
H
Hand guardHand guard
Hand guards are devices worn by athletes in artistic gymnastics. Various types of hand guards are used by gymnasts:* Grips are used on the uneven bars, high bar, still rings and parallel bars to enhance the gymnast's grip and, in the case of bar exercises, to reduce friction between the gymnast's...
: A glove or wrist strap worn by gymnasts to protect the skin on their hands when they perform upon apparatuses.
HB: The scoring abbreviation for horizontal (or high) bar.
High Bar: See horizontal bar.
Hit: (v.) To perform a routine or skill to the best of one's ability, with no major errors or deductions. Example: "He hit the dismount." May also be used as an adjective to describe a routine performed well.
Hoop
Hoop (rhythmic gymnastics)
A hoop is an apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics and may be made of plastic or wood, provided that it retains its shape during the routine. The interior diameter is from 51 to 90 cm, and the hoop must weigh a minimum of 300g...
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. It is a hollow hoop with an interior diameter of 80 to 90 cm.
Horizontal bar
Horizontal bar
The high bar, also known as the horizontal bar, is an apparatus used by male gymnasts in Artistic Gymnastics. It traditionally consists of a cylindrical metal bar that is rigidly held above and parallel to the floor by a system of cables and stiff vertical supports. Gymnasts typically wear leather...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnasts. It consists of one 2.4m bar upon which gymnasts perform skills. It is also known as high bar.
J
Junior: A world-class/elite gymnast who is too young to compete as a senior, usually between the ages of 13 and 15.K
Kip: A basic skill in artistic gymnasticsArtistic gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics where gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting . The sport is governed by the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique , which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite...
on the uneven bars that is used at a way of getting on the bar in a front support position or a handstand from a hanging or standing position.
Kip
Kip (trampolining)
In trampolining a kip is a skill mostly used by coaches whilst helping performers developing new skills.In such circumstances an experienced coach will either stand, or bounce, alongside the performer and by timing their actions in the bed will be able to either increase, decrease, or simply...
: A training skill in trampolining
Trampolining
Trampolining is a competitive Olympic sport in which gymnasts perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. These can include simple jumps in the pike, tuck or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward or backward somersaults and twists....
.
L
Layout: A position in which the gymnast's body is completely stretched, toes pointed and legs straight. A layout in tumbling, vault or balance beam is a salto performed in this position. In some countries, layout saltos are referred to as 'straights' (e.g. "he performed a double straight").Leotard
Leotard
A leotard is a skin-tight one-piece garment that covers the torso but leaves the legs free. It was made famous by the French acrobatic performer Jules Léotard ....
: A piece of clothing that comes in a variety of colors,shapes and sizes, and is used for gymnastics workouts and competitions.
M
Manna (gymnastics)Manna (gymnastics)
Manna is a strength move in Gymnastics where the legs and hips are raised until the legs are parallel with the floor by pressing with the hands.The move can be done in the following stages.1. Sit on the floor with legs either straight or apart....
Master of Sport: The term used to refer to a gymnast competing at the highest level of the sport in the USSR. Still used in Russia and other former Soviet republics.
Mat
Mat (gymnastics)
Mats are used for safety in gymnastics, and in training new skills. They are usually a piece of foam ranging from 1.5-28 inches thick, covered in a vinyl or plastic lining. The foam ranges in density from relatively firm to very soft....
: Safety equipment used in gymnastics to break falls.
Meet: A commonly used term for a gymnastics competition.
Middle: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in group competition that requires a combination of strength, balance, flexibility and power.
Mount: The act of getting onto an apparatus and the skill used to do it.
N
Neutral deduction: A score deduction which is taken as a penalty for violations of rules not related directly to the gymnasts' performance, for instance, failure to adhere to required standards of competition attire. Neutral deductions may be applied against a team's cumulative score as well as against individual gymnasts.Number: See bib.
O
OOB: Abbreviation for out of bounds.Out of bounds: Situation on floor exercise or Vault (gymnastics)
Vault (gymnastics)
The vault is an artistic gymnastics apparatus, as well as the skill performed using that apparatus. Vaulting is also the action of performing a vault. Both male and female gymnasts perform the vault...
when a gymnast crosses the line indicating the border of the mat, resulting in a score deduction.
P
Parallel barsParallel bars (gymnastics)
Parallel bars is an apparatus used by male gymnasts in artistic gymnastics. Gymnasts may optionally wear grips when performing a routine on the parallel bars, although this is uncommon.- The apparatus :...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two 3.5m bars.
PB: The scoring abbreviation for the parallel bars.
PH: The scoring abbreviation for the pommel horse.
Pike: a position where the body is bent only in the hips.
Pommel horse
Pommel horse
The pommel horse is an artistic gymnastics apparatus. Traditionally, it is used by only male gymnasts. Originally made of a metal frame with a wooden body and a leather cover, modern pommel horses have a metal body covered with foam rubber and leather, with plastic handles .- History :The pommel...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of a rectangular body and two pommels.
R
Release move or release: Skill on the uneven bars, parallel bars or high bar in which the gymnast lets go of the apparatus, performs a skill in the air, and regrasps the bar.Ribbon (rhythmic gymnastics)
Ribbon is a component of rhythmic gymnastics.-The stick:This can be of any colour and made of wood, bamboo, plastic or fibreglass with a maximum diameter of 1cm at its widest, a cylindrical or conical shape and should have a length of 50–60cm...
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. The ribbon is a long piece of material attached to a stick.
Rings: See still rings.
Roll
Roll (gymnastics)
A Roll is the most basic and fundamental skill in gymnastics. There are many variations to the skill. Rolls are similar to flips in the fact that it is a complete rotation of the body...
: A roll is a rotation over an axis in the body over a surface.
Rope
Rope (rhythmic gymnastics)
Rope may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of...
: A gymnastics apparatus used in rhythmic gymnastics. It is made of a material that retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. It is knotted at the end.
Rhythmic gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which individuals or teams of competitors manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus: rope, clubs, hoop, ball, ribbon and Free . An individual athlete only manipulates 1 apparatus at a time...
: A discipline of gymnastics in which competitors manipulate apparatuses. The sport combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, theatrical dance, and apparatus manipulation. Athletes are scored on their leaps, balances, pivots, flexibility, apparatus handling, and artistic effect.
S
Salto: A somersault.Score protest: A written complaint, submitted by the gymnast or their coaches or federation, to request reconsideration and possible revision of scores felt to be incorrect or unfair. Under FIG rules, protests must be filed immediately after the original score is reported, and before the end of the competition.
Senior: A world-class/elite gymnast who is at least 16, or will be turning 16, within the calendar year.
Somersault
Somersault
A somersault is an acrobatic exercise in which a person does a full 360° flip, moving the feet over the head. A somersault can be performed either forwards, backwards, or sideways and can be executed in the air or on the ground...
: A gymnastics maneuver in which a person rotates around the somersault axis, moving the feet over the head.
Specialist: A gymnast who is especially strong on one or two events. A specialist often competes only on his or her specific events.
Springboard: Gymnastics equipment required on vault, and used as an optional aid for mounts on parallel bars, balance beam and uneven bars.
SR: The scoring abbreviation for the still rings.
Start value: Under the pre-2006 Code of Points, the maximum score a gymnast could receive for a routine, after taking into consideration all bonus skills, combinations and fulfillment of required elements. The score was determined by subtracting deductions from the start value.
Stick: (v.) to land an acrobatic skill, jump or dismount perfectly, without any steps, stumbles or errors.
Still Rings
Rings (gymnastics)
The rings, also known as still rings , is an artistic gymnastics apparatus and the event that uses it. It is traditionally used only by male gymnasts, due to its extreme upper-body strength requirements...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by men in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two swinging hollow rings suspended by a frame.
Straddle: A sitting position with the legs wide. It can also be performed at height.
Stuck landing: A perfect landing, without any steps, stumbles or errors.
SV: Abbreviation for start value.
T
Team final, or TF: A team of 6 gymnasts (or 5 gymnasts at the 2012 London Olympics), representing a country, for the team competition.Top: In acrobatic gymnastics, the role in pair and group competition that emphasizes flexibility and agility. The top is usually a younger, smaller athlete.
Tsukahara
Tsukahara (vault)
The Tsukahara can refer to a specific vault and a family of vaults in artistic gymnastics. The first Tsukahara vault was performed by Mitsuo Tsukahara in 1972....
: A vault and family of vaults. The vault consists of a half turn off the springboard onto the vault table, then a push backwards, usually into a back salto or layout. Any vault that has a handspring with 1/4 – 1/2 turn onto the vault table into a salto backwards is classified as a Tsukahara vault. It is named after Mitsuo Tsukahara
Mitsuo Tsukahara
Mitsuo Tsukahara is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He was five times an Olympic Gold Medalist. His remained active in the sport after his retirement from competition...
.
Tumbling: The acrobatic skills performed on floor exercise and balance beam, such as back handsprings and saltos. Also, a specific discipline
Tumbling (gymnastics)
In gymnastics, tumbling, also known as power tumbling is an acrobatic sporting discipline which combines some of the skills of artistic gymnastics on the floor with those of trampolining. It is practised on a 25 metre long spring track...
of gymnastics, performed on a 25-meter-long dynamic track, in which participants perform tumbling skills.
Tumbling run, or tumbling pass: A series of acrobatic skills performed on floor from one corner of the mat to the other, typically beginning with a run and hurtle and ending with a major salto.
U
UB: A scoring abbreviation for Uneven Bars.Uneven Bars
Uneven bars (gymnastics)
The uneven bars or asymmetric bars is an artistic gymnastics apparatus. It is used only by female gymnasts. It is made of a steel frame. The bars are made of fiberglass with wood coating, or less commonly wood. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is UB or AB, and the...
: A gymnastics apparatus used by women in artistic gymnastics. It consists of two horizontal bars at different heights and with a distance between them.
V
Vault (gymnastics)
The vault is an artistic gymnastics apparatus, as well as the skill performed using that apparatus. Vaulting is also the action of performing a vault. Both male and female gymnasts perform the vault...
: (n.) A gymnastics apparatus used by both men and women in artistic gymnastics, or the skills performed upon it, which consists of a . (v.) to perform a vaulting skill.
VT: The scoring abbreviation for "vault".
W
Warm-up: warm-up techniques differ from club to club, some coaches might prefer to play games at the beginning of a training session, while others might prefer to make gymnasts run around the carpet, skip with a rope in various directions (backwards, forwards, criss-cross, etc.). But all ultimately aim to achieve the same goals, to warm up the gymnasts muscles in order for them not to injure themselves while stretching or training.Y
Yurchenko loopYurchenko loop
A Yurchenko loop is a skill performed on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics. It is named after Soviet gymnast Natalia Yurchenko, who originated and competed the element in the early 1980s....
: A balance beam skill in which the gymnasts stands sideways on the beam, dives backwards into a back handspring (the "loop"), grasps the beam, performs a back hip circle and ends up in a front support position, resting on the hands. It is named after Natalia Yurchenko
Natalia Yurchenko
Natalia Vladimirovna Yurchenko was a Soviet artistic gymnast, who was the women's all-around gold medalist at the 1983 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships...
.
Yurchenko vault
Yurchenko (vault)
Yurchenko is the name of both a specific vault and a vault family in artistic gymnastics. The Yurchenko was named after Soviet gymnast Natalia Yurchenko, who originated the vault in the early 1980s....
: A vault and a family of vaults. It consists of a round-off onto the springboard and a back handspring onto the horse or vaulting table, followed by a salto. Any vault with a roundoff-back handspring entry is classified as a "Yurchenko-style" vault. It is named after Natalia Yurchenko
Natalia Yurchenko
Natalia Vladimirovna Yurchenko was a Soviet artistic gymnast, who was the women's all-around gold medalist at the 1983 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships...
.