Non-dynastic (1859–1866)

Picture	Name	Born-Died	Reign	Notes
	Alexander John Cuza Alexander John Cuza Alexander John Cuza was a Moldavian-born Romanian politician who ruled as the first Domnitor of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia between 1859 and 1866.-Early life:...	1820–1873	24 January 1859–23 February 1866	First Domnitor of the United Principalities Domnitor Domnitor was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and 1866.... ; deposed in 1866.
	Princely Lieutenancy		23 February 1866–22 May 1866	Lascăr Catargiu Lascar Catargiu Lascăr Catargiu was a Romanian conservative statesman born in Moldavia. He belonged to an ancient Wallachian family, one of whose members had been banished in the 17th century by Prince Matei Basarab, and had settled in Moldavia.-Biography:... gen. Nicolae Golescu Nicolae Golescu Nicolae Golescu was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Romania in 1860 and May–November 1868.-Early life:... col. Nicolae Haralambie

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1881)

Picture	Name	Born-Died	Reign	Notes
	Carol I Carol I of Romania Carol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...	1839–1914	22 May 1866–26 March 1881	Second Domnitor of the United Principalities Domnitor Domnitor was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and 1866.... ; became first King of the Romanians in 1881.

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1881–1947)

Picture	Name	Born-Died	Reign	Notes
	Carol I Carol I of Romania Carol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...	1839–1914	26 March 1881–10 October 1914	First King of the Romanians
	Ferdinand I Ferdinand I of Romania Ferdinand was the King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death.-Early life:Born in Sigmaringen in southwestern Germany, the Roman Catholic Prince Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern, was a son of Leopold, Prince of...	1865–1927	10 October 1914–20 July 1927	Became King of Greater Romania Greater Romania The Greater Romania generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First World War and the Second World War, the largest geographical extent of Romania up to that time and its largest peacetime extent ever ; more precisely, it refers to the territory of the Kingdom of...  in 1922.
	Micheal I Michael I of Romania Michael was the last King of Romania. He reigned from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940 until 30 December 1947 when he was forced, by the Communist Party of Romania , to abdicate to the Soviet armies of occupation...	1921–	20 July 1927–8 June 1930	First reign, with Prince Nicholas Prince Nicholas of Romania | style="float:right;"|Prince Nicholas of Romania was the second son of King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie of Romania.- Biography :Born in Peleş Castle, Sinaia, Nicholas was the younger brother of Carol, heir apparent, who renounced his rights of succession on 12 December 1925... , Miron Cristea Miron Cristea Miron Cristea, was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian cleric and politician.... , and Gheorghe Buzdugan (replaced after his death by Constantin Sărăţeanu) as Regents
	Carol II Carol II of Romania Carol II reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until 6 September 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand, King of Romania, and his wife, Queen Marie, a daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second eldest son of Queen Victoria...	1893–1953	8 June 1930–6 September 1940	Abdicated in 1940.
	Michael I Michael I of Romania Michael was the last King of Romania. He reigned from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940 until 30 December 1947 when he was forced, by the Communist Party of Romania , to abdicate to the Soviet armies of occupation...	1921–	6 September 1940–30 December 1947	Second reign with Ion Antonescu Ion Antonescu Ion Victor Antonescu was a Romanian soldier, authoritarian politician and convicted war criminal. The Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, he presided over two successive wartime dictatorships...  as Conducător Conducator Conducător was the title used officially in two instances by Romanian politicians, and earlier by Carol II.-History:... until 1944. Abdicated in 1947 under Communist Romanian Communist Party The Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the...  pressure.

Romanian People's Republic

Communist Romania

Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions...

 (1947–1965)

Picture	Name	Born-Died	Term of office	Position(s)
	Constantin Ion Parhon Constantin Ion Parhon Constantin Ion Parhon was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist, endocrinologist and politician. He was the President of the Provisional Presidium of the People's Republic of Romania from its proclamation on December 30, 1947 to April 13, 1948, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly...	1874–1969	30 December 1947–12 June 1952	President of the Presidium of the Republic (9 January 1948–13 April 1948), President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly Great National Assembly The Great National Assembly was the legislature of the Romanian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic Romania. When Communism was overthrown in Romania in December 1989, the National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral parliament, made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.The Great...  (13 April 1948–12 June 1952)
	Petru Groza Petru Groza Petru Groza was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania....	1884–1958	12 June 1952–7 January 1958	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly Great National Assembly The Great National Assembly was the legislature of the Romanian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic Romania. When Communism was overthrown in Romania in December 1989, the National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral parliament, made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.The Great...
	Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer.-Biography:Born in Bucharest to a Saxon father and a Romanian mother of French origin, he completed studies in Law and became an attorney, defending in court members of the illegal leftist and Anti-fascist movements...	1902–2000	11 January 1958–21 March 1961	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly Great National Assembly The Great National Assembly was the legislature of the Romanian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic Romania. When Communism was overthrown in Romania in December 1989, the National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral parliament, made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.The Great...
	Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965.-Early life:Gheorghe was the son of a poor worker, Tănase Gheorghiu, and his wife Ana. Gheorghiu-Dej joined the Communist Party of Romania in 1930...	1901–1965	21 March 1961–19 March 1965	President of the State Council

Socialist Republic of Romania

Communist Romania

Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions...

 (1965–1989)

Picture	Name	Born-Died	Term of office	Position(s)
	Chivu Stoica Chivu Stoica Chivu Stoica was a leading Romanian Communist politician.Stoica was born in Smeeni, Buzău County, the sixth child of a ploughman. At age 12 he left home, and started working as an apprentice at Căile Ferate Române, the state railway corporation...	1908–1975	24 March 1965–9 December 1967	President of the State Council
	Nicolae Ceauşescu Nicolae Ceausescu Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...	1918–1989	9 December 1967–22 December 1989	President of the State Council (9 December 1967–28 March 1974) President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...  (28 March 1974–22 December 1989)

Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

 (1989–Present)

No	Picture	Name	Born-Died	Term of office	Position(s)
—		Council of the National Salvation Front		22 December 1989–26 December 1989
2		Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....	1930–	26 December 1989–6 February 1990	President of Council of the National Salvation Front
				6 February 1990–20 June 1990	President of the Provisional National Unity Council
				20 June 1990–11 October 1992	President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
				11 October 1992–29 November 1996
3		Emil Constantinescu Emil Constantinescu Emil Constantinescu was President of Romania from 1996 to 2000.He graduated from the law school of the University of Bucharest, and subsequently started a career as a geologist...	1939–	29 November 1996–20 December 2000	President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
(2)		Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....	1930–	20 December 2000–20 December 2004	President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
4		Traian Băsescu Traian Basescu Traian Băsescu is the current President of Romania. After serving as the mayor of Bucharest from June 2000 until December 2004, he was elected president in the Romanian Presidential Elections of 2004 and inaugurated on December 20, 2004...	1951–	20 December 2004–20 April 2007	Suspended in the period from 20 April 2007 until 23 May 2007.
—		Nicolae Văcăroiu Nicolae Vacaroiu Nicolae Văcăroiu is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 1989 Revolution he worked at the Committee for State Planning, together with Theodor Stolojan....	1943–	20 April 2007–23 May 2007	ad interim Ad interim The Latin phrase ad interim literally means "in the time between" denotes the meaning of "in the meantime", "for an intervening time" or "temporarily" in the English language...  President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...  as President of the Senate President of the Senate of Romania The President of the Senate of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings. He is also the president of the Standing Bureau of the Senate, and the second leader of the State.-Election:...
(4)		Traian Băsescu Traian Basescu Traian Băsescu is the current President of Romania. After serving as the mayor of Bucharest from June 2000 until December 2004, he was elected president in the Romanian Presidential Elections of 2004 and inaugurated on December 20, 2004...	1951–	23 May 2007–21 December 2009	Resumed the office of President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...  after the Referendum Romanian presidential impeachment referendum, 2007 The Romanian presidential impeachment referendum of 2007 was conducted in order to determine whether the president of Romania Traian Băsescu should be forced to step down.On April 19, 2007 the Romanian parliament suspended Băsescu...
				21 December 2009–Present	President of Romania President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms... for a second term

Footnotes and references