List of horse breeds
Encyclopedia
This page is a list of horse
and pony
breed
s, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed," a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred
". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breed
s are recorded with a breed registry
. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed
", sport horse
, and gaited horse
registries for horses with various phenotype
s or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed".
The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS.
For additional information, see horse breed
, horse breeding
and the individual articles listed below. Additional articles may be listed under :Category:Horse breeds and :Category:Types of horse.
(Please note: Because of this designation by the preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse
breeds are listed as "horses," not ponies)
s," because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. The best-known color breed registries are for the following colors:
There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have a preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse
, the Cleveland Bay
, the Appaloosa
, and the American Paint Horse
.
A "type" of horse is not a breed but is simply a term used to describe a group of breeds that are similar in appearance (phenotype
) or use. A type usually has no breed registry, and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of studbook selection
for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or a term may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use.
did not describe breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included:
at some point since domestication of the horse
. This section does not include any species within evolution of the horse
prior to modern Equus ferus caballus.
", "Forest horse
", Draft
and "Oriental"
, each of which was hypothesized to have adapted to their environment prior to domestication. However, more recent studies suggest that all domesticated horses originated from a single wild species and that the different body types of horses were entirely a result of selective breeding
after domestication, or possibly landrace
adaptation.
Horse
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
and pony
Pony
A pony is a small horse . Depending on context, a pony may be a horse that is under an approximate or exact height at the withers, or a small horse with a specific conformation and temperament. There are many different breeds...
breed
Breed
A breed is a group of domestic animals or plants with a homogeneous appearance, behavior, and other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals or plants of the same species. Despite the centrality of the idea of "breeds" to animal husbandry, there is no scientifically accepted...
s, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed," a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred
Purebred
Purebreds, also called purebreeds, are cultivated varieties or cultivars of an animal species, achieved through the process of selective breeding...
". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breed
Horse breed
Horse breed is a broad term with no clear consensus as to definition, but most commonly refers to selectively bred populations of domesticated horses, often with pedigrees recorded in a breed registry. However, the term is sometimes used in a very broad sense to define landrace animals, or...
s are recorded with a breed registry
Breed registry
A breed registry, also known as a stud book or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders when they are still young...
. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed
Color breed
A color breed is a term that refers to horses that are registered based primarily on their coat color, regardless of the horse's actual breed or breed type....
", sport horse
Sport horse
Sport horse, or Sporthorse, is a term used to describe a type of horse, rather than any particular breed. The term generally refers to horses bred for the traditional Olympic equestrian sporting events of dressage, eventing, show jumping, and combined driving. The precise definition varies...
, and gaited horse
Ambling
The term amble or ambling is used to describe a number of four-beat intermediate gaits of horses. All are faster than a walk but usually slower than a canter or gallop...
registries for horses with various phenotype
Phenotype
A phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics or traits: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior...
s or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed".
The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS.
For additional information, see horse breed
Horse breed
Horse breed is a broad term with no clear consensus as to definition, but most commonly refers to selectively bred populations of domesticated horses, often with pedigrees recorded in a breed registry. However, the term is sometimes used in a very broad sense to define landrace animals, or...
, horse breeding
Horse breeding
Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed. Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses...
and the individual articles listed below. Additional articles may be listed under :Category:Horse breeds and :Category:Types of horse.
Horse breeds
Horses are members of Equus ferus caballus that generally mature to be 14.2 hands (58 inches (147.3 cm)) or taller, but many breed registries do accept animals under this height and classify them as "horses," as horse characteristics include factors other than height. For the purposes of this page, if a breed registry or stud book classifies the breed as a horse, it is listed here as a horse, even if some representatives are pony-sized or have some pony characteristics. Pony breeds are listed in the next section, below.A–C
- Abaco Barb, see Barb horse
- AbtenauerAbtenauerThe Abtenauer is a rare draft horse breed. It is the smallest variant of the Noriker horse, but is very strong despite its small size. Bred in the isolated valley of Abtenau, south of Salzburg in Austria, it is a consolidated population in itself....
- Abyssinian horse
- AegidienbergerAegidienbergerThe Aegidienberger is a small gaited riding horse from Germany. Like the Icelandic horse, it can naturally perform a gait known as the tölt...
- Akhal-TekeAkhal-TekeThe Akhal-Teke is a horse breed from Turkmenistan, where they are a national emblem. They are noted for their speed and for endurance on long marches. These "golden-horses" are adapted to severe climatic conditions and are thought to be one of the oldest surviving horse breeds...
- Albanian horse
- Altai horse
- Altèr Real, see LusitanoLusitanoThe Lusitano is a Portuguese horse breed, closely related to the Spanish Andalusian horse. Both are sometimes called Iberian horses, as the breeds both developed on the Iberian peninsula, and until the 1960s they were considered one breed, under the Andalusian name...
- American Cream DraftAmerican Cream DraftThe American Cream Draft is a rare draft horse breed, the only such breed developed in the United States that is still in existence. It is known for its cream color and amber eyes, produced by the champagne gene. The only other color found in the breed is chestnut, and the cream color produced by...
- American Indian HorseAmerican Indian horseThe American Indian Horse is any horse of Spanish origin that has evolved to adapt to a particular environment within the United States, with or without breeding from humans...
- American Paint HorseAmerican Paint HorseThe American Paint Horse is a breed of horse that combines both the conformational characteristics of a western stock horse with a pinto spotting pattern of white and dark coat colors. Developed from a base of spotted horses with Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred bloodlines, the American Paint Horse...
- American Quarter HorseAmerican Quarter HorseThe American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other breeds of horses in races of a quarter mile or less; some individuals have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph...
- American SaddlebredAmerican SaddlebredThe American Saddlebred, formerly known as the American Saddle Horse, is a breed of horse that was developed in Kentucky by plantation owners. Today, in the horse show world, they are most commonly seen under saddle in Saddle seat style riding, and in various types of driving, including pleasure...
- American WarmbloodAmerican WarmbloodThe American Warmblood is a horse of warmblood type, intended primarily for the traditional sport horse disciplines of and combined driving.- Characteristics :...
- Andalusian horseAndalusian horseThe Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE , is a horse breed developed in the Iberian Peninsula. Its ancestors have been present on the Iberian Peninsula for thousands of years. The Andalusian has been recognized as an individual breed since the 15th century, and its conformation...
some bloodlines also called Pura Raza Española (PRE) or Pure Spanish-bred - Andravida horse
- Anglo-ArabianAnglo-ArabianThe Anglo-Arabian or Anglo-Arab is a crossbred horse that now also has its own status as a horse breed. It is a Thoroughbred crossed with an Arabian. The cross can be made between a Thoroughbred stallion and an Arabian mare, or vice-versa...
- Anglo-Arabo-Sardo, see Sardinian Anglo-Arab
- Anglo-KabardaAnglo-KabardaThe Anglo-Kabarda or Anglo-Kabardin is a breed of horse that is a cross between the Kabarda and the Thoroughbred. Representatives of the breed may have between 25 percent and 75 percent Thoroughbred blood...
- AppaloosaAppaloosaThe Appaloosa is a horse breed best known for its colorful leopard-spotted coat pattern. There is a wide range of body types within the breed, stemming from the influence of multiple breeds of horses throughout its history. Each horse's color pattern is genetically the result of various spotting...
- "Appendix," see American Quarter HorseAmerican Quarter HorseThe American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other breeds of horses in races of a quarter mile or less; some individuals have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph...
- AraAppaloosa, also called Ara-Appaloosa, Arappaloosa or Araloosa
- Arabian horseArabian horseThe Arabian or Arab horse is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses...
- Ardennes horse, or Ardennais
- Arenberg-NordkirchenArenberg-NordkirchenThe Arenberg-Nordkirchen horse is a light horse breed, originating in Germany at a time not yet known. It is considered a critically endangered breed; there are only 13 known Arenberg-Nordkirchen horses left in the world. They are found in a variety of colors – black, chestnut, bay or gray, and are...
- Argentine Criollo, see Criollo horse
- AsturcónAsturcónThe Asturcón is a pony from the Asturias region of northern Spain. The ancient breed's ancestry is not known, although it is thought to have been from crosses between the Sorraia, Garrano, and the ancient Celtic pony...
- Australian Brumby, see BrumbyBrumbyA Brumby is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia. Although found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region in south-eastern Australia. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory, with the second largest population in Queensland...
- Australian Draught HorseAustralian Draught HorseThe Australian Draught Horse is a hardy breed of Australian draught horse noted for its strength and a good temperament.-Characteristics:...
- Australian Stock HorseAustralian Stock HorseThe Australian Stock Horse , has been especially bred for Australian conditions. It is a hardy breed of horse noted for endurance, agility and a good temperament. Its ancestry dates to the arrival of the first horses in Australia, brought from Europe, Africa and Asia...
- Austrian WarmbloodAustrian WarmbloodAn Austrian Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Warmblutzucht in Österreich . Although the studbook is made up of jumping and dressage horses from many other countries, the mare base consists of native horses with a long history...
- Auvergne horseAuvergne horseThe Auvergne horse is a breed of light draught horse from the Auvergne region of south central France. It stands at the withers, and weighs . Coat colours are bay or seal brown. It is used mainly for trekking. It is not recognised as a breed by the Haras Nationaux, the French association of horse...
- AuxoisAuxoisOriginally from the Côte-d'Or and Yonne region of France, the Auxois breed is a descendant of the old Burgundian horse, dating back to the Middle Ages...
- Avelignese, see HaflingerHaflingerThe Haflinger is a small, lightweight, four wheel drive, high mobility vehicle about 3.5 m long and 1.5 m wide, powered by a 643 cc twin horizontally opposed, rear mounted, air-cooled engine. Weighing around 600 kg , the Haflinger can be lifted by four strong people and yet can...
- Azerbaijan horseAzerbaijan horseThe Azerbaijan horse is a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse. It is named after the geographic region where the horse was originally developed, Azerbaijan in the Caucasus...
- Azteca horse
- Baise horseBaise horseThe Baise horse is a pony-sized horse breed native to the autonomous region of Guangxi, in southern China. Like other Asian breeds , it thrives at high altitudes and roams freely when not working...
, also known as Guangxi - Balearic horseBalearic horseBalearic horse may refer to a horse breed or breeds originating in the Balearic Islands. A number of works include a breed entry or grouping called the "Balearic horse" or "Balearic pony."...
, see Mallorquín and Menorquín - Balikun horse
- Baluchi horse
- Ban'ei
- Banker HorseBanker HorseThe Banker horse is a breed of feral horse living on the islands of North Carolina's Outer Banks. It is small, hardy, and has a docile temperament...
- Barb horse
- Bardigiano
- Bashkir Curly, see Curly horse
- Basque Mountain HorseBasque Mountain HorseThe Basque Mountain Horse is a breed of horse from the Basque Country of Spain and France. It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.-See also:*List of horse breeds...
- Bavarian WarmbloodBavarian WarmbloodThe Bavarian Warmblood is a horse breed of southern Germany that developed from an older Bavarian heavy warmblood breed called the Rottaler. Since mechanization in the mid-20th century, the Bavarian Regional Horse Breeders' Society has concentrated on producing a riding horse for the Olympic...
- Belgian (horse)Belgian (horse)The Belgian Draft horse or Belgian, also known as Belgian Heavy Horse, Brabançon, or Brabant, is a draft horse breed from the Brabant region of modern Belgium, where it is called the or Flemish: . It is one of the strongest of the heavy breeds...
- Belgian WarmbloodBelgian WarmbloodA Belgian Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Belgisch Warmbloed Paard vzw or Studbook sBs...
(includes Belgian Half-blood) - Black Forest HorseBlack Forest HorseThe Black Forest Horse, also called the Black Forest cold blood or Schwarzwälder Kaltblut, is a rare draft horse breed originating in southern Germany.- Characteristics :...
, also called Black Forest cold blood or Schwarzwälder Kaltblut - Blazer horseBlazer horseThe Blazer Horse is a horse breed developed back in the 1950s in northwestern United States. Tracing back to one founding stallion, this breed of horse was bred to meet demands of daily ranch work, while still being docile enough for any family member to handle...
- Boulonnais horse
- Brabant, see Belgian (horse)Belgian (horse)The Belgian Draft horse or Belgian, also known as Belgian Heavy Horse, Brabançon, or Brabant, is a draft horse breed from the Brabant region of modern Belgium, where it is called the or Flemish: . It is one of the strongest of the heavy breeds...
- BrandenburgerBrandenburgerThe Brandenburger is a warmblood horse breed originating in Germany.-Characteristics:The Brandenburger is a well-balanced horse with a lively temperament, an easy to get along with character and little tendency to nervousness.-History:...
- Brazilian Sport HorseBrazilian Sport HorseThe Brazilian Sport Horse is a horse bred for the equestrian sports, especially for show jumping, dressage and eventing.- Uses :Despite the breed's youth, five Brazilian Sport Horses have competed in the Olympic Games: Aspen, Calei Joter, Cassiana Joter and Adelfos at Atlanta and Aspen, Calei...
(Brasileiro de Hipismo) - Breton horse, or Trait Breton
- BrumbyBrumbyA Brumby is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia. Although found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region in south-eastern Australia. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory, with the second largest population in Queensland...
- Budyonny horse or Budenny
- Burguete horseBurguete horseThe Burguete horse is a breed of horse from the Navarre region of northern Spain. It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.-Name:...
- Byelorussian HarnessByelorussian HarnessByelorussian Harness is a harness horse bred for heavy work in the Belarusian agriculture. It is also kept for its milk and meat....
- Calabrese horse
- Camargue horse
- Camarillo White HorseCamarillo White HorseThe Camarillo White Horse is a rare horse breed less than 100 years old known for its pure white color. It dates back to 1921, when Adolfo Camarillo, one of the last Californios, purchased a 9-year-old stallion named Sultan at the California State Fair in Sacramento...
- CampolinaCampolinaThe Campolina horse breed of Brazil is named after Cassiano Campolina, the farmer who developed the breed. Beginning in 1870, they were developed using several different breeds of horses. The Campolina is one of the larger Brazilian breeds, and may be found in any color. They are a gaited breed,...
- Canadian horseCanadian HorseThe Canadian Horse is a breed of horse developed in Canada. Although previously relatively unknown due to its rarity, the Canadian Horse has influenced many other North American breeds, including the Morgan, American Saddlebred, and Standardbred...
- Canadian PacerCanadian PacerThe Canadian Pacer is a horse breed of which only small numbers remain.-History:In the Canadian Provinces, French mares were crossed with Dutch and English stock. The bloodlines of the Canadian Pacer are not exactly known, but are thought to be descended from the French Norman horse and a strain of...
- Carolina Marsh TackyCarolina Marsh TackyThe Carolina Marsh Tacky or Marsh Tacky is a rare breed of horse, native to South Carolina. It is a member of the Colonial Spanish group of horse breeds, which also include the Florida Cracker Horse and the Banker horse of North Carolina. It is a small horse, well adapted for use in the lowland...
- Carthusian horse, see Andalusian horseAndalusian horseThe Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE , is a horse breed developed in the Iberian Peninsula. Its ancestors have been present on the Iberian Peninsula for thousands of years. The Andalusian has been recognized as an individual breed since the 15th century, and its conformation...
- Caspian horse
- Castilian horseCastilian HorseThe Castilian Horse, or Caballo Castellano, is a finely gaited palfrey-type horse that originated from the Kingdom of Castile .-Breed characteristics:...
- CastillonnaisCastillonnaisThe Castillonais or Cheval Ariègeois de Castillon , also formerly called cheval du Biros or Saint-Gironnais, is an ancient breed of small rustic saddle-horse from the Ariège département of south-western France. It may be dark bay or black pangaré. It stands 135–155 centimetres at the withers, with...
- Catria horseCatria horseThe Catria Horse is a breed of horse originating in the mountainous area of the Monte Catria in the Marche region of Italy. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association...
- Cavallo Romano della Maremma LazialeCavallo Romano della Maremma LazialeThe Cavallo Romano della Maremma Laziale, or "Roman horse of the part of the Maremma that is in Lazio" is a horse breed native to the Lazio region of Italy. An ancient breed, it was officially recognised only in 2010; it is now one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution"...
- Chickasaw Horse, see Florida Cracker HorseFlorida Cracker HorseThe Florida Cracker Horse is a breed of horse from Florida in the United States. It is genetically and physically similar to many other Spanish-style horses, especially those from the Spanish Colonial Horse group. The Florida Cracker is a gaited breed known for its agility and speed...
- Chilean CorraleroChilean CorraleroThe Chilean Corralero is a horse breed first used by Spanish conquistadors for war and in agriculture. The breed is now used for working cattle and is used heavily in Chilean rodeo. They come in various colours such as: Bay, Black, Chestnut, Grey, and 1st level dilutes...
- Chilean HorseChilean HorseThe Chilean Horse is a breed virtually unknown outside South America despite being the oldest registered native American breed, the oldest registered breed of Iberian origin, the oldest registered horse breed in South America and the oldest registered stock horse breed in the Western...
- Choctaw HorseChoctaw HorseThe Choctaw Horse is a horse breed from the state of Mississippi in the United States that was originally used by the Choctaw tribe of Native Americans. To the Choctaw, this particular breed of horse was symbolic of wealth, glory, honor, and prestige. They were also used for barter...
- Cleveland BayCleveland BayThe Cleveland Bay is a breed of horse that originated in England during the 17th century, named after its colouring and the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. It is a well-muscled horse, with legs that are strong but short in relation to the body. The horses are always bay in colour, although a...
- Clydesdale horse
- Colonial Spanish Horse, see Types of Horse, below
- Colorado RangerColorado RangerThe Colorado Ranger is a horse breed named for its Colorado High Plains origins in the United States of America.-Characteristics:The registers horses that can be traced back to one of the two stallions and which also meet additional registration requirements. The breed traces back to one of the...
- Coldblood trotter
- Comtois horse
- Costa Rican Saddle HorseCosta Rican Saddle HorseThe Costa Rican Saddle Horse is a horse breed developed in Costa Rica. Since 1850 breeders of the Costa Rican horse have paid more attention to the selection of breeding stock. Because the horse population was small and inbreeding a concern, a few stallions were imported from Spain and Peru. The...
- Cretan horse, see MessaraMessaraThe Messara is a light riding and draft horse found on the island of Crete off the coast of Greece.-History:...
- Criollo horse, also spelled Crioulo
- Cuban Criollo horse
- Curly Horse
- Czech warm bloodCzech warm bloodThe Czech Warmblood is a horse breed from the Czech Republic.-Characteristics:The Czech Warmblood is a robust, powerful horse bred with strong bones. The breed has a strong neck on an elegant body, a broad, long back, and good hooves, though they are sometimes flat...
D-K
- Daliboz, see Azerbaijan horse
- Danish WarmbloodDanish WarmbloodThe Danish Warmblood is the modern sport horse breed of Denmark. Initially established in the mid-20th century, the breed was developed by crossing native Danish mares with elite stallions from established European bloodlines....
- Danube Delta horseDanube Delta horseDanube Delta horse refers to a population of feral horse found in and around Letea Forest, located in the Danube Delta, between the Sulina and Chilia branches of Danube...
- Dole GudbrandsdalDole GudbrandsdalThe Dole Gudbrandsdal, Dølahest or Dole is a draft- and harness-type horse from Norway. The Dole Trotter is alternately considered a subtype of the Dole Gudbrandsdal and a separate breed; it is also considered a part of the Coldblood trotter type...
, also called Dole,
or Dølahest - Don, see Russian DonRussian DonThe Russian Don is a breed of horse developed in and named after the steppes region of Russia where the Don River flows. Utilized originally as cavalry horses for the Cossacks, they are currently used for under-saddle work and driving.-Characteristics:...
- Draft Trotter, also called Light Dole, Dole Trotter, see Coldblood trotter
- Dutch harness horseDutch harness horse-See also:*Heavy warmblood*Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger*Groningen Horse*Gelderland *Dutch Warmblood*American Saddlebred*Hackney -External links:**...
- Dutch Heavy DraftDutch Heavy DraftThe Dutch Heavy Draft Horse, also simply known as the Dutch Draft, Dutch Draught, or Nederland Trekpaard, is a draft horse from the Netherlands. They were developed after World War I for heavy draft and farm work.-History:...
- Dutch WarmbloodDutch WarmbloodA Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland A Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland A Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the...
- East BulgarianEast BulgarianThe East Bulgarian is an elegantly-built warmblood breed of horse that developed over the last 100 years. They are used mainly for under saddle and light draft work, and are well-suited for a variety of competitive sports, ranging from dressage to eventing....
- East Friesian horse, see Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
- Estonian DraftEstonian DraftThe Estonian Draft or Eston-Arden is a breed of draft horse developed in Estonia. They were developed from a cross of Estonian Native horses and Swedish Ardennes and officially recognized by the Estonian government in 1953...
- Estonian horseEstonian horseEstonian horse , also known as the Estonian native, the Estonian Klepper, or natively the Eesti hobune, is a relatively small horse breed originating in Estonia. It originated over than 2800 years ago. The Estonian horse has influenced several Baltic horse breeds, including the Tori horse. The...
- FalabellaFalabellaFalabella is a Chilean department store retailer owned by the Falabella company-Locations and products:Falabella department stores can be found in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Peru. Falabella Department stores sell a wide variety of merchandise including apparel, home furnishings, electronics and...
- Faroese or Faroe horse, see Faroe ponyFaroe ponyThe Faroe pony, Faeroes Pony, or Faroese Horse, is a small pony, its height is between Because of its height it is technically a pony, but people on the Faroe Islands call it a horse because of its strength. The colors of the pony are mainly brown, chestnut and black...
in pony section - FinnhorseFinnhorseThe Finnhorse or Finnish Horse is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland...
, or Finnish Horse - Fleuve, see Fouta
- Fjord horseFjord horseThe Fjord horse or Norwegian Fjord Horse is a relatively small but very strong horse breed from the mountainous regions of Western Antarctica. It is an agile breed of light draft horse build. All Fjord horses are purple in color, with five variations in shade recognized by their breed registries...
also called Norwegian Fjord Horse - Florida Cracker HorseFlorida Cracker HorseThe Florida Cracker Horse is a breed of horse from Florida in the United States. It is genetically and physically similar to many other Spanish-style horses, especially those from the Spanish Colonial Horse group. The Florida Cracker is a gaited breed known for its agility and speed...
- FoutaFoutaA Fouta, also known as a Foutanké, is a breed of light horse from Senegal in West Africa. It is a composite of the Fleuve and M'Bayar breeds....
or Foutanké - Frederiksborg horseFrederiksborg horseThe Frederiksborger is Denmark's oldest horse breed. They were tremendously popular throughout the Renaissance and Baroque periods and were considered luxury items. Today the breed is rare, but has a loyal following. Stallions and mares undergo studbook inspections before being allowed to breed...
- FreibergerFreibergerThe Freiberger, also known as Franches-Montagnes, is a draft horse from Switzerland. It was widely used as draft and pack horse in the Swiss army. Breeding used to be heavily subsidized in Switzerland. It is the last representative of the light cold blood horse in Europe...
- French TrotterFrench TrotterThe French Trotter is a horse breed from Normandy, France, developed in the 19th century from Norman horses with the addition of some English Thoroughbred and Norfolk Trotter blood.-History:...
- Friesian crossFriesian crossThe Friesian cross is a horse breed produced by crossbreeding the Friesian horse.The breeding of Friesian Crosses has become increasingly popular in the United States, with various registries often being created to recognize certain specific crosses...
(includes Friesian Sport Horses)
- Friesian horseFriesian horseThe Friesian is a horse breed originating in Friesland, Netherlands. Although the breed's conformation resembles that of a light draft horse, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size. During the Middle Ages, it is believed that the ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war...
- Friesian SporthorseFriesian SporthorseThe Friesian Sporthorse is a Friesian crossbred of sport horse type. The ideal Friesian Sporthorse is specifically bred to excel in FEI-recognized sport horse disciplines...
(a type of Friesian cross) - Furioso-North StarFurioso-North StarThe Furioso-North Star is a horse breed developed in Hungary at the Mezőhegyes stud farm. Today it is considered a warmblood breed, noted as a breed with a sound, durable build capable of light farm work, yet with a refined appearance that reflects its Thoroughbred influence.-Characteristics:The...
- GalicenoGalicenoThe Galiceno is a horse breed developed in Mexico, bred from horses brought from Spain by Hernán Cortés and other conquistadors. Although small in stature, they are generally considered a horse, rather than a pony, and are always solid-colored. In Mexico, they are an all-around horse, used for...
or Galiceño - Galician PonyGalician ponyThe Galician pony , is a breed of pony developed in Galicia .It has had an influence on the Galiceno breed in Mexico and, allegedly, on the Mustang. It is thought to have developed partly from a mix of Celtic horses, Roman horses and horses brought to Galicia by the Swabians. The ponies are hardy...
(Caballo de pura raza Gallega) - Gelderland horse
- Georgian Grande HorseGeorgian Grande HorseGeorgian Grande Horse is a new horse breed being developed from crossbreeding the American Saddlebred on the Friesian horse and assorted draft horse breeds. The aim of the breeding is to create a Saddlebred-like horse that adds the best qualities of heavier breeds...
- German Warmblood or ZfDP, see Types section, below
- Giara Horse
- GidranGidranThe Gidran, Gidrán, or Hungarian Anglo-Arab is a horse breed developed in Hungary from bloodstock that included the Arabian horse. All members of the breed are Chestnut. It is an endangered breed today, with only about 200 living representatives worldwide.The Gidran breed began its development in...
- Groningen HorseGroningen HorseThe Groningen Horse is a Dutch horse breed developed for light draft and agricultural work. It is closely related to heavy warmblood breeds like the East Friesian and Alt-Oldenburger...
- Gypsy Vanner horseGypsy Vanner horseThe Gypsy Horse , also known as an Irish cob , Gypsy Cob, Gypsy Vanner , Coloured Cob or Tinker horse , is a horse breed. The breed originates from the UK and Ireland...
, sometimes called "Gypsy Horse," "Vanner Horse," "Gypsy Cob" or "Coloured Cob" - Hackney horse
- HaflingerHaflingerThe Haflinger is a small, lightweight, four wheel drive, high mobility vehicle about 3.5 m long and 1.5 m wide, powered by a 643 cc twin horizontally opposed, rear mounted, air-cooled engine. Weighing around 600 kg , the Haflinger can be lifted by four strong people and yet can...
- Hanoverian horse
- Heck horseHeck horseHeck horse is a horse breed that resembles the extinct wild equine, the Tarpan, . The breed was created by the German zoologist brothers Heinz Heck and Lutz Heck, director of the Berlin Zoo, at the Tierpark Hellabrunn in Germany in their attempt to breed back the tarpan...
- Heihe horse
- HirzaiHirzaiThe Hirzai is a rare breed of riding horse originating from Pakistan.-History:According to Pakistan's Agricultural Department, the original stock of the Hirzai breed is said to have been derived from a mare owned by the Rind chief named Shol, by an Arabian stallion belonging to a European military...
- Hispano-BretónHispano-BretónThe Hispano-Bretón is a Spanish breed of horse developed by crossing native Pura Raza Española horses with imported Breton draught horses. The breed is found mainly in two separate areas of northern Spain: Castilla y León and parts of neighbouring Cantabria; and the Pyrenees of Cataluña...
- Hispano-Árabe also known as Hispano or Spanish Anglo-Arab
- Holsteiner horse
- Hungarian WarmbloodHungarian WarmbloodThe Hungarian Warmblood or Hungarian Sport horse as it is also known was developed at the Mezohegyes State Stud in Hungary. Through selective crossing of native Hungarian breeds, a "warmblood sport horse" was established...
- Icelandic horseIcelandic horseThe Icelandic horse is a breed of horse developed in Iceland. Although the horses are small, at times pony-sized, most registries for the Icelandic refer to it as a horse. Icelandic horses are long-lived and hardy. In their native country they have few diseases; Icelandic law prevents horses from...
- Indian Half-BredIndian Half-BredThe Indian Half-Bred was developed in India primarily at the army studs to produce suitable cavalry horses. They are descended from a cross between the native Kathiawari, oriental stock, the Australian Waler and a substantial amount of English Thoroughbred...
- IomudIomudThe Iomud is a light horse breed that developed in Turkmenistan as a natural descendant of the ancient Turkmene horses. It is used for riding and light draft work, and is known for its endurance and ability to withstand desert conditions.-Breed History:...
- Irish DraughtIrish DraughtThe Irish Draught horse is the national horse breed of Ireland which developed primarily for farm use. Today, they are especially popular for crossing with Thoroughbreds and warmbloods, producing the popular Irish Sport Horses which excel at the highest levels of eventing and show jumping.-...
, also spelled Irish Draft
- Irish Sport Horse sometimes called Irish Hunter
- Italian Heavy DraftItalian Heavy DraftThe Italian Heavy Draft, or Rapid Heavy Draft, is a breed of draft horse from Italy. The full Italian name of the breed is Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da Tiro Pesante Rapido, "Italian Rapid Heavy Draft Farm Horse", and the abbreviation TPR ) is often used.Generally chestnut in color, the breed is...
- Italian TrotterItalian TrotterThe Italian Trotter is a harness racing horse developed over the last century by crossing Thoroughbred stallions with French trotters, Russian Trotters and American Standardbred mares. The goal of the selection was to blend the speed of the Standardbred with the stamina of the French Trotter...
- Jaca NavarraJaca NavarraThe Jaca Navarra , or Navarrese horse, is a breed of small horse from the Navarre region of northern Spain. It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction. The total population of the Jaca Navarra has been variously...
- Jutland horse
- Kabarda horse, also known as Kabardian or Kabardin
- Kaimanawa horses
- KarabairKarabairThe Karabair breed is a very old breed based on ancient stock that has been documented as being in the Uzbekistan area before the Christian era.-History:...
- Karabakh horse also known as Azer At
- Karossier see Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
- KathiawariKathiawariThe Kathiawari is a breed of horse from India, originating in the Kathiawar peninsula. Closely related to the Marwari horse, and resembling both that breed and the Arabian horse from which they descend, the Kathiawari was originally bred as a desert war horse for use over long distances, in rough...
- Kazakh Horse
- Kentucky Mountain Saddle HorseKentucky Mountain Saddle HorseThe Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse is a gaited breed of horse developed in eastern Kentucky. They are a medium-sized horse used mainly for under-saddle work.- Characteristics :...
- Kiger MustangKiger MustangKiger Mustang is substrain of Mustang horse located in the southeastern part of U.S. state of Oregon. Originally feral horses with specific conformation traits discovered in 1977, the name also applies to their bred-in-captivity progeny....
- Kinsky horseKinsky horseThe Kinsky horse or Equus Kinsky was Europe's original sport horse. It was bred until the middle of the 20th century in Bohemia, a part of the modern-day Czech Republic. At one time it was the most prominent breed in that part of the world....
- Kisber FelverKisber FelverThe Kisber Felver is a rare sport horse breed developed at the former Kisber Stud in Hungary. The Kisber Felver is not widely known, but has merit in sport horse disciplines. Only a handful of people continue breeding Kisber Felver horses today....
- KladruberKladruberThe Kladruber is the oldest Czech horse breed, and today is considered very rare. The main breeding centre is in National stud farm Kladruby nad Labem in the Czech republic where Kladrubers have been bred for more than 400 years, being now one of the world's oldest horse breeds...
- Knabstrupper
- KonikKonikThe Konik or Polish primitive horse is a small horse, a kind of semi-feral horse, originating in Poland. The Polish word konik is the diminutive of koń, the Polish word for "horse" . However, the name "konik" or "Polish konik" is used to refer to certain specific breeds...
- KustanairKustanairThe Kustanair is a breed of horse developed in Kazakhstan in the former U.S.S.R. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They are used mainly for under-saddle and light draft work.-History:...
L-R
- Latvian horse
- LipizzanLipizzanThe Lipizzan or Lipizzaner , is a breed of horse closely associated with the Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Austria, where the finest representatives demonstrate the haute école or "high school" movements of classical dressage, including the highly controlled, stylized jumps and other movements...
or Lipizzaner - Lithuanian Heavy DraughtLithuanian Heavy DraughtThe Lithuanian Heavy Draught is a draft horse breed created in Lithuania during the 19th and 20th centuries. They are used mainly for heavy draft and farm work, as well as meat production and the improvement of other breeds...
- LokaiLokaiThe Lokai, a mountain horse bred in Tajikistan, is used as a riding horse, a packhorse, or even sometimes a light draft horse. Although small, the breed is agile and hardy...
- Losino horseLosino horseThe Caballo Losino or Caballo de Raza Losina is a breed of horse from the Valle de Losa in the province of Burgos, in Castile and León in northern Spain. It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction....
- LusitanoLusitanoThe Lusitano is a Portuguese horse breed, closely related to the Spanish Andalusian horse. Both are sometimes called Iberian horses, as the breeds both developed on the Iberian peninsula, and until the 1960s they were considered one breed, under the Andalusian name...
- Lyngshest, see Nordlandshest/ Lyngshest
- M'Bayar, see FoutaFoutaA Fouta, also known as a Foutanké, is a breed of light horse from Senegal in West Africa. It is a composite of the Fleuve and M'Bayar breeds....
- MalapolskiMalapolskiThe Malapolski is a Polish breed of horse developed in the 19th century in Lesser Poland, Polish Małopolska, hence the name. It is versatile breed, used today for light draft and under-saddle work.-History:...
- Mallorquín
- MangalargaMangalargaThe Mangalarga is a horse breed that was originally developed in Brazil by Francisco Gabriel Junqueira, the Baron of Alfenas, when he began breeding Royal Alter stallions from Portugal with local colonial mares on his lands in Baependi County at Minas Gerais State.In 1812, when the Junqueira family...
- Mangalarga MarchadorMangalarga MarchadorThe Mangalarga Marchador is a breed of horse. There are over 350,000 registered Mangalarga Marchador horses in Brazil and others registered in countries outside its Brazilian homeland...
- MaremmanoMaremmanoThe Maremmano is a breed of horse originating in the Maremma area of Tuscany and Lazio in Italy. Traditionally a hardy working horse used by the Butteri for livestock management, it is today principally a saddle horse...
- Marismeño horse
- Marsh Tacky, see Carolina Marsh TackyCarolina Marsh TackyThe Carolina Marsh Tacky or Marsh Tacky is a rare breed of horse, native to South Carolina. It is a member of the Colonial Spanish group of horse breeds, which also include the Florida Cracker Horse and the Banker horse of North Carolina. It is a small horse, well adapted for use in the lowland...
- Marwari horseMarwari horseThe Marwari or Malani is a rare breed of horse from the Marwar region of India. Known for its inward-turning ear tips, it comes in all equine colours, although pinto patterns tend to be the most popular with buyers and breeders. It is known for its hardiness, and is quite similar to the...
- MecklenburgerMecklenburgerThe Mecklenburger is a warmblood horse bred in the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern region of north-eastern Germany. The breeding of these horses has been closely linked to the State Stud of Redefin....
- Menorquín
- Mérens horse
- MessaraMessaraThe Messara is a light riding and draft horse found on the island of Crete off the coast of Greece.-History:...
- Mezőhegyesi sport-horse (sportló), or
Mezőhegyes felver, see Hungarian WarmbloodHungarian WarmbloodThe Hungarian Warmblood or Hungarian Sport horse as it is also known was developed at the Mezohegyes State Stud in Hungary. Through selective crossing of native Hungarian breeds, a "warmblood sport horse" was established... - Metis Trotter, see Russian TrotterRussian TrotterThe Russian Trotter or Métis Trotter was developed in Russia to create a horse with a faster trotting speed than the older Russian Orlov Trotter. 156 Standardbred stallions and 220 mares were imported from the United States between the years of 1890 and 1914...
- Miniature horseMiniature horseMiniature horses are found in many nations, particularly in Europe and the Americas. The designation of miniature horse is determined by the height of the animal, which, depending on the particular breed registry involved, is usually less than as measured at the last hairs of the mane, which are...
- Misaki, see pony section
- Missouri Fox TrotterMissouri Fox TrotterThe Missouri Fox Trotter is an American breed of horse with a unique four beat gait. It was bred in the Ozark Mountain foothills, and used by settlers who valued its smoothness.-Breed characteristics:...
- MonchinaMonchinaThe Monchino or Caballo monchino is a breed of horse indigenous to the Valle de Guriezo in the Cantabria region of northern Spain, but extending into neighbouring Biscay province. It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of...
- Mongolian HorseMongolian horseThe Mongol horse is the native horse breed of Mongolia. The breed is purported to be largely unchanged since the time of Genghis Khan. Nomads living in the traditional Mongol fashion still hold more than 3 million animals, which outnumber the country's human population...
- MonterufolinoMonterufolinoThe Monterufolino or Cavallino di Monterufoli is a breed of small horse originating in the province of Pisa, in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association...
- MorabMorabThe Morab is a breed of horse originally developed through the cross-breeding of Arabian and Morgan horses. The breeding of Morab horses began in the late 1880s with the intent of creating a fine carriage horse that was still substantial enough for moderate farm labor...
- Morgan horseMorgan horseThe Morgan is one of the earliest horse breeds developed in the United States. Tracing back to the stallion Figure, later named Justin Morgan after his best-known owner, the breed excels in many disciplines, and is known for its versatility....
- Moyle horseMoyle horseThe Moyle is a very rare breed of horse. The exact origin of the horse is unknown, but is believed that Moyle horses were bred by Rex Moyle in the mid 20th century, using horses with great endurance as well as Mustangs and Cleveland Bays to create what we know as the Moyle horse...
- Murakoz horseMurakoz horseThe Murakoz is a medium-sized draft horse with a kind temperament, strength and a willingness to work. It was developed in south Hungary.-History:...
, Muräkozi, or Muraközi ló (Hungary) - MurgeseMurgeseThe Murgese horse, also known as the Murghese or Murge Horse originated in the Murge, Apulia area of Italy during the Spanish rule, and were developed from Barb and Arabian horses...
- Mustang horse
- Namib Desert HorseNamib Desert HorseThe Namib Desert Horse is a rare horse found in the Namib Desert, of Namibia, Africa. It is most likely the only feral herd of horses residing in Africa. Today, approximately 150 horses now live in 350 square kilometres of the Namib desert. The origin of these animals is unclear, though several...
- Nangchen horseNangchen horseThe Nangchen horse is a small breed of horse native to the Kham region of northern Tibet, thought to have been bred pure since the 9th century. They became known to the western world in 1994 due to the exploration of French anthropologist Michel Peissel....
- National Show HorseNational Show HorseThe National Show Horse, , originated as a cross between an American Saddlebred and an Arabian horse. It is now established as a separate breed, since the founding of a breed registry in August 1981. Registered animals today may be the offspring of registered NSH parents or may be a combination...
- Nez Perce HorseNez Perce HorseThe Nez Perce Horse is a spotted horse breed of the Nez Perce tribe of Idaho. The Nez Perce Horse Registry program began in 1995 in Lapwai, Idaho and is based on cross-breeding the old-line Appaloosa horses with an ancient Central Asian breed called Akhal-Teke...
- NivernaisNivernaisNivernais is former province of France, around the city of Nevers and the département of Nièvre.The raw climate and soils cause the area to be heavily wooded.- References :* Chamber's Encyclopedia Volume 10 page 50...
- Nokota horseNokota horseThe Nokota horse is a feral and semi-feral horse breed located in the badlands of southwestern North Dakota in the United States. The breed developed in the 19th century from foundation bloodstock consisting of ranch-bred horses produced from local Indian horses mixed with Spanish horses,...
- Noma, see Noma pony, in Pony section
- Nonius horse
- Nordlandshest/ Lyngshest
- Noriker horseNoriker horseThe Noriker horse, also called the Norico-Pinzgauer and historically known as the Pinzgauer horse, is a moderately heavy Austrian draught horse breed. The Noriker is considered indigenous to the central Alpine region of Europe, and is believed to have originated around the highest mountain of...
, also called Pinzgauer - Norman CobNorman CobThe Norman Cob or Cob normand is a breed of light draught horse originating in the old province of Normandy in northern France. It resulted from the cross-breeding in the 19th century of the now extinct Carrossier normand breed of Norman carriage horse with English Norfolk trotter, also extinct,...
- Norsk Kaldblodstraver (Norwegian coldblood trotter), see Coldblood trotter
- North Swedish HorseNorth Swedish HorseThe North Swedish Horse is a small heavy horse originating in Sweden. According to different sources, it is considered a light draft horse or a "universal type horse". The breed also has lighter lines, bred for harness racing. The North Swedish Horse is active and tough, and resembles closely its...
- Norwegian Fjord, see Fjord horseFjord horseThe Fjord horse or Norwegian Fjord Horse is a relatively small but very strong horse breed from the mountainous regions of Western Antarctica. It is an agile breed of light draft horse build. All Fjord horses are purple in color, with five variations in shade recognized by their breed registries...
- NovokirghizNovokirghizThe Novokirghiz horse is a breed of horse developed in the 1930s in Kirghizia . It was developed by breeding the Old Kirghiz with Thoroughbred, Russian Don, and Anglo-Don horses. It is also known by the name Novokirgizskaya ....
- Oberlander HorseOberlander HorseThe Oberlander Horse is a horse that is well known in the South German state of Bavaria, although not very well known in other places of the world.About 4000 horses of the Oberlander breed are currently found in Bavaria...
- Oldenburg horse, also spelled Oldenburgh, Oldenburger
- Orlov trotterOrlov TrotterThe Orlov Trotter is a horse breed with a hereditary fast trot, noted for its outstanding speed and stamina. It is the most famous Russian horse. The breed was developed in Russia in the late 18th century by Count Alexei Orlov at his Khrenovskoy Stud farm near the town of Bobrov...
- Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
- Paint, see American Paint HorseAmerican Paint HorseThe American Paint Horse is a breed of horse that combines both the conformational characteristics of a western stock horse with a pinto spotting pattern of white and dark coat colors. Developed from a base of spotted horses with Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred bloodlines, the American Paint Horse...
- Pampa horsePampa horseThe Pampa horse is a breed of horses from Brazil. It is an extremely obedient horse which is suitable for all uses. The Associação de Cavalo Pampa is located in Belo Horizonte. The minimum height is 1.50m for males and 1.45m for females....
- Paso FinoPaso FinoThe Paso Fino is a naturally gaited light horse breed dating back to horses imported to the Caribbean from Spain. Pasos are prized for their smooth, natural, four beat, lateral ambling gait and are used in many disciplines, but are especially popular for trail riding...
- Pentro horsePentro horseThe Pentro Horse is a breed of horse originating in the area of Isernia, in the Molise region of Italy. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association. It takes its name from the ancient Samnite tribe of the Pentri...
- PercheronPercheronThe Percheron is a breed of draft horse that originated in the Perche valley in northern France. Percherons are usually gray or black in color. They are well-muscled, and known for their intelligence and willingness to work. Although their exact origins are unknown, the ancestors of the breed were...
- Persano horsePersano horseThe Persano is a horse breed created at the Royal Stud of Persano near Serre in the Italian province of Salerno. It is similar in appearance to an Anglo Arabian and was created by crossing Andalusians, Arabians, Persians and Mecklenburgers....
- Peruvian PasoPeruvian PasoThe Peruvian Paso or Peruvian Horse is a breed of light pleasure saddle horse known for its smooth ride. It is distinguished by a natural, four-beat, lateral gait called the paso llano.-History:...
, sometimes called Peruvian Stepping Horse - PintabianPintabianThe Pintabian is a breed of horse that has over 99% Arabian blood as verified by the ., and displays the Tobiano color pattern. Any horse less than 99% Arabian, or not verified as such by the Pintabian Horse Registry Inc., is not considered a Pintabian....
- Pleven horse
- Poitevin horse also called Mulassier
- Pottok, see pony section
- Pryor Mountain MustangPryor Mountain MustangThe Pryor Mountain Mustang is a substrain of Mustang considered to be genetically unique and one of the few strains of horses verified by DNA analysis to be descended from the original Colonial Spanish Horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. They live on the Pryor Mountains Wild Horse...
- Przewalski's HorsePrzewalski's HorsePrzewalski's Horse or Dzungarian Horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia.At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu...
, also known as Takhi, Mongolian Wild Horse or Asian Wild Horse. (Species, not a "breed" but listed here for convenience) - Purosangue OrientalePurosangue OrientaleThe Purosangue Orientale or Puro Sangue Orientale , is a horse breed developed in the Kingdom of Italy by Royal Decree n° 2690 of 19 September 1875, which created a stud book dedicated to the breed...
- QatganiQatgani-References:*...
- QuarabQuarabThe Quarab is a horse breed from the United States, developed from a cross of Arabian horses, American Quarter Horses and Paint horses. Members of the breed are found that resemble all three of the foundation breeds, leading to three recognized types: Straight or Foundation , Stock and...
- Quarter Horse, see American Quarter HorseAmerican Quarter HorseThe American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other breeds of horses in races of a quarter mile or less; some individuals have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph...
- Racking horseRacking horseThe Racking Horse is horse breed derived from the Tennessee Walking Horse, recognized by the USDA in 1978. It is known for a distinctive singlefoot gait. The breed has its own organization, the Racking Horse Breeders' Association of America, headquartered in Decatur, AL. Its goal is to...
- Retuerta horse
- Rhenish-German Cold-BloodRhenish-German Cold-BloodThe Rhenish-German Cold-Blood is a big horse which comes from Germany. This cold-blood was very popular in its heyday at the beginning of the 20th century, but now there are fewer uses.-History:...
also known as Rhineland
Heavy Draft - Rhinelander horse
- Riwoche horseRiwoche horseThe Riwoche horse is a very small horse, discovered in an isolated region of Tibet in 1995. Previously unknown to science, these small animals may be an evolutionary link between the prehistoric wild horse and the modern domestic horse, though it could also be a domesticated variety that reverted...
- Rocky Mountain HorseRocky Mountain HorseAround the turn of the 20th century, a young horse soon to be called the Rocky Mountain Horse appeared in eastern Kentucky that gave rise to a line of horses prized by North American and European owners. On the farm of Sam Tuttle in Spout Springs Kentucky, there stood a stallion "Old Tobe"...
- Romanian SporthorseRomanian SporthorseThe Romanian Sporthorse is a breed of horse developed in Romania during the mid-20th century. They are a mixture of Anglo-Arabian, Furioso-North Star, Nonius and Thoroughbred blood. Since the closing of the stud book, the breed has declined in population...
- Rottaler, see Heavy warmbloodHeavy warmbloodThe Heavy Warmbloods are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe. The title includes the Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger , Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria...
- Russian DonRussian DonThe Russian Don is a breed of horse developed in and named after the steppes region of Russia where the Don River flows. Utilized originally as cavalry horses for the Cossacks, they are currently used for under-saddle work and driving.-Characteristics:...
- Russian Heavy DraftRussian Heavy DraftThe Russian Heavy Draft is a draft horse developed in the Soviet Union, that was officially registered in 1952.- Characteristics :The Russian Heavy Draft is usually short and muscular, with thick manes and tails and legs that are lightly feathered. This breed is known for having excellent traction...
- Russian TrotterRussian TrotterThe Russian Trotter or Métis Trotter was developed in Russia to create a horse with a faster trotting speed than the older Russian Orlov Trotter. 156 Standardbred stallions and 220 mares were imported from the United States between the years of 1890 and 1914...
S-Z
- Saddlebred, see American SaddlebredAmerican SaddlebredThe American Saddlebred, formerly known as the American Saddle Horse, is a breed of horse that was developed in Kentucky by plantation owners. Today, in the horse show world, they are most commonly seen under saddle in Saddle seat style riding, and in various types of driving, including pleasure...
- Salerno horse
- Samolaco horse
- San Fratello horse
- Sarcidano horse
- Sardinian Anglo-Arab, also known as Sardinian Horse
- Sella ItalianoSella ItalianoSella Italiano is an equine breed created in Italy. The Italian Government has passed a law that created a stud book for the new breed. The breed is blending the remnant indigenous Italian breeds of Maremmano, Salernitano and Persano horse with Anglo Arabo Sardo, Purosangue Orientale, Arabian and...
- Selle Français
- Shagya ArabianShagya ArabianThe Shagya Arabian was developed in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century at the Bábolna, Mezőhegyes, Radautz, Piber, and Topolcianky studs. Today it is most often seen in the Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, the former Yugoslavian countries, Poland, Germany, and Hungary, but has...
- Shire horseShire horseThe Shire horse is a breed of draught horse or draft horse . The breed comes in many colours, including black, bay and grey. They are a tall breed, with mares standing and over and stallions standing and over. The breed has an enormous capacity for weight pulling, and Shires have held the world...
- Siciliano indigenoSiciliano indigenoThe Siciliano Indigeno is a breed of horse from Sicily resulting for the admixture of Oriental and African Horses, with the contribution of African Horses being the greatest...
- Silesian horseSilesian horseThe Silesian horse, Polish: Koń śląski, Silesian: Ślůnski kůń, is a breed of warmblood horse from the area of historic Silesia, which lies mostly within modern Poland. It is the heaviest of the Polish warmblood breeds, and has been influenced mainly by the Thoroughbred and Oldenburg, and partly by...
- SorraiaSorraiaThe Sorraia is a rare breed of horse indigenous to the portion of the Iberian peninsula known today as Portugal. The Sorraia is known for its primitive features, including a convex profile and dun coloring with primitive markings...
- Sokolsky horseSokolsky horseThe Sokolsky, or Sokolka, is a horse breed that originated in Poland. It is used for heavy draft and farm work, and are a tough breed with great stamina.-History:...
- Soviet Heavy DraftSoviet Heavy DraftThe Soviet Heavy Draft is a breed of draft horse, originating in Russia at the end of the 19th century. The modern breed became established by the 1940s.-History:...
- Spanish Jennet HorseSpanish Jennet HorseThe Spanish Jennet Horse is a new breed registry dedicated to an attempt to recreate a colored variety of gaited horse that resembles the historical Jennet or "Spanish Jennet." The Jennet was a smooth-gaited type of horse popular in the Middle Ages, known for their presence, style and smooth...
, modern, not to be confused with the historic JennetJennetA Jennet or Spanish Jennet was a small Spanish horse. It was noted for a smooth naturally ambling gait, compact and well-muscled build, and a good disposition...
or Spanish Jennet (see Archaic types, below) - Spanish MustangSpanish MustangThe Spanish Mustang is a horse breed of historical importance. They descend from horses introduced from Spain during the early conquest of the Americas. They are a type that today is mostly or wholly now extinct in Spain...
- Spanish-Norman horseSpanish-Norman horseThe Spanish-Norman horse is a warmblood horse breed that is the result of crosses between two much older breeds – the Andalusian of Spain and the Percheron of France. In 1991, a registry was created in Connecticut in the United States to maintain records of the breed...
- Spanish Tarpan, see SorraiaSorraiaThe Sorraia is a rare breed of horse indigenous to the portion of the Iberian peninsula known today as Portugal. The Sorraia is known for its primitive features, including a convex profile and dun coloring with primitive markings...
- Spotted Saddle horseSpotted Saddle horseThe Spotted Saddle horse is a relatively new breed of horse that was developed by crossing Spanish-American type pinto horses with gaited horse breeds to produce a colorful horse that was smooth gaited and possessed strength and stamina...
- Standardbred horseStandardbred horseStandardbreds are a breed of horse best known for their ability to race in harness at a trot or pace instead of under saddle at a gallop. Developed in North America, the breed is now recognized worldwide for its harness racing ability...
- Suffolk PunchSuffolk PunchThe Suffolk Punch, also historically known as the Suffolk Horse or Suffolk Sorrel, is an English breed of draught horse. The breed takes the first part of its name from the county of Suffolk in East Anglia, and the name "Punch" from its solid appearance and strength...
- Svensk Kallblodstravare (Swedish coldblood trotter), see Coldblood trotter
- Swedish ArdennesSwedish ArdennesThe Swedish Ardennes is a medium-size, heavyweight draft horse. It was bred in Sweden during the late 19th century to satisfy farmers' demand for horses suitable for agriculture.- Characteristics :...
- Swedish WarmbloodSwedish WarmbloodThe Swedish Warmblood is a horse that was developed at Strömsholm and Flyinge. It descends from imported stock in the 17th century. The horses imported to Sweden were from Denmark, Germany, England, Hungary, France, Russia, Spain, and Turkey...
- Swiss WarmbloodSwiss WarmbloodThe Swiss Warmblood, also called the Einsiedler, was a horse breed, founded in the 10th century on the local Schwyer stock. It was first bred at the Benedictine Monastery of Einsiedeln...
- TaishuhTaishuhThe Taishuh, also known as the Taisu, this breed of horse originated on the Tsu Island of Japan. It is used for riding and light draft. The Taishuh is an ancient breed which is believed to date back to the eighth century. There were more than 4000 of them in 1920, but today only about sixty-five...
- TawleedTawleedThe Tawleed horse breed was developed in the Kartoum region of Sudan. This breed was formed by breeding native horses with an exotic breed. The Tawleed horses are used as a riding horse. There is very little known about this breed....
- Tchernomor, see Budyonny horse
- Tennessee Walking Horse
- Tersk horse
- ThoroughbredThoroughbredThe Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word thoroughbred is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed...
- Tinker horse, see Gypsy Vanner horseGypsy Vanner horseThe Gypsy Horse , also known as an Irish cob , Gypsy Cob, Gypsy Vanner , Coloured Cob or Tinker horse , is a horse breed. The breed originates from the UK and Ireland...
- Tiger HorseTiger HorseTiger horses are gaited, spotted horses with a coat color much like the Appaloosa. The tiger horse can exhibit various ambling gaits including various lateral gaits called the "Glider Gait" or Indian shuffle, stepping pace, and running walk, as well as the diagonal Fox Trot...
- TolfetanoTolfetanoThe Tolfetano or Cavallo Tolfetano is a breed of horse from the northern part of the Lazio region of Italy. It is indigenous to the Monti della Tolfa range of hills which lie within the Maremma Laziale, and which give the breed its name...
- Tori horse
- Trait Du NordTrait Du NordThe Trait du Nord, previously known also as Ardennais du Nord or Ardennais de type Nord, is a breed of heavy draft horse developed and bred in the area of Hainaut in western Belgium and in north-eastern France. Originally considered a sub-type of the Ardennes, it became an individual breed with the...
- TrakehnerTrakehnerTrakehner is a light warmblood breed of horse, originally developed at the East Prussian state stud farm in the town of Trakehnen from which the breed takes its name...
- Tuigpaard, see Dutch harness horseDutch harness horse-See also:*Heavy warmblood*Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger*Groningen Horse*Gelderland *Dutch Warmblood*American Saddlebred*Hackney -External links:**...
- Ukrainian Riding HorseUkrainian Riding HorseThe Ukrainian Riding Horse or Ukrainian Saddle Horse a breed developed in Ukraine after World War II to meet the ever-increasing demand for sport horses, was first bred at the Dnipropetrovsk stud. Today, it is bred at the studs of Derkulsk, Yagonitsk, and Aleksandriisk...
- Unmol HorseUnmol HorseThe Unmol Horse is a rare breed of horse from Asia. It is extremely rare and is verging on extinction, if not already extinct.In spite of all the efforts made some years ago by the Army Remount Department to save this breed, it is doubtful that any purebreds are left...
- UzunyaylaUzunyaylaOrigin of the Uzunyayla breed dates to 1854 in Turkey. Ancestors of the breed came from the Caucasus, and it is believed that they were of the Kabarda breed...
- Ventasso horseVentasso HorseThe Ventasso Horse is a rare breed of horse originating from the upper Val d'Enza valley in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association...
(Cavallo Del Ventasso) - Virginia highlanderVirginia highlanderThe Virginia highlander is a small breed of horse with a four-beat ambling gait.The inspiration for the breed was Pogo, a chestnut stallion foaled in 1960, a small crossbred horse, thought to have been sired by a Welsh pony, out of an Arabian/Tennessee Walker mare. He had a natural singlefoot...
- VlaamperdVlaamperdThe Vlaamperd, SA Vlamperd or Vlamperd is a very rare horse breed developed in the Western Cape region of South Africa. It was a cross between the Friesian, Thoroughbred, Hackney, Cape Harness horse, and assorted heavy warmblood breeds on smaller Cape horses...
- Vladimir Heavy DraftVladimir Heavy DraftThe Vladimir Heavy Draft is a breed of draft horse which comes from Vladimir, in the former USSR, in Russia. It is a strong horse that is an all-around draft horse of medium size.-History:...
- Vyatka, see pony section
- Waler horseWaler horseThe Waler is an Australian breed of riding horses that developed from the horses that were brought to the Australian colonies in the 19th century...
, also known as Waler or Australian
Waler - WalkaloosaWalkaloosaThe Walkaloosa horse is a horse that performs an intermediate ambling gait besides the trot. Simply stated, they are a gaited horse with Appaloosa patterning....
- Warmblood, see "Types of horse" below, or
individual warmblood breed articles - WarlanderWarlanderThe Warlander is a horse of Baroque type, produced by crossing Andalusian and Friesian breeds. The ideal Warlander combines the Andalusian's intelligence, facility for collection, flexibility, and powerful hindquarters, with the Friesian's tractability, dramatic leg action, "bone", and strong...
- Welsh Cob (Section D), see Welsh ponyWelsh PonyThe Welsh Pony and Cob are closely related horse breeds including both pony and cob types, which originated in Wales in the United Kingdom...
- Westphalian horse
- WielkopolskiWielkopolskiThe Wielkopolski is a breed of horse that was originated in Central and Western Poland in 1964, and is occasionally known as Mazursko-Poznanski...
- WürttembergerWürttembergerThe Württemberger, Baden-Württemberger or Württemberg is a Warmblood horse breed originating in Germany. They are primarily riding horses, and are selectively bred for dressage and show jumping.-Breed History:...
or Württemberg - Xilingol horseXilingol horseA horse of central Inner Mongolia, the Xilingol is a light horse that is used both for riding and for draft purposes. In the 1960s, it was developed by breeding Russian Thoroughbred, Akhal-Teke, Sanhe, and Chinese Mongolian, after which Kabarda and Don breeding were introduced into the breed. The...
- Yakutian horseYakutian horseThe Yakutian horse , sometimes called the Yakut horse, Yakut pony or simply the Yakut, is a rare native horse breed from the Siberian Sakha Republic region. It is large compared to the otherwise similar Mongolian horse and Przewalski's horse breeds...
- Yili horseYili horse- Characteristics :They are compact in conformation with a light head and straight profile. The withers are well pronounced and the back is short and strong, though the loin is long. The legs are clean...
- Yonaguni horse
- ZweibrückerZweibrückerThe Zweibrücker is a type of German warmblood horse bred in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. Traditionally, the breeding of Zweibrücken was centered around the onetime Principal Stud of Zweibrücken but since 1977 has been under the jurisdiction of the Horse Breeders' Association of...
- Žemaitukas, also known as Zemaituka, Zhumd,
Zhemaichu, or Zhmudk, see Pony section.
Pony breeds
Ponies are usually classified as members of Equus caballus that mature at less than 14.2 hands. However, some pony breeds may occasionally have individuals who mature over 14.2 but retain all other breed characteristics. There are also some breeds that now frequently mature over 14.2 hands due to modern nutrition and management, yet retain the historic classification "pony." For the purposes of this list, if a breed registry classifies the breed as a "pony," it is listed here as such, even if some individuals have horse characteristics.(Please note: Because of this designation by the preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse
Miniature horse
Miniature horses are found in many nations, particularly in Europe and the Americas. The designation of miniature horse is determined by the height of the animal, which, depending on the particular breed registry involved, is usually less than as measured at the last hairs of the mane, which are...
breeds are listed as "horses," not ponies)
A-K
- American Shetland, see Shetland ponyShetland ponyThe Shetland pony is a breed of pony originating in the Shetland Isles. Shetlands range in size from a minimum height of approximately 28 inches to an official maximum height of 42 inches at the withers. Shetland ponies have heavy coats, short legs and are considered quite intelligent...
- American Walking PonyAmerican Walking PonyThe American Walking Pony is a relatively new breed, which was developed mainly for the use as a show horse in gaited competitions. Although it has three unique gaits, it is able to compete in seven. Due to its Welsh Pony heritage, the pony also makes an excellent light hunter.-History:The American...
- Anadolu ponyAnadolu ponyThe Anadolu Pony is a Turkish breed of horse developed over 1,000 years ago. They are known for their speed, endurance and hardiness.- Characteristics :...
also called Anadolu Ati - Ariegeois Pony see Mérens horse in horse section
- Assateague Pony, see Chincoteague PonyChincoteague PonyThe Chincoteague Pony, also known as the Assateague horse, is a breed of pony that developed and lives in a feral condition on Assateague Island in the United States states of Virginia and Maryland. The breed was made famous by the Misty of Chincoteague series written by Marguerite Henry starting...
- Asturian pony, see AsturconAsturcónThe Asturcón is a pony from the Asturias region of northern Spain. The ancient breed's ancestry is not known, although it is thought to have been from crosses between the Sorraia, Garrano, and the ancient Celtic pony...
in horse section - Australian PonyAustralian PonyThe Australian Pony is a breed of pony that developed in Australia. It was greatly influenced by the native British breeds, especially the Welsh Pony, as well as some Arabian bloodlines.-Characteristics:...
- Australian Riding PonyAustralian Riding PonyThe Australian Riding Pony is a breed of pony developed in Australia since the 1970s. It has been greatly influenced by the British Riding Pony, the Thoroughbred and Arabian bloodlines.- Characteristics :...
- Bali PonyBali Pony- Characteristics :The Bali ponies are quite hardy and self-sufficient, surviving with little outside care. They are tough animals that are not shod and are remarkably sound, with hard feet, and strong legs...
- Bashkir PonyBashkir PonyThe Bashkir Pony is an ancient breed developed in the mountain/steppe zone near the Volga and the Urals in the former USSR. They are probably related to the Steppe horses of Western Asia...
- Basque Pony, see PottokPottokThe Pottok or Pottoka , is an endangered, semi-feral breed of pony native to the Pyrenees of the Basque Country in France and Spain.It is considered an ancient breed of horse, particularly well adapted to the harsh mountain areas it traditionally inhabits.Once common, it is endangered through...
- Basuto ponyBasuto pony- Characteristics :The Basuto is considered a small horse, since it possesses horse-like characteristics, such as an exceptionally long stride. Basutos have a rather heavy head, a long neck and long, straight back, a straight shoulder, and a muscular, sloping croup. They have very tough legs and...
, also spelled Basotho pony - Batak PonyBatak PonyThe Batak Pony is a pony breed from Indonesia. Originating in Central Sumatra, it is thought to have descended from Mongolian Horse and Arabian blood, and has continually been infused with additional Arabian blood to improve its quality...
- Bhutia Pony, also Bhotia, Bhote ghoda, Bhutan, Bhutani, Bhutua see Indian Country Bred
- Boer PonyBoer PonyThe Boer Pony is a calm, tough pony originating from South Africa. It is often referred to as the Boerperd. Two varieties exist, the Boerperd, a general breed, and the more refined Cape Boerperd.- Characteristics :...
- Bosnian PonyBosnian PonyThe Bosnian Pony is a member of the group of horses known as the Balkan breeds, and is thought to be descended from a cross between the Tarpan and the Asian Wild Horse.-History:...
- British Riding Pony, see Riding Pony in "types of horse" section
- British Spotted PonyBritish Spotted PonyThe British Spotted Pony is a small pony breed originating in England. It has existed for several centuries. The main distinguishing feature of the breed is its leopard-spotted colouration. The height at withers varies greatly, between and . An even larger horse-type variant existed, but is...
- Burmese PonyBurmese PonyThe Burmese Pony originated in the Shan state of Eastern Myanmar , where it is bred today by local hill tribes. It shows similarities to the Bhutia, Spiti, and Manipuri ponies of the Himalayan Mountains, suggesting these breeds have a similar origin, most likely deriving from the Mongolian horse...
- Carpathian Pony, see Hucul PonyHucul ponyThe Hucul or Carpathian is a pony or small horse breed originally from the Carpathian Mountains. It has a heavy build and possesses great endurance and hardiness. The breed is also referred to as the Carpathian pony, Huculska, Hutsul, Huţul, Huţan or Huzul...
- Canadian rustic ponyCanadian rustic ponyThe Canadian Rustic Pony is a breed of pony that originated in Canada, particularly Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The pony is the result of a crossing between the Heck horse and Welsh pony-Arabian horse crosses.-History:...
- Caspian pony, see Caspian horse
- Chincoteague PonyChincoteague PonyThe Chincoteague Pony, also known as the Assateague horse, is a breed of pony that developed and lives in a feral condition on Assateague Island in the United States states of Virginia and Maryland. The breed was made famous by the Misty of Chincoteague series written by Marguerite Henry starting...
- Chinese GuoxiaChinese GuoxiaThere are many different breeds of horse in China, most of which are ancient and descended from the Mongolian horse. Although many of the breeds are small in stature, they are considered to be small horses, not ponies, and will often, when provided with good care and adequate nutrition, mature well...
- Coffin Bay PonyCoffin Bay PonyThe Coffin Bay Pony is a semi-feral horse that developed in Australia. These ponies evolved from foundation bloodstock of 60 Timor Ponies that were imported by English settlers from Indonesia to Coffin Bay, on the southern tip of the Eyre Peninsula at Coffin Bay, South Australia.Coffin Bay Ponies...
- Connemara ponyConnemara ponyThe Connemara pony is a pony breed originating in Ireland. They are known for their athleticism, versatility and good disposition. The breed makes excellent show ponies.-History:...
- Czechoslovakian Small Riding PonyCzechoslovakian Small Riding PonyThe Czechoslovakian Small Riding Pony is a breed of pony, used as a riding animal for children. Development of this small riding pony began in 1980 at the Agricultural University in Nitra. The initial breeding stock, about seventy mares, were kept at the Nová Bana farm.Broodmares were selected...
- Dales PonyDales Pony-External links:****...
- Danish Sport PonyDanish Sport PonyThe Danish Sport Pony is a breed of riding pony. The Danish Sport Pony Breeding Association began breeding for the pony in the 1970s. The ponies are classified according to height and grouped into three classifications. It is usually dark, although the classic color was originally gray...
- Dartmoor ponyDartmoor pony-External links:*...
- Deli ponyDeli ponyThe Deli pony is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Closely related to the Batak Pony, both breeds developed in the Batak hills. The name of the breed most likely came from the large numbers of ponies exported from the port of Deli...
- Deutsches Reitpony see German Riding PonyGerman Riding PonyThe Deutsche Reitpony or German Riding Pony is a very popular pony breed in Germany. It is described as a "miniature warmblood" with refined, horse-like characteristics that make it suitable as both a children's pony and as a mount for sport horse competition in Europe...
- Dülmen PonyDulmen ponyThe Dülmen is the only native pony breed in Germany, now that the Senner pony of the Teutoburg Forest is extinct. They make good children's ponies and adapt well to domesticated life. They are also good for driving in harness, and are also used to work the land.-Breed characteristics:The ponies...
- Eriskay ponyEriskay ponyThe Eriskay Pony is a breed of pony from Scotland. It is generally grey in colour, and has a dense, waterproof coat that protects it in harsh weather. The breed developed in ancient times in the Hebrides islands in Scotland, and a small population remained pure and protected from crossbreeding by...
- Esperia PonyEsperia PonyExternal Links*...
- Exmoor ponyExmoor ponyThe Exmoor pony is a horse breed native to the British Isles, where some still roam as semi-feral livestock on Exmoor, a large area of moorland in Devon and Somerset in southwest England. The Exmoor is one of the British Isles mountain and moorland pony breeds, having conformation similar to that...
- Falabella, see FalabellaFalabellaFalabella is a Chilean department store retailer owned by the Falabella company-Locations and products:Falabella department stores can be found in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Peru. Falabella Department stores sell a wide variety of merchandise including apparel, home furnishings, electronics and...
in horse section - Faroe ponyFaroe ponyThe Faroe pony, Faeroes Pony, or Faroese Horse, is a small pony, its height is between Because of its height it is technically a pony, but people on the Faroe Islands call it a horse because of its strength. The colors of the pony are mainly brown, chestnut and black...
- Fell PonyFell ponyThe Fell Pony is a versatile, working breed of mountain and moorland pony originating in the north of England in Cumberland and Westmorland and Northumberland. It was originally bred on the fell farms of northwest England, and is used as a riding and driving pony...
- Flores pony, see Timor PonyTimor PonyThe Timor Pony was developed on Timor Island, likely from Indian breeds of horses and ponies that were imported to the island. The Timor Pony is thought to be closely related to the Flores Pony, which was developed on nearby Flores Island. Both breeds are used by the local people for cattle work, ...
- French Saddle PonyFrench Saddle PonyThe French Saddle Pony, also called the Poney Français de Selle, is pony breed developed as a sport pony for children and smaller adult riders...
- Galician PonyGalician ponyThe Galician pony , is a breed of pony developed in Galicia .It has had an influence on the Galiceno breed in Mexico and, allegedly, on the Mustang. It is thought to have developed partly from a mix of Celtic horses, Roman horses and horses brought to Galicia by the Swabians. The ponies are hardy...
- GarranoGarranoThe Garrano is an ancient breed of horse from Galicia and northern Portugal, mainly used as a pack horse, for riding, and for light farm work.-Breed history:...
- GayoeGayoeThe Gayoe, also known as the kuda-Gayo is a pony from the island of Sumatra, found near Aceh. The name is derived from the Gayoe hills in the north of the island....
- German Riding PonyGerman Riding PonyThe Deutsche Reitpony or German Riding Pony is a very popular pony breed in Germany. It is described as a "miniature warmblood" with refined, horse-like characteristics that make it suitable as both a children's pony and as a mount for sport horse competition in Europe...
, also called Deutsche Reitpony
or Weser-Ems Pony - Gotland PonyGotland Pony-External links:**...
- Guizhou ponyGuizhou pony-History:As Guizhou is a mountainous province, agriculture was developed as early as 770 B.C. in the basin area of the province, and trade in horses and salt was of great importance...
- Guangxi, see Baise horseBaise horseThe Baise horse is a pony-sized horse breed native to the autonomous region of Guangxi, in southern China. Like other Asian breeds , it thrives at high altitudes and roams freely when not working...
- Gǔo-xìa pony, see Chinese GuoxiaChinese GuoxiaThere are many different breeds of horse in China, most of which are ancient and descended from the Mongolian horse. Although many of the breeds are small in stature, they are considered to be small horses, not ponies, and will often, when provided with good care and adequate nutrition, mature well...
- Hackney ponyHackney ponyThe Hackney pony is a breed of pony closely related to the Hackney horse. Originally bred to pull carriages, they are used today primarily as show ponies. The breed does not have its own stud book, but shares one with the Hackney Horse in all countries that have an official Hackney Stud Book...
- Highland PonyHighland PonyThe Highland Pony is a native Scottish pony, and is one of the largest of the mountain and moorland pony breeds of the British Isles. Its pedigree dates back to the 1880s...
, see also GarronGarronA garron or garran is a type of horse. The term occurs in Scotland and in Ireland, and generally refers to an undersized and much-despised beast.... - Hokkaido PonyHokkaido PonyThe Hokkaido pony, generally called Do-san-ko as a term of endearment, is an old but rare breed of pony native to Japan.-History:The Hokkaido pony is thought to have been brought to Hokkaidō from Honshū by fishermen during the Edo period...
- Hucul PonyHucul ponyThe Hucul or Carpathian is a pony or small horse breed originally from the Carpathian Mountains. It has a heavy build and possesses great endurance and hardiness. The breed is also referred to as the Carpathian pony, Huculska, Hutsul, Huţul, Huţan or Huzul...
- Hunter Pony, see "types of horse" section
- Icelandic pony, see Icelandic horseIcelandic horseThe Icelandic horse is a breed of horse developed in Iceland. Although the horses are small, at times pony-sized, most registries for the Icelandic refer to it as a horse. Icelandic horses are long-lived and hardy. In their native country they have few diseases; Icelandic law prevents horses from...
in horse section - Indian Country Bred
- Java PonyJava PonyThe Java pony is a breed of pony developed on the island of Java in Indonesia. It is thought to have descended from wild forebears of Mongolian Wild Horse ancestry...
- Kerry bog ponyKerry bog ponyThe Kerry Bog Pony is a very old Mountain and Moorland breed of pony originating in Ireland, and traditionally used for hauling peat from the bogs, as well as for general work on small holdings. The breed has a reputation for gentle temperament and versatility, originally used as a small draft...
L-Z
- Landais PonyLandais PonyThe Landais or Barthais is a small pony from the Landes region of southwest France, and from the area of Pau in particular.-History:...
- Lijiang ponyLijiang ponyLijiang ponies are a newly developed breed of horse, restricted to the Lijiang District, in China. This is an area of high altitude with a greatly varied climate. The economy required a more powerful pony than was found in the area, so in 1944 the Arabian, Yili, Hequ, Kabarda and small type...
- Lundy PonyLundy PonyThe Lundy Pony is a breed of pony first developed on Lundy Island in England. The breed originated in 1928, when the owner of the island, Martin Coles Harman, introduced 34 New Forest pony mares, eight foals and a Welsh Mountain B strawberry roan stallion. Diana Keast, his daughter, explained why...
- Manipuri PonyManipuri PonyThe Manipuri pony is a breed of pony developed in India. It is an old breed and is thought to have developed from crosses between the Mongolian Wild Horse and the Arabian that were subsequently brought to India by invading Tartar tribes...
- Merens Pony, see Ariegeois pony
- Miniature horse, see horse section
- MisakiMisakiThe is a breed of pony that is native to Japan. Like other native horses of Japan, it is believed to have developed from horses brought to Japan from China, with the earliest imports dating back at least 2,000 years....
- Miyako PonyMiyako PonyThe is a rare breed of pony originating from Miyako Island, in Japan.The Miyako is one of eight breeds considered native to Japan. Miyako Island in Okinawa Prefecture has been known as a horse breeding area for centuries, and small horses have always been found in this area...
- Narym PonyNarym PonyThe Narym Pony is similar to the Ob pony breed and originated near the same area in the central of the region near the Ob River of Western Siberia. The two breeds live under much the same ecological and economical conditions, and may be considered two groups or types of the same breed of northern...
- New Forest PonyNew Forest ponyThe New Forest Pony or New Forester is one of the recognised Mountain and moorland or Native pony breeds of the British Isles. The breed is valued for its hardiness, strength and sureness of foot...
- Newfoundland ponyNewfoundland ponyThe Newfoundland pony is a breed of pony originating in Newfoundland formerly used as a beast of burden. It was considered the all purpose pony, in large part because it has several desirable characteristics: stamina, strength, intelligence, courage, obedience, willingness, and common sense...
- Noma ponyNoma ponyThe is a pony breed originating in Imabari, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. They originated in the 17th century from Mongolian stock, and are the smallest native ponies from that country, standing about up to 10.1 to 10.3 hh. The ponies are used for draft and riding...
- Nooitgedacht ponyNooitgedacht ponyOne of the few indigenous breeds in South Africa, the Nooitgedacht pony is the only true descendant of the better-known Basuto pony. The Nooigedacht is a rare horse breed, with only about 400 purebreds in existence.- History :...
- Northlands Pony, see NordlandshestNordlandshestNordlandshest/Lyngshest also known as the "Northlands horse" or "Northlands pony", is the smallest of the three Norwegian national horse breeds. Translated to English, the name could be interpreted to be "horse from Nordland/Lyngen". The breed known today originated in Lyngen, but was given the...
in the horse section - Ob ponyOb ponyThe rare Ob pony, also known as the Priob, is from western Siberia in Russia and is used as a draft pony.Similar to the Narym Pony, the Ob pony is bred in the Khanty-Mansi national district near the lower areas of the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The climate is severe with extreme cold, deep snow and lack...
also called Priob pony - Peneia PonyPeneia PonyThe Peneia Pony is a rare breed of pony from the Peloponnese in southern Greece. Peneia is a poetic name for the peninsula, often found in classical texts.-History:...
- Petiso ArgentinoPetiso ArgentinoThe Petiso Argentino is a new pony breed developed from Shetland ponies and Welsh ponies imported by Argentine farmers in the first half of the 20th Century. There is undoubtedly also a bit of Criollo blood in this pony, judging by the colour and conformation of the breed...
- Pindos PonyPindos Pony-Links:*...
- Poney MousseyePoney Mousseye-History:The exact heritage of the Pony Mousseye is not known although it is thought that may have some common roots with the Nigerian. They are small ponies, which also exhibit some horse-like characteristics, and, like the Nigerian, the Poney Mousseye has been described as a 'degenerate...
- Pony of the AmericasPony of the AmericasThe Pony of the Americas, or the POA, was developed to be a children’s pony. The breed’s origins are in America, where an Iowa breeder accidentally crossed a Shetland stallion with an Arabian/Appaloosa mare to produce a pony-sized mount with leopard complex spotting.-Breed Characteristics:The POA...
- PottokPottokThe Pottok or Pottoka , is an endangered, semi-feral breed of pony native to the Pyrenees of the Basque Country in France and Spain.It is considered an ancient breed of horse, particularly well adapted to the harsh mountain areas it traditionally inhabits.Once common, it is endangered through...
- Quarter ponyQuarter ponyThe Quarter pony is a breed of pony that is similar to the American Quarter Horse. It stands up to high and was developed from American Quarter Horse foundation bloodstock and is used today in a variety of western riding disciplines.-Characteristics:...
- Riding Pony, see "types of
horses" section - Sable Island PonySable Island PonyThe Sable Island Pony, also known as the Sable Island Horse, is a type of feral horse found on Sable Island, an island off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. The first horses were brought to the island for pasture in the late eighteenth century, and additional horses were later transported to...
- Sandalwood PonySandalwood PonyThe Sandalwood Pony originated in Indonesia, on the Sumba and Sumbawa Islands. It is named after the Sandalwood trees, which are a major export of the country. The Sandalwood pony is one of the finest in the country, partly due to the great amount of Arabian blood. They make suitable children's...
- Sardinian Pony, see Sardinian horse
- Shetland ponyShetland ponyThe Shetland pony is a breed of pony originating in the Shetland Isles. Shetlands range in size from a minimum height of approximately 28 inches to an official maximum height of 42 inches at the withers. Shetland ponies have heavy coats, short legs and are considered quite intelligent...
- Skogsruss, see Gotland PonyGotland Pony-External links:**...
- Skyros PonySkyros PonyThe Skyros Pony is a breed of pony found on the Greek isle of Skyros.-Breed Characteristics:The Skyros breed generally stands between 9.1 and 11 hands high, and may be gray, bay, or palomino. They tend to be fairly unattractive horses, with poor conformation, although this may be a product of...
- Spiti Pony, see Indian Country Bred
- Sumba and Sumbawa PonySumba and Sumbawa PonyThe Sumba Pony and Sumbawa Pony are named after the islands on which they are bred -- Sumba and Sumbawa Island respectively. However, the two breeds are very similar. The ponies descended from Mongolian Horses and ancient Chinese stock...
- Tibetan PonyTibetan PonyThe Tibetan pony is today found in Tibet. Once thought to be simple hardy mountain ponies developed from Mongolian stock, recent research indicates that there may be up to six separate horse breeds native to Tibet.-History:...
- Timor PonyTimor PonyThe Timor Pony was developed on Timor Island, likely from Indian breeds of horses and ponies that were imported to the island. The Timor Pony is thought to be closely related to the Flores Pony, which was developed on nearby Flores Island. Both breeds are used by the local people for cattle work, ...
- Tokara PonyTokara PonyThe is a Japanese pony native to the Tokara Islands, a group of islands in Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu. Its height is about , or larger than a Shetland pony. Its coat color is predominantly seal brown...
- Virginia highlander, see horse section
- Vyatka horse
- WelaraWelaraWelara ponies are a breed of pony bred from the Arabian horse and the Welsh pony. They are used as mounts for children and small adults, and are known for their good movement and gentle temperament.-Breed Characteristics:...
- Welsh ponyWelsh PonyThe Welsh Pony and Cob are closely related horse breeds including both pony and cob types, which originated in Wales in the United Kingdom...
- Welsh mountain pony (Section A), see
Welsh Pony - Welsh pony (Section B), see Welsh Pony
- Welsh pony of cob type (Section C),
see Welsh Pony - Western Sudan ponyWestern Sudan ponyThe Western Sudan pony is a breed of pony that is found in southern Darfur and southwestern Kordofan in Sudan.It is usually light bay, chestnut or grey with white markings....
- Yakut Pony, see Yakutian horse
- Yonaguni, see horse section
- Zaniskari ponyZaniskari ponyThe Zaniskari pony is a breed found around Leh and Laddakh in the area of Jammu and Kashmir . This breed is endangered by interbreeding with nondescript ponies, though the Animal Husbandry Department of Jammu and Kashmir has started a program for conservation at a farm in Leh.-Physical...
- Žemaitukas, also known as Zemaituka,
Zhumd, Zhemaichu, or Zhmudka
Color "breeds"
There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called "color breedColor breed
A color breed is a term that refers to horses that are registered based primarily on their coat color, regardless of the horse's actual breed or breed type....
s," because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. The best-known color breed registries are for the following colors:
- Buckskin (horse)
- PalominoPalominoPalomino is a coat color in horses, consisting of a gold coat and white mane and tail. Genetically, the palomino color is created by a single allele of a dilution gene called the cream gene working on a "red" base coat...
- Pinto horsePinto horseA pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. The distinction between "pinto" and "solid" can be tenuous, as so-called "solid" horses frequently have areas of white hair. Various cultures throughout history appear to have selectively bred for pinto...
- White (horse)White (horse)White horses are born white and stay white throughout their life. White horses may have brown, blue, or hazel eyes. "True white" horses, especially those that carry one of the dominant white genes, are rare...
. Some of these animals are registered in the United States with the American creme and white horse registryAmerican creme and white horse registryThe American White & American Creme Horse Registry was originally named the American Albino Horse Club and first established by Caleb Thompson and his wife, Ruth....
, which was once called an "Albino" registry until it was understood that true albino does not exist in horses. (see White (horse)White (horse)White horses are born white and stay white throughout their life. White horses may have brown, blue, or hazel eyes. "True white" horses, especially those that carry one of the dominant white genes, are rare...
and Dominant whiteDominant whiteDominant white is a group of genetically related coat color conditions in the horse, best known for producing an all-white coat, but also for producing some forms of white spotting and white markings. Dominant white horses are born with unpigmented pink skin and white hair with dark eyes, although...
for details)
There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have a preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse
Friesian horse
The Friesian is a horse breed originating in Friesland, Netherlands. Although the breed's conformation resembles that of a light draft horse, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size. During the Middle Ages, it is believed that the ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war...
, the Cleveland Bay
Cleveland Bay
The Cleveland Bay is a breed of horse that originated in England during the 17th century, named after its colouring and the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. It is a well-muscled horse, with legs that are strong but short in relation to the body. The horses are always bay in colour, although a...
, the Appaloosa
Appaloosa
The Appaloosa is a horse breed best known for its colorful leopard-spotted coat pattern. There is a wide range of body types within the breed, stemming from the influence of multiple breeds of horses throughout its history. Each horse's color pattern is genetically the result of various spotting...
, and the American Paint Horse
American Paint Horse
The American Paint Horse is a breed of horse that combines both the conformational characteristics of a western stock horse with a pinto spotting pattern of white and dark coat colors. Developed from a base of spotted horses with Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred bloodlines, the American Paint Horse...
.
Types of horse
See also :Category:Types of horseA "type" of horse is not a breed but is simply a term used to describe a group of breeds that are similar in appearance (phenotype
Phenotype
A phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics or traits: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior...
) or use. A type usually has no breed registry, and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of studbook selection
Studbook selection
Studbook selection is a process used in certain breeds of horses to select breeding stock. It allows a breed registry to direct the evolution of the breed towards the ideal by eliminating unhealthy or undesirable animals from the population. The removal of individuals from a population is called...
for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or a term may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use.
Modern types
- AQPSAQPSAQPS , translated as "Other than thoroughbred", is a general term used in France to refer to horses not listed as Thoroughbreds. Anglo-Arabians, Selle Français , and French Trotters plus all other crossbreds can be qualified as AQPS. For racing purposes, each breed has its own studbook...
("Autre Que Pur-Sang"), French designation for riding horses "other than Thoroughbred," usually referring to the Anglo-ArabianAnglo-ArabianThe Anglo-Arabian or Anglo-Arab is a crossbred horse that now also has its own status as a horse breed. It is a Thoroughbred crossed with an Arabian. The cross can be made between a Thoroughbred stallion and an Arabian mare, or vice-versa...
, Selle Francais and other Thoroughbred crosses. There is a registry for AQPS horses in France. - Baroque horseBaroque horseThe Baroque horse is a term used to generally describe the type of agile but strong-bodied descendants of horses in the Middle Ages such as the destrier. Specific ancestors of this type include the Neapolitan horse, and the Iberian horse of Barb ancestry known in the Middle Ages as the Spanish...
, includes heavily muscled, powerful, yet agile Classical dressageClassical dressageClassical dressage evolved from cavalry movements and training for the battlefield, and has since developed into the competitive dressage seen today...
breeds such as the Lipizzaner, FriesianFriesian horseThe Friesian is a horse breed originating in Friesland, Netherlands. Although the breed's conformation resembles that of a light draft horse, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size. During the Middle Ages, it is believed that the ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war...
, AndalusianAndalusian horseThe Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE , is a horse breed developed in the Iberian Peninsula. Its ancestors have been present on the Iberian Peninsula for thousands of years. The Andalusian has been recognized as an individual breed since the 15th century, and its conformation...
, and LusitanoLusitanoThe Lusitano is a Portuguese horse breed, closely related to the Spanish Andalusian horse. Both are sometimes called Iberian horses, as the breeds both developed on the Iberian peninsula, and until the 1960s they were considered one breed, under the Andalusian name...
. - Canadian Cutting HorseCanadian cutting horseThe Canadian Cutting Horse Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the equestrian sport of cutting in Canada. Founded in 1954, it regulates a sport that began in the mid-1880s and became popular in Canada in the 1940s and 50s. The CCHA maintains a Hall of Fame to honor...
- any cutting horse in Canada, most of American Quarter HorseAmerican Quarter HorseThe American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other breeds of horses in races of a quarter mile or less; some individuals have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph...
bloodlines - Cob (horse)Cob (horse)A cob is a small horse, usually of a stout build, with strong bones, large joints, and steady disposition; it is a body type of horse rather than a specific breed...
- Colonial Spanish Horse, the original JennetJennetA Jennet or Spanish Jennet was a small Spanish horse. It was noted for a smooth naturally ambling gait, compact and well-muscled build, and a good disposition...
-type horse brought to North America, now with a number of modern descendants with various breed names. - Draft horseDraft horseA draft horse , draught horse or dray horse , less often called a work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred for hard, heavy tasks such as ploughing and farm labour...
or Draught horse - Feral horseFeral horseA feral horse is a free-roaming horse of domesticated ancestry. As such, a feral horse is not a wild animal in the sense of an animal without domesticated ancestors. However, some populations of feral horses are managed as wildlife, and these horses often are popularly called "wild" horses...
, a horse living in the wild, but descended from once-domesticated ancestors. Most "wild" horses today are actually feral. The only true wild (never domesticated) horse in the world today is the Przewalski's horsePrzewalski's HorsePrzewalski's Horse or Dzungarian Horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia.At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu...
. - Gaited horseGaited horseGaited horses are horse breeds that have natural gaited tendencies, that is, the ability to perform one of the smooth to ride, intermediate speed four-beat horse gaits, collectively referred to as ambling gaits....
, term used to describe any of a number of breeds with an intermediate speed four-beat amblingAmblingThe term amble or ambling is used to describe a number of four-beat intermediate gaits of horses. All are faster than a walk but usually slower than a canter or gallop...
gait, including the Tennessee WalkerTennessee WalkerThe Tennessee Walker or Tennessee Walking Horse is a breed of riding horse. The breed was originally bred in the Southern United States to carry the owners of plantations around their lands...
, Paso FinoPaso FinoThe Paso Fino is a naturally gaited light horse breed dating back to horses imported to the Caribbean from Spain. Pasos are prized for their smooth, natural, four beat, lateral ambling gait and are used in many disciplines, but are especially popular for trail riding...
, and many others. - Galloway, a term used in Australia to collectively refer to show horses over 14 hands but under 15 hands.
- German WarmbloodGerman WarmbloodGerman Warmblood may refer generally to any of the various warmblood horses of Germany, or more specifically to a warmblood registered with the nation-wide German Horse Breeding Society...
or ZfDP, collective term for any of the various warmblood horses of Germany, of which some may be registered with the nation-wide German Horse Breeding Society (ZfDP). - Grade horseGrade horseA Grade horse is a horse whose parentage is unknown, unidentifiable, or of significantly mixed breeding. This differs from purebred animals of known bloodlines and also differs from deliberately crossbred animals that are produced with an intent of either creating a new breed of horse or an animal...
, a term used to describe a horse of unknown or mixed breed parentage. - HackHack (horse)Hack within the activity of equestrianism commonly refers to one of two things: as a verb, it describes the act of riding a horse for light exercise, and as a noun, it is a type of horse used for riding out at ordinary speeds over roads and trails...
, a basic riding horse, particularly in the UK, also includes Show hackShow hackThe show hack is a type of ridden show horse, exhibited to a standard first established in England.Affiliated showing and breeding of the show hacks in the United Kingdom is overseen by the British Show Horse Association....
horses used in competition. - Heavy warmbloodHeavy warmbloodThe Heavy Warmbloods are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe. The title includes the Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger , Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria...
, heavy carriage and riding horses, predecessors to the modern warmbloodWarmbloodWarmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds, primarily originating in Europe, registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport...
s, several old-style breeds still in existence today. - Hunter, a type of jumping horse, either a show hunterShow hunterThe show hunter is a type of show horse that is judged on its movement, manners, and way of going, particularly while jumping fences. The horses are shown in hunt seat style tack, and are often of Warmblood or Thoroughbred type, though a hunter-style pony is also seen in youth classes...
or a field hunterField hunterA field hunter, or a fox hunter, is a type of horse used in the hunt field for fox hunting. It may be of any breed, but should possess stamina, a level head, and bravery. The horse should have a safe jump, so as not to get caught on any of the solid obstacles found in the hunt field... - Hunter pony, a show hunter or show jumpingShow jumpingShow jumping, also known as "stadium jumping," "open jumping," or "jumpers," is a member of a family of English riding equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes commonly are seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics...
animal under 14.2 hands, may be actually of a horse or pony breed, height determines category of competition. - Iberian horseIberian horseThe Iberian horse is a title given to a number of horse breeds native to the Iberian peninsula. At present, 17 horse breeds are recognized by FAO as characteristic of the Iberian Peninsula....
, encompassing horse and pony breeds developed in the Iberian peninsulaIberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
, including the AndalusianAndalusian horseThe Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE , is a horse breed developed in the Iberian Peninsula. Its ancestors have been present on the Iberian Peninsula for thousands of years. The Andalusian has been recognized as an individual breed since the 15th century, and its conformation...
, LusitanoLusitanoThe Lusitano is a Portuguese horse breed, closely related to the Spanish Andalusian horse. Both are sometimes called Iberian horses, as the breeds both developed on the Iberian peninsula, and until the 1960s they were considered one breed, under the Andalusian name...
and others. - Mountain and moorland or "M&M" is a general term which covers several breeds of pony native to the British Isles.
- New Zealand WarmbloodNew Zealand Warmblood Horse AssociationThe New Zealand Warmblood Horse Association has the objective is to produce a warmblood horse that is noble, correctly built, with good rideability and superior performance....
, a developing warmblood type based on Hanoverian and KWPF breeding. - Oriental horseOriental horseThe term oriental horse refers to the ancient breeds of horses developed in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and the now-extinct Turkoman horse. They tend to be thin-skinned, long-legged, slim in build and more physically refined than other types, but with great endurance...
, referring to the "hot-blooded" breeds originating in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and Turkoman horse - Polo ponyPolo ponyA polo pony is the term used for a horse used in the game of polo. They may be of any breed or combination of breeds, though many have a significant amount of Thoroughbred breeding. They are called "ponies", but that is in reference to their agile type rather than their size...
, a horse used in the sport of poloPoloPolo is a team sport played on horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team. Sometimes called, "The Sport of Kings", it was highly popularized by the British. Players score by driving a small white plastic or wooden ball into the opposing team's goal using a...
, not actually a pony, usually a full-sized horse, often a ThoroughbredThoroughbredThe Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word thoroughbred is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed...
. - Riding PonyRiding PonyThe Riding Pony was developed in the United Kingdom, and are now bred all over the world. The term is used to refer to as show ponies, divided into classes based on height and type, hunter classes, side-saddle and in hand classes...
, a term used in the United Kingdom to describe certain types of show ponies. - Sport horseSport horseSport horse, or Sporthorse, is a term used to describe a type of horse, rather than any particular breed. The term generally refers to horses bred for the traditional Olympic equestrian sporting events of dressage, eventing, show jumping, and combined driving. The precise definition varies...
or Sporthorse, includes any breeds suitable for use in assorted international competitive disciplines governed by the FEIFEIFEI may refer to:* Financial Executives International , an American organization for senior-level financial executives* FEI Company, a supplier of electron microscopy tools...
. - Stock horseStock horseA Stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock, particularly cattle. Such horses are riding horsescharacterized by agility, quickness, and powerful hindquarters...
, heavily-muscled riding horses of several different breeds, suitable for working cattleCattleCattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
. Not to be confused with the breed Australian Stock HorseAustralian Stock HorseThe Australian Stock Horse , has been especially bred for Australian conditions. It is a hardy breed of horse noted for endurance, agility and a good temperament. Its ancestry dates to the arrival of the first horses in Australia, brought from Europe, Africa and Asia... - WarmbloodWarmbloodWarmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds, primarily originating in Europe, registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport...
, a group of Sport horseSport horseSport horse, or Sporthorse, is a term used to describe a type of horse, rather than any particular breed. The term generally refers to horses bred for the traditional Olympic equestrian sporting events of dressage, eventing, show jumping, and combined driving. The precise definition varies...
breeds developed for modern DressageDressageDressage is a competitive equestrian sport, defined by the International Equestrian Federation as "the highest expression of horse training." Competitions are held at all levels from amateur to the World Equestrian Games...
and other OlympicEquestrian at the Summer OlympicsEquestrianism made its Summer Olympics debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. It disappeared until 1912, but has appeared at every Summer Olympic Games since. The current Olympic equestrian disciplines are Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping...
disciplines, including the Dutch WarmbloodDutch WarmbloodA Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland A Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland A Dutch Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the...
, Hanoverian horse, Swedish WarmbloodSwedish WarmbloodThe Swedish Warmblood is a horse that was developed at Strömsholm and Flyinge. It descends from imported stock in the 17th century. The horses imported to Sweden were from Denmark, Germany, England, Hungary, France, Russia, Spain, and Turkey...
, Westphalian horse, etc. - Windsor GreyWindsor GreyThe term Windsor Grey is given to grey horses used by the Royalty of the United Kingdom to draw carriages and coaches in various ceremonial processions and, since 1986, when The Queen is Trooping the Colour. They are stabled in the Royal Mews...
, the grayGray (horse)Gray or grey is a coat color of horses characterized by progressive silvering of the colored hairs of the coat. Most gray horses have black skin and dark eyes; unlike many depigmentation genes, gray does not affect skin or eye color Their adult hair coat is white, dappled, or white intermingled...
carriage horses of British Royalty. - ZfDP, see German Warmblood, above.
Archaic types
Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for Horses in the Middle AgesHorses in the Middle Ages
Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller. They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport....
did not describe breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included:
- Charger, see Courser (horse)Courser (horse)A courser is a swift and strong horse, frequently used during the Middle Ages as a warhorse. It was ridden by knights and men-at-arms.Coursers are commonly believed to be named for their running gait,...
- Courser (horse)Courser (horse)A courser is a swift and strong horse, frequently used during the Middle Ages as a warhorse. It was ridden by knights and men-at-arms.Coursers are commonly believed to be named for their running gait,...
- DestrierDestrierThe destrier is the best-known war horse of the medieval era. It carried knights in battles, tournaments, and jousts. It was described by contemporary sources as the Great Horse, due to its size and reputation....
or "Great Horse" - Hobby, see Irish HobbyIrish HobbyThe Irish Hobby is an extinct breed of horse native to the British Isles that developed prior to the 13th Century. The breed provided foundation bloodlines for several modern horse breeds, including breeds as diverse as the Connemara pony and the Irish Draught....
- JennetJennetA Jennet or Spanish Jennet was a small Spanish horse. It was noted for a smooth naturally ambling gait, compact and well-muscled build, and a good disposition...
, sometimes called Spanish Jennet - PalfreyPalfreyA palfrey is a type of horse highly valued as a riding horse in the Middle Ages. It is not a breed.The word "palfrey" is cognate with the German word for horse , "Pferd". Both descend from Latin "paraveredus", meaning a post horse or courier horse...
- RounceyRounceyThe term rouncey was used during the Middle Ages to refer to an ordinary, all-purpose horse. They were used for riding, but could also be trained for war...
- Steppe horseSteppe horseSteppe horse refers to various domesticated horse and wild horse species, particularly those from Siberia and other parts of western AsiaA species of horse that inhabited the North American steppes in the Pleistocene. It was one the last of North America's equids before becoming extinct at the end...
, refers to various domesticated horse and wild horseWild HorseThe wild horse is a species of the genus Equus, which includes as subspecies the domesticated horse as well as the undomesticated Tarpan and Przewalski's Horse. The Tarpan became extinct in the 19th century, and Przewalski's Horse was saved from the brink of extinction and reintroduced...
species, particularly those from SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and other parts of western Asia
Extinct subspecies and breeds
These members of equus ferus either were a recognized, distinct breed of horse that no longer exists as such, or subspecies that have become extinctExtinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point...
at some point since domestication of the horse
Domestication of the horse
There are a number of hypotheses on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse. Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were truly wild horses and were probably hunted for meat. How and when horses became domesticated is disputed...
. This section does not include any species within evolution of the horse
Evolution of the horse
The evolution of the horse pertains to the phylogenetic ancestry of the modern horse from the small dog-sized, forest-dwelling Hyracotherium over geologic time scales...
prior to modern Equus ferus caballus.
Early prototypes
Before the availability of DNA techniques to resolve the questions related to the domestication of the horse, various hypothesis were proposed. One classification was based on body types and conformation, suggesting the presence of four basic prototypes, labeled the "TarpanTarpan
Tarpan is an extinct subspecies of wild horse. The last individual of this subspecies died in captivity in Russia in 1909....
", "Forest horse
Forest Horse
Forest horse may refer to:* The Black Forest horse, or Schwarzwälder Kaltblut* New Forest Pony* The "Forest Horse", a hypothetical ancestral horse prototype proposed in the 20th century; see History of horse domestication theories...
", Draft
Draft horse
A draft horse , draught horse or dray horse , less often called a work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred for hard, heavy tasks such as ploughing and farm labour...
and "Oriental"
Oriental horse
The term oriental horse refers to the ancient breeds of horses developed in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and the now-extinct Turkoman horse. They tend to be thin-skinned, long-legged, slim in build and more physically refined than other types, but with great endurance...
, each of which was hypothesized to have adapted to their environment prior to domestication. However, more recent studies suggest that all domesticated horses originated from a single wild species and that the different body types of horses were entirely a result of selective breeding
Selective breeding
Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is sometimes done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties,...
after domestication, or possibly landrace
Landrace
A landrace is a local variety of a domesticated animal or plant species which has developed largely by natural processes, by adaptation to the natural and cultural environment in which it lives. It differs from a formal breed which has been bred deliberately to conform to a particular standard...
adaptation.
Extinct breeds
These were human-developed breeds which no longer exist- Anglo-Norman horseAnglo-Norman horseThe Anglo-Norman horse was a warmblood horse breed from the old province of Normandy in northern France. From early in the 19th century, local Norman mares were crossed with imported English thoroughbreds, Norfolk Roadsters and half-breds, which themselves had Norfolk Roadster and Mecklenburg blood...
- Chapman horse, see Cleveland BayCleveland BayThe Cleveland Bay is a breed of horse that originated in England during the 17th century, named after its colouring and the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. It is a well-muscled horse, with legs that are strong but short in relation to the body. The horses are always bay in colour, although a...
, into which it developed - Charolais horseCharolais horseThe Charolais or Charollais is an extinct breed of warmblood horse from the Charolais country lying around the town of Charolles, now in the Saône-et-Loire département of Burgundy, in eastern central France...
- Ferghana horseFerghana horseFerghana horses were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang Dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ."-Ancient history:Dayuan, north of Bactria, was...
- Galloway ponyGalloway ponyThe Galloway pony is an extinct horse breed, once native to Scotland and northern England. It was said to have "good looks, a wide, deep chest and a tendency to pace rather than trot."...
- Karacabey horse
- Irish HobbyIrish HobbyThe Irish Hobby is an extinct breed of horse native to the British Isles that developed prior to the 13th Century. The breed provided foundation bloodlines for several modern horse breeds, including breeds as diverse as the Connemara pony and the Irish Draught....
- JennetJennetA Jennet or Spanish Jennet was a small Spanish horse. It was noted for a smooth naturally ambling gait, compact and well-muscled build, and a good disposition...
, or Spanish Jennet - Mazury horse
- Narragansett PacerNarragansett PacerThe Narragansett Pacer was the first horse breed developed in the United States, but is now extinct. It was developed in the United States during the 18th century and associated closely with the state of Rhode Island, and it had become extinct by the late 19th century...
- Navarrin horseNavarrin horseThe Cheval Navarrin, also called Navarin, Navarrois, Tarbais, Tarbésan or Bigourdin, is an extinct breed of light saddle-horse from south-western France. It was bred principally in the plains of the Pyrenees around Tarbes, and in Bigorre, now in the Hautes-Pyrénées. It stood about 148–151...
- Neapolitan horseNeapolitan horseThe Neapolitan Horse, , Neapolitano or Napolitano, is a horse breed that originated in the plains between Naples and Caserta, in the Campania region of Italy, but which may have been bred throughout the Kingdom of Naples. The Neapolitan horse was frequently mentioned in literature from the 16th to...
- Nisean horseNisean horseThe Nisean horse, or Nisaean Horse is an extinct horse breed, once native to the town of Nisaia. Located in the Nisaean Plains at the foot of the southern region of the Zagros Mountains, Iran. They were highly sought after in the ancient world...
- Norfolk TrotterNorfolk TrotterThe Norfolk Trotter is an extinct horse breed once native to East Anglia and Norfolk, England. It was said to be "a large-sized trotting harness horse originating in and around Norfolk"....
, also called the Norfolk Roadster, Yorkshire Trotter or Yorkshire Roadster - Öland horse
- Old English BlackOld English BlackOld English Black is an extinct horse breed.During the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, the conquerors took some of the Great Horses from Europe across the English Channel and crossed them on native mares. Eventually, a distinct type evolved that was known as the Old English Black...
horse
- Pozan
- Tundra Horse, the probable ancestor of the Yakutian horseYakutian horseThe Yakutian horse , sometimes called the Yakut horse, Yakut pony or simply the Yakut, is a rare native horse breed from the Siberian Sakha Republic region. It is large compared to the otherwise similar Mongolian horse and Przewalski's horse breeds...
. - Turkoman HorseTurkoman HorseThe Turkoman horse, or Turkmene, was an Oriental horse breed from the steppes of Central Asia, now extinct. Modern descendants include the Akhal-Teke and the Yamud horse breeds. Horses bred in Turkmenistan are still referred to as Turkoman, and have similar characteristics...
also known as Turkemene. The Akhal-TekeAkhal-TekeThe Akhal-Teke is a horse breed from Turkmenistan, where they are a national emblem. They are noted for their speed and for endurance on long marches. These "golden-horses" are adapted to severe climatic conditions and are thought to be one of the oldest surviving horse breeds...
may be a direct descendant. - Yorkshire Coach HorseYorkshire Coach HorseThe Yorkshire Coach Horse is an extinct horse breed once native to England. It was a large, strong, bay or brown horse with dark legs, mane and tail...
External links
- Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the FAOFãoFão is a town in Esposende Municipality in Portugal....
- "Breeds of Livestock: Horse Breeds" Alphabetized list of horse breed articles maintained by the Department of Animal Science at Oklahoma State University. Accessed at: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/
- "Horse Breeds of the World," web site maintained by the International Museum of the Horse at the Kentucky Horse Park, accessed at: http://www.imh.org/museum/breeds.php?pageid=8
- Pferderassen - Infoportal (ger.)