List of names for the Biblical nameless
Encyclopedia
This list provides names given in Jewish
, Islamic
or Christian tradition
for characters who are unnamed in the Bible.
The book of Jubilees
provides names for a host of unnamed biblical characters, including wives for most of the antediluvian
patriarch
s. The last of these is Noah
's wife, to whom it gives the name of Emzara. Other Jewish traditional sources contain many different names for Noah's wife.
The book of Jubilees says that Awan was Adam and Eve
's first daughter. Their second daughter Azura married Seth
.
For many of the early wives in the series, Jubilees notes that the patriarchs married their sisters.
The Cave of Treasures
and the earlier Kitab al-Magall (part of Clementine literature
) name entirely different women as the wives of the patriarchs, with considerable variations among the extant copies.
The Muslim historian Ibn Ishaq
(c. 750), as cited in al-Tabari (c. 915), provides names for these wives that are generally similar to those in Jubilees; however he makes them Cainites rather than Sethites, despite clearly stating elsewhere that none of Noah's ancestors were descended from Cain.
See also: Balbira & Kalmana
for alternate traditions of names.
Daughter of Lamech
and Zillah and sister of Tubal-cain
(Gen. iv. 22). According to Abba ben Kahana, Naamah was Noah's wife and was called "Naamah" (pleasant) because her conduct was pleasing to God. But the majority of the rabbis reject this statement, declaring that Naamah was an idolatrous woman who sang "pleasant" songs to idols.
See also Wives aboard the Ark
for a list of traditional names given to the wives of Noah and his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
The Mormon Book of Abraham, first published in 1842, mentions the name of Egyptus (Abraham 1:23) as being Ham's wife; his daughter apparently has the same name (v. 25).
A large body of legend has attached itself to Nimrod, whose brief mention in Genesis merely makes him "a mighty hunter before the Lord
". These legends usually make Nimrod to be a sinister figure, and they reach their peak in Hislop's The Two Babylons, which make Nimrod and Semiramis to be the original authors of every false and pagan
religion.
Potiphar's wife attempted to seduce Joseph
in Egypt.
Pharaoh's daughter, who drew Moses
out of the water, is known as Bithiah
in Jewish tradition (identifying her with the "Pharaoh's daughter Bithiah" in 1 Chronicles
4:18).
The names of Jannes and Jambres, or Jannes and Mambres, were well known through the ancient world as magicians. In this instance, nameless characters from the Hebrew Bible
are given names in the New Testament
. Their names also appear in numerous Jewish texts.
Apocryphal Jewish folklore says that Sitis, or Sitidos, was Job's first wife, who died during his trials. After his temptation was over, the same sources say that Job
remarried Dinah
, Jacob
's daughter who appears in Genesis.
The source does not tell which wife of Job has this name.
The Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
falsely ascribes itself to the Jewish author Philo
. It in fact did not surface until the sixteenth century; see Works of Philo.
According to a midrash on 1 Samuel 28, Zephaniah was the mother of Abner
, Saul's cousin, and a military commander in Saul's army. (See 1 Samuel 14)
According to Ethiopian traditions, the Queen of Sheba returned to Ethiopia pregnant with King Solomon
's child. She bore Solomon a son that went on to found a dynasty
that ruled Ethiopia until the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974.
, sometimes called the "Apocrypha
", are considered canonical by Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox (though with slightly different lists of books), but are considered non-canonical by Protestants.
is a Jewish martyr
who is unnamed in 2 Maccabees
7, but is named Hannah, Miriam, Shamuna and Solomonia in other sources. According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, her sons, the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs" (not to be confused with the martyrs in the Ethiopian book of Meqabyan
), are named Abim, Antonius, Gurias, Eleazar, Eusebonus, Alimus and Marcellus.
12:15 reads "I am Raphael, one of the seven holy angels
, which present the prayers of the saints, and which go in and out before the glory of the Holy One." Of the six unnamed archangels
, Michael
is named in the Book of Daniel
, and Gabriel
is named in the Gospel of Luke
.
The Book of Enoch
, deuterocanonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, names the remaining four archangels Uriel
, Raguel
, Zerachiel
, and Ramiel
. Other sources name them Uriel, Izidkiel, Haniel
, and Kepharel. In the Coptic Orthodox Church the names of these four archangels are given as Suriel, Sedakiel, Sarathiel and Ananiel. Several other sets of names have also been given.
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The Gospel does not state that there were, in fact, three magi or when exactly they visited Jesus, only that multiple magi brought three gifts: gold
, frankincense
, and myrrh
. Nevertheless, the number of magi is usually extrapolated from the number of gifts, and the three wise men are a staple of Christian nativity scene
s. While the European names have enjoyed the most publicity, other faith traditions have different versions. According to the Armenisches Kindheitsevangelium, the three magi were brothers and kings, namely Balthasar, king of India; Melqon, king of Persia; and Gaspar, king of Arabia. The Chinese Christian Church believes that the astronomer
Liu Shang was one of the wise men.
The Book of the Bee was written by Bishop
Shelemon in the Aramaic language
in the thirteenth century.
The fact that Jesus had at least two sisters/stepsisters/female cousins is mentioned in Mark
3, 32–34 and Matthew
12, 50, though their exact number is not specified in either gospel. In addition, the various versions of Epiphanus differ on whether one of the sisters was named Maria or Anna.
According to the same source, her daughter was Berenice.
Veronica is a Latin variant of Berenice . According to the Acts of the Apostles, Veronica or Berenice obtained some of Jesus' blood on a cloth at the Crucifixion
. Tradition identifies her with the woman who was healed of a bleeding discharge in the Gospel (see also: Veil of Veronica
).
In the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the woman at the well became a follower of Christ, was baptized, proclaimed the Gospel over a wide area, and was later martyred. She is recognized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Dives is simply Latin
for "rich", and as such may not count as a proper name. The story of the blessed Lazarus
and the damned rich man is widely recognised under the title of Dives and Lazarus, which may have resulted in this word being taken for a proper name.
A long standing Western Christian tradition first attested by Pope Gregory I
identifies the woman taken in adultery
with Mary Magdalene, and also with Mary of Bethany. Jesus had exorcised
seven demons out of Mary Magdalene (Mark
), and Mary Magdalene appears prominently in the several accounts of Jesus' entombment and resurrection, but there is no indication in the Bible that clearly states that Mary Magdalene was the same person as the adulteress forgiven by Jesus. Roman Catholics also have identified Mary Magdalene as the weeping woman who was a sinner, and who anoints Jesus' feet in , and while the Church has dropped this interpretation to a degree, this remains one of her more famous portrayals.
The Eastern Orthodox Church
has never identified Mary Magdalene as either the woman taken in adultery, or the sinful woman who anointed Jesus' feet.
During the trial of Jesus the wife of Pontius Pilate
sent a message to him saying, "Have nothing to do with that just man; for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him."
The proposed names of Procla and Procula may not be names at all, but simply a form of Pilate's official title of Procurator
, indicating that she was the Procurator's wife.
Dismas is revered as a saint under that name by Roman Catholics.
In tradition he is called Cassius before his conversion to Christianity. The Lance of Longinus
, also known as the Spear of Destiny, is supposedly preserved as a relic
, and various miracles are said to be worked through it.
Jewish mythology
Jewish mythology is generally the sacred and traditional narratives that help explain and symbolize the Jewish religion, whereas Jewish folklore consists of the folk tales and legends that existed in the general Jewish culture. There is very little early folklore distinct from the aggadah literature...
, Islamic
Islamic mythology
Islamic mythology is the body of traditional narratives associated with Islam from a mythographical perspective. Many Muslims believe that these narratives are historical and sacred and contain profound truths...
or Christian tradition
Christian mythology
Christian mythology is the body of myths associated with Christianity. In the study of mythology, the term "myth" refers to a traditional story, often one which is regarded as sacred and which explains how the world and its inhabitants came to have their present form.Classicist G.S. Kirk defines a...
for characters who are unnamed in the Bible.
Wives of the antediluvian patriarchs
| Patriarch | Wife |
|---|---|
| Cain | Âwân Nod |
| Seth Seth Seth , in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, is the third listed son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, who are the only other of their children mentioned by name... |
Azûrâ |
| Enos Enos (biblical figure) Enos or Enosh , in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible, is the first son of Seth who figures in the Generations of Adam, and consequently referred to within the genealogies of Chronicles, and of Genealogy of Jesus according to .-In the Hebrew Bible:According to Genesis, Seth was 105 years old... |
Nôâm |
| Kenan Kenan Kenan , , or Cainan, was a Biblical patriarch first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible Book of Genesis as living before the Great Flood.- Family :... |
Mûalêlêth |
| Mahalalel Mahalalel Mahalalel, Mahalaleel, or Mihlaiel Hebrew מהללאל was a patriarch named in the Hebrew Bible.- Family :Mahalalel was a son of Kenan, son of Enos, son of Seth, son of Adam in the Old Testament of the Bible... |
Dinah |
| Jared Jared Jared is a proper name of Biblical derivation that is a common first name, mostly in North American English-speaking countries.In the Bible, Jared was the sixth link in the ten pre-flood generations between Adam and Noah; he was the son of Mahalaleel and the father of Enoch, and lived 962 years... |
Baraka |
| Enoch Enoch (ancestor of Noah) Enoch is a figure in the Generations of Adam. Enoch is described as Adam's greatx4 grandson , the son of Jared, the father of Methuselah, and the great-grandfather of Noah... |
Edna |
| Methuselah Methuselah Methuselah is the oldest person whose age is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Extra-biblical tradition maintains that he died on the 11th of Cheshvan of the year 1656 , at the age of 969, seven days before the beginning of the Great Flood... |
Edna |
| Lamech Lamech (father of Noah) Lamech is a character in the genealogies of Adam in the Book of Genesis.- Family :Lamech is the eighth generation descendant of Seth , the son of Methuselah and the father of Noah , in the genealogy of Seth in Genesis 5. In Genesis 5:12-25, Lamech was a son of Methuselah who was a grandson of... (Seth's line) |
Betenos |
| Noah Noah Noah was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs. The biblical story of Noah is contained in chapters 6–9 of the book of Genesis, where he saves his family and representatives of all animals from the flood by constructing an ark... |
Emzârâ Naamah |
- Source: the book of JubileesJubileesThe Book of Jubilees , sometimes called Lesser Genesis , is an ancient Jewish religious work, considered one of the pseudepigrapha by Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox Churches...
(part of the Oriental Orthodox deuterocanon) - Appears in the Bible at: Genesis 4-5
The book of Jubilees
Jubilees
The Book of Jubilees , sometimes called Lesser Genesis , is an ancient Jewish religious work, considered one of the pseudepigrapha by Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox Churches...
provides names for a host of unnamed biblical characters, including wives for most of the antediluvian
Antediluvian
The antediluvian period meaning "before the deluge" is the period referred to in the Bible between the Creation of the Earth and the Deluge . The narrative takes up chapters 1-6 of Genesis...
patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
s. The last of these is Noah
Noah
Noah was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs. The biblical story of Noah is contained in chapters 6–9 of the book of Genesis, where he saves his family and representatives of all animals from the flood by constructing an ark...
's wife, to whom it gives the name of Emzara. Other Jewish traditional sources contain many different names for Noah's wife.
The book of Jubilees says that Awan was Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve were, according to the Genesis creation narratives, the first human couple to inhabit Earth, created by YHWH, the God of the ancient Hebrews...
's first daughter. Their second daughter Azura married Seth
Seth
Seth , in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, is the third listed son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, who are the only other of their children mentioned by name...
.
For many of the early wives in the series, Jubilees notes that the patriarchs married their sisters.
The Cave of Treasures
Cave of Treasures
The Cave of Treasures, sometimes referred to simply as The Treasure, is a book of the New Testament apocrypha.-Origin:This text is attributed to Ephrem Syrus, who was born at Nisibis soon after AD 306 and died in 373, but it is now generally believed that its current form is 6th century or...
and the earlier Kitab al-Magall (part of Clementine literature
Clementine literature
Clementine literature is the name given to the religious romance which purports to contain a record made by one Clement of discourses...
) name entirely different women as the wives of the patriarchs, with considerable variations among the extant copies.
The Muslim historian Ibn Ishaq
Ibn Ishaq
Muḥammad ibn Isḥaq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār was an Arab Muslim historian and hagiographer...
(c. 750), as cited in al-Tabari (c. 915), provides names for these wives that are generally similar to those in Jubilees; however he makes them Cainites rather than Sethites, despite clearly stating elsewhere that none of Noah's ancestors were descended from Cain.
Cain and Abel's sisters
- Name: Calmana
- source: Golden LegendGolden LegendThe Golden Legend is a collection of hagiographies by Jacobus de Voragine that became a late medieval bestseller. More than a thousand manuscripts of the text have survived, compared to twenty or so of its nearest rivals...
which also tells stories about many of the saints - Appears in the Bible at: Genesis 4:17
- Name: Delbora
- source: Golden LegendGolden LegendThe Golden Legend is a collection of hagiographies by Jacobus de Voragine that became a late medieval bestseller. More than a thousand manuscripts of the text have survived, compared to twenty or so of its nearest rivals...
which also tells stories about many of the saints - Appears in the Bible at: Genesis 4
See also: Balbira & Kalmana
Balbira & Kalmana
According to the Seder Hadorot, Balbira and Kalmana were the respective wives and twin sisters of Cain and Abel. In an effort to explain where Cain and Abel acquired wives, some traditional sources write that each child of Adam and Eve was born with a twin who became their mate...
for alternate traditions of names.
Noah's wife
- Name: Naamah
- Source: Middrash Genesis Rabah 23:4
- Appears in the Bible at: Genesis 4:22; Gen. 7:7
Daughter of Lamech
Lamech
Lamech is a character in the genealogies of Adam in the Book of Genesis. He is the sixth generation descendant of Cain ; his father was named Methusael, and he was responsible for the "Song of the Sword." He is also noted as the first polygamist mentioned in the Bible, taking two wives, Ada and...
and Zillah and sister of Tubal-cain
Tubal-cain
Tubal-cain is an individual mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, in . He was a descendant of Cain, the son of Lamech and Zillah, and the brother of Naamah.-Name:...
(Gen. iv. 22). According to Abba ben Kahana, Naamah was Noah's wife and was called "Naamah" (pleasant) because her conduct was pleasing to God. But the majority of the rabbis reject this statement, declaring that Naamah was an idolatrous woman who sang "pleasant" songs to idols.
See also Wives aboard the Ark
Wives aboard the Ark
Although the Book of Genesis in the Bible does not give any further information about the four women it says were aboard Noah's Ark during the Flood, there exist substantial extra-Biblical traditions regarding these women and their names.-Book of Jubilees:...
for a list of traditional names given to the wives of Noah and his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Daughter of Ham
- Name: EgyptusEgyptusIn Latter-day Saint theology , Egyptus is the name of two women in the Book of Abraham in the Pearl of Great Price. One is the wife of Ham, son of Noah, who bears his children. The other is their daughter, who discovers Egypt while "it was under water"...
- Source: Book of AbrahamBook of AbrahamThe Book of Abraham is a 1835 work by Joseph Smith, Jr. that he said was based on Egyptian papyri purchased from a traveling mummy exhibition. According to Smith, the book was "a translation of some ancient records....purporting to be the writings of Abraham, while he was in Egypt, called the Book...
The Mormon Book of Abraham, first published in 1842, mentions the name of Egyptus (Abraham 1:23) as being Ham's wife; his daughter apparently has the same name (v. 25).
Nimrod's wife
- Name: SemiramisSemiramisThe real and historical Shammuramat , was the Assyrian queen of Shamshi-Adad V , King of Assyria and ruler of the Neo Assyrian Empire, and its regent for four years until her son Adad-nirari III came of age....
- Source: The Two BabylonsThe Two BabylonsThe Two Babylons is an anti-Catholic religious pamphlet produced initially by the Scottish theologian and Presbyterian Alexander Hislop in 1853. It was later expanded in 1858 and finally published as a book in 1919...
by Alexander HislopAlexander HislopAlexander Hislop was a Free Church of Scotland minister infamous for his outspoken criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the son of Stephen Hislop , a mason by occupation and an elder of the Relief Church...
A large body of legend has attached itself to Nimrod, whose brief mention in Genesis merely makes him "a mighty hunter before the Lord
Tetragrammaton
The term Tetragrammaton refers to the name of the God of Israel YHWH used in the Hebrew Bible.-Hebrew Bible:...
". These legends usually make Nimrod to be a sinister figure, and they reach their peak in Hislop's The Two Babylons, which make Nimrod and Semiramis to be the original authors of every false and pagan
Paganism
Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions....
religion.
Mother of Abraham
- Name: Amthlai bath (daughter of) Khrubu
- Source: Babylonian Talmud Tractate Baba Bathra Chapter 5
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis
Lot's daughters
- Names: Pheiné and Thamma
- Source:
- Name: Paltith
- Source: Book of Jasher 19:24
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis
Lot's wife
- Name: Ado ( or Edith )
- Source: Book of Jasher 19:52
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis
Laban's wife
- Name: Adinah
- Source: Book of Jasher 28:28
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis
Potiphar's wife
- Name: ZuleikaZuleika (legendary)Zuleika is the name given to the wife of Potiphar in Jewish legend and Muslim scripture.The most famous tale about Zuleika is told in a Jewish legend and in the Muslim Qur'an....
or Zulaikha - Source: The Sefer Hayyashar, a book of Jewish lore published in VeniceVeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
in 1625. http://www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/Shokel/960102_Joseph.html - Appears in the Bible at: Genesis 39:12
Potiphar's wife attempted to seduce Joseph
Joseph (Hebrew Bible)
Joseph is an important character in the Hebrew bible, where he connects the story of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in Canaan to the subsequent story of the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt....
in Egypt.
Pharaoh's daughter
- Name: Merris
- Source: Eusebius of Caesarea (Preparation for the Gospel 9.15)
- Name: Merrhoe
- Source: Eustathius of Antioch (Commentary on Hexameron MPG 18.785)
- Name: ThermutisThermutisThermutis is a genus of fungi within the Lichinaceae family.- External links :* at Index Fungorum...
- Source: Flavius Josephus
- Name: BithiahBithiahAccording to Hebrew beliefs; Bithiah or in Modern Hebrew Bityah was an Egyptian princess, and a daughter of Pharaoh. The name of her father is not in the Bible, but Rabbinic Midrash makes her the daughter of one of the Pharaohs of the Exodus,...
or Bitya - Source: JewishJudaismJudaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
tradition - Appears in the Bible at: Exodus 2
Pharaoh's daughter, who drew Moses
Moses
Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
out of the water, is known as Bithiah
Bithiah
According to Hebrew beliefs; Bithiah or in Modern Hebrew Bityah was an Egyptian princess, and a daughter of Pharaoh. The name of her father is not in the Bible, but Rabbinic Midrash makes her the daughter of one of the Pharaohs of the Exodus,...
in Jewish tradition (identifying her with the "Pharaoh's daughter Bithiah" in 1 Chronicles
Books of Chronicles
The Books of Chronicles are part of the Hebrew Bible. In the Masoretic Text, it appears as the first or last book of the Ketuvim . Chronicles largely parallels the Davidic narratives in the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings...
4:18).
Simeon's wife
- Name: Bunah
- Source: Book of Jasher 34:36 Legends of the Jews Volume 1 Chapter 6
- Appears in the bible at: Genesis
Pharaoh's magicians
- Names: Jannes and JambresIannesJannes and Jambres, or sometimes Johanai and Mamre, or Iannes and Mambres, or Janis and Jamberes, are names traditionally given to the magicians who contended with Moses and Aaron and were discomfited by the Hebrew leaders in the Hebrew Bible Book of Exodus.-Hebrew Bible:According to Exodus 7:10-12...
- Source: 2 Timothy 3:8, Book of Jasher chapter 79 Antiquities of the Jews Book 2 Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ Chapter 109 Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII Easton's Bible Dictionary The Book of the Bee Chapter 30 Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. XIII Legends of the Jews Volume 2 Chapter 4, Chronicles of JerahmeelChronicles of JerahmeelThe Chronicles of Jerahmeel is a voluminous work that draws largely on Pseudo-Philo's earlier history of Biblical events and is of special interest because it includes Hebrew and Aramaic versions of certain deuterocanonical books in the Septuagint....
, Papyrus Chester Beatty XVIChester Beatty PapyriThe Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri or simply the Chester Beatty Papyri are a group of early papyrus manuscripts of biblical texts. The manuscripts are in Greek and are of Christian origin. There are eleven manuscripts in the group, seven consisting of portions of Old Testament books, three...
: The Apocryphon of Jannes and Jambres - Appears in the Bible at: Exodus 7
The names of Jannes and Jambres, or Jannes and Mambres, were well known through the ancient world as magicians. In this instance, nameless characters from the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible is a term used by biblical scholars outside of Judaism to refer to the Tanakh , a canonical collection of Jewish texts, and the common textual antecedent of the several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament...
are given names in the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. Their names also appear in numerous Jewish texts.
The Cushitic wife of Moses
- Name: TharbisTharbisA Cushite princess of Cush, Tharbis married the Hebrew Moses prior to his ascendancy to prophethood and better-known marriage to Zipporah.Tharbis is alleged to have been the daughter of King Merops, or the widow of Kikianus....
- Source: Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Book II, Chapter 10
- Appears in the Bible at: NumbersBook of NumbersThe Book of Numbers is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah/Pentateuch....
12
- Name: Adoniah
- Source: Book of Jasher, 23.5-25.5
- Note: We are expressly told in that Moses was given for his wife, Zipporah, the daughter of Reuel (aka. Jethro) the Midianite, the priest of Midian. We are not expressly told that he married anyone else. It is possible for Zipporah to be of Cushite/Ethiopian ancestry if Reuel's wife was an Ethiopian, or even the mind-staggering possibility that Abraham's 3rd wife Keturah was an Ethiopian. (His 2nd wife Hagar was an Egyptian.)
Job's wife
- Names: Sitis, Dinah
- Source: The apocryphal Testament of JobTestament of JobThe Testament of Job is a book written in the 1st century BC or the 1st century AD...
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of JobBook of JobThe Book of Job , commonly referred to simply as Job, is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible. It relates the story of Job, his trials at the hands of Satan, his discussions with friends on the origins and nature of his suffering, his challenge to God, and finally a response from God. The book is a...
Apocryphal Jewish folklore says that Sitis, or Sitidos, was Job's first wife, who died during his trials. After his temptation was over, the same sources say that Job
Job (Biblical figure)
Job is the central character of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible. Job is listed as a prophet of God in the Qur'an.- Book of Job :The Book of Job begins with an introduction to Job's character — he is described as a blessed man who lives righteously...
remarried Dinah
Dinah
According to the Hebrew Bible, Dinah was the daughter of Jacob, one of the patriarchs of the Israelites and Leah, his first wife. The episode of her abduction and violation by a Canaanite prince, and the subsequent vengeance of her brothers Simeon and Levi, commonly referred to as "The Rape of...
, Jacob
Jacob
Jacob "heel" or "leg-puller"), also later known as Israel , as described in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament and the Qur'an was the third patriarch of the Hebrew people with whom God made a covenant, and ancestor of the tribes of Israel, which were named after his descendants.In the...
's daughter who appears in Genesis.
- Name: Raḥma
- Source: Islamic tradition
The source does not tell which wife of Job has this name.
Samson's mother
- Name: Z'llpunithHazelelponiHazelelponi, also spelled Hazzelelponi is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:3. She was the daughter of Etam, sister of Jezreel, Ishma and Idbash, of the tribe of Judah....
- Source: Babylonian Talmud Tractate Baba Bathra Chapter 5
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of JudgesBook of JudgesThe Book of Judges is the seventh book of the Hebrew bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its title describes its contents: it contains the history of Biblical judges, divinely inspired prophets whose direct knowledge of Yahweh allows them to act as decision-makers for the Israelites, as...
13
Jephthah's daughter
- Name: Seila
- Source: Liber Antiquitatum BiblicarumPseudo-PhiloPseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for a Jewish pseudepigraphical work in Latin, so called because it was transmitted along with Latin translations of the works of Philo of Alexandria but is very obviously not written by Philo...
- Name: Adah
- Source: Order of the Eastern StarOrder of the Eastern StarThe Order of the Eastern Star is a fraternal organization that both men and women can join. It was established in 1850 by Rob Morris, a lawyer and educator from Boston, Massachusetts, who had been an official with the Freemasons. It is based on teachings from the Bible, but is open to people of all...
- Appears in the Bible at: JudgesBook of JudgesThe Book of Judges is the seventh book of the Hebrew bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its title describes its contents: it contains the history of Biblical judges, divinely inspired prophets whose direct knowledge of Yahweh allows them to act as decision-makers for the Israelites, as...
11
The Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
Pseudo-Philo
Pseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for a Jewish pseudepigraphical work in Latin, so called because it was transmitted along with Latin translations of the works of Philo of Alexandria but is very obviously not written by Philo...
falsely ascribes itself to the Jewish author Philo
Philo
Philo , known also as Philo of Alexandria , Philo Judaeus, Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, Yedidia, "Philon", and Philo the Jew, was a Hellenistic Jewish Biblical philosopher born in Alexandria....
. It in fact did not surface until the sixteenth century; see Works of Philo.
The Witch of Endor
- Name: Zephaniah
- Source: A RabbiRabbiIn Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
nical midrashMidrashThe Hebrew term Midrash is a homiletic method of biblical exegesis. The term also refers to the whole compilation of homiletic teachings on the Bible....
- Name: Sedecla
- Source: Liber Antiquitatum BiblicarumPseudo-PhiloPseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for a Jewish pseudepigraphical work in Latin, so called because it was transmitted along with Latin translations of the works of Philo of Alexandria but is very obviously not written by Philo...
- Appears in the Bible at: 1 SamuelBooks of SamuelThe Books of Samuel in the Jewish bible are part of the Former Prophets, , a theological history of the Israelites affirming and explaining the Torah under the guidance of the prophets.Samuel begins by telling how the prophet Samuel is chosen by...
28
According to a midrash on 1 Samuel 28, Zephaniah was the mother of Abner
Abner
In the Book of Samuel, Abner , is first cousin to Saul and commander-in-chief of his army...
, Saul's cousin, and a military commander in Saul's army. (See 1 Samuel 14)
David's mother
- Name: Nzb'th daughter of Edal
- Source: Babylonian Talmud Tractate Baba Bathra Chapter 5 (folio 91a)
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of Samuel
The Queen of Sheba
- Name: Makeda
- Source: Traditional EthiopianEthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
lore surrounding Emperor Menelik IMenelik IMenelik I , first Jewish Emperor of Ethiopia, is traditionally believed to be the son of King Solomon of ancient Israel and Makeda, ancient Ethiopia Queen of Sheba. He ruled around 950 BC, according to traditional sources...
; see the Kebra NagastKebra NagastThe Kebra Nagast , or the Book of the Glory of Kings, is an account written in Ge'ez of the origins of the Solomonic line of the Emperors of Ethiopia. The text, in its existing form, is at least seven hundred years old, and is considered by many Ethiopian Christians and Rastafarians to be an...
- Name: Nicaule
- Source: JosephusJosephusTitus Flavius Josephus , also called Joseph ben Matityahu , was a 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ancestry who recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the 1st century AD and the First Jewish–Roman War, which resulted in the Destruction of...
- Name: Bilqis
- Source: IslamIslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic traditions
- Appears in the Bible at: 1 KingsBooks of KingsThe Book of Kings presents a narrative history of ancient Israel and Judah from the death of David to the release of his successor Jehoiachin from imprisonment in Babylon, a period of some 400 years...
10; 2 Books of ChroniclesBooks of ChroniclesThe Books of Chronicles are part of the Hebrew Bible. In the Masoretic Text, it appears as the first or last book of the Ketuvim . Chronicles largely parallels the Davidic narratives in the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings...
9
According to Ethiopian traditions, the Queen of Sheba returned to Ethiopia pregnant with King Solomon
Solomon
Solomon , according to the Book of Kings and the Book of Chronicles, a King of Israel and according to the Talmud one of the 48 prophets, is identified as the son of David, also called Jedidiah in 2 Samuel 12:25, and is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before...
's child. She bore Solomon a son that went on to found a dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
that ruled Ethiopia until the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974.
Haman's mother
- Name: Amthlai daughter of Urbthi
- Source: Babylonian Talmud Tractate Baba Bathra Chapter 5
- Appears in the Bible at: Book of EstherBook of EstherThe Book of Esther is a book in the Ketuvim , the third section of the Jewish Tanakh and is part of the Christian Old Testament. The Book of Esther or the Megillah is the basis for the Jewish celebration of Purim...
Apocrypha/Deuterocanonical books
The Deuterocanonical booksDeuterocanonical books
Deuterocanonical books is a term used since the sixteenth century in the Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity to describe certain books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the Hebrew Bible. The term is used in contrast to the protocanonical books, which are...
, sometimes called the "Apocrypha
Biblical apocrypha
The word "apocrypha" is today often used to refer to the collection of ancient books printed in some editions of the Bible in a separate section between the Old and New Testaments...
", are considered canonical by Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox (though with slightly different lists of books), but are considered non-canonical by Protestants.
The woman with seven sons
The woman with seven sonsWoman with seven sons
The woman with seven sons was a Jewish martyr described in 2 Maccabees 7 and other sources. Although unnamed in 2 Maccabees, she is known variously as Hannah, Miriam and Solomonia.-2 Maccabees:...
is a Jewish martyr
Martyr
A martyr is somebody who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce, or accept, a belief or cause, usually religious.-Meaning:...
who is unnamed in 2 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
2 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible, which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work....
7, but is named Hannah, Miriam, Shamuna and Solomonia in other sources. According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, her sons, the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs" (not to be confused with the martyrs in the Ethiopian book of Meqabyan
Meqabyan
I, II, and III Meqabyan are three books in the Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament Biblical canon....
), are named Abim, Antonius, Gurias, Eleazar, Eusebonus, Alimus and Marcellus.
The seven Archangels
TobitBook of Tobit
The Book of Tobit is a book of scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canon, pronounced canonical by the Council of Carthage of 397 and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent...
12:15 reads "I am Raphael, one of the seven holy angels
Seven Archangels
The earliest reference to a system of seven archangels as a group appears to be in Enoch I which is not part of the Jewish Canon, where they are named as Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel, Raguel, Remiel and Saraqael...
, which present the prayers of the saints, and which go in and out before the glory of the Holy One." Of the six unnamed archangels
Seven Archangels
The earliest reference to a system of seven archangels as a group appears to be in Enoch I which is not part of the Jewish Canon, where they are named as Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel, Raguel, Remiel and Saraqael...
, Michael
Michael (archangel)
Michael , Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; , Mikhaḗl; or Míchaël; , Mīkhā'īl) is an archangel in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic teachings. Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Lutherans refer to him as Saint Michael the Archangel and also simply as Saint Michael...
is named in the Book of Daniel
Book of Daniel
The Book of Daniel is a book in the Hebrew Bible. The book tells of how Daniel, and his Judean companions, were inducted into Babylon during Jewish exile, and how their positions elevated in the court of Nebuchadnezzar. The court tales span events that occur during the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar,...
, and Gabriel
Gabriel
In Abrahamic religions, Gabriel is an Archangel who typically serves as a messenger to humans from God.He first appears in the Book of Daniel, delivering explanations of Daniel's visions. In the Gospel of Luke Gabriel foretells the births of both John the Baptist and of Jesus...
is named in the Gospel of Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
.
The Book of Enoch
Book of Enoch
The Book of Enoch is an ancient Jewish religious work, traditionally ascribed to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah. It is not part of the biblical canon as used by Jews, apart from Beta Israel...
, deuterocanonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, names the remaining four archangels Uriel
Uriel
Uriel is one of the archangels of post-Exilic Rabbinic tradition, and also of certain Christian traditions...
, Raguel
Raguel (angel)
Raguel is one of the seven archangels mainly of the Judaic and Islamic traditions. His name's meaning is considered to be "Friend of God".Raguel is referred to as the archangel of justice, fairness and harmony...
, Zerachiel
Zerachiel
Archangel Zerachiel is one of the primary angels who leads souls to judgement. An Angel of Healing, he is also the presiding angel of the sun, prince of ministering angels those who watch over mortals, and the angel of children, particularly children of parents who have sinned...
, and Ramiel
Ramiel
Râmîêl is a fallen Watcher in the apocryphal Book of Enoch, one of 20 leaders, mentioned sixth. Ramiel means "thunder of God" from the Hebrew elements ra'am and El, "God". Remiel is one of the archangels of the Christian and Islamic traditions, the Hebrew name meaning "Mercy of God" or "Compassion...
. Other sources name them Uriel, Izidkiel, Haniel
Haniel
Haniel , also known as Anael, Hanael or Aniel, is an angel in Jewish lore and angelology, and is often included in lists as being one of the seven archangels. Haniel is generally associated with the planet Venus, he is also the archangel of the Sephirah Netzach...
, and Kepharel. In the Coptic Orthodox Church the names of these four archangels are given as Suriel, Sedakiel, Sarathiel and Ananiel. Several other sets of names have also been given.
New Testament
The Magi
- Names: Balthasar, Melqon, Gaspar
- Source: Armenisches Kindheitsevangelium
- Names: Balthasar, Melchior, and Caspar (or Gaspar)
- Source: European folklore
- Names: Hor, Basanater, and Karsudan
- Source: The Book of Adam, an apocryphal EthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
n text
- Names: Larvandad, Hormisdas, and Gushnasaph
- Source: SyriaSyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
n ChristianChristianityChristianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
folklore
- Appear in the Bible at: MatthewGospel of MatthewThe Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
2
The Gospel does not state that there were, in fact, three magi or when exactly they visited Jesus, only that multiple magi brought three gifts: gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
, frankincense
Frankincense
Frankincense, also called olibanum , is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, particularly Boswellia sacra, B. carteri, B. thurifera, B. frereana, and B. bhaw-dajiana...
, and myrrh
Myrrh
Myrrh is the aromatic oleoresin of a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora, which grow in dry, stony soil. An oleoresin is a natural blend of an essential oil and a resin. Myrrh resin is a natural gum....
. Nevertheless, the number of magi is usually extrapolated from the number of gifts, and the three wise men are a staple of Christian nativity scene
Nativity scene
A nativity scene, manger scene, krippe, crèche, or crib, is a depiction of the birth of Jesus as described in the gospels of Matthew and Luke...
s. While the European names have enjoyed the most publicity, other faith traditions have different versions. According to the Armenisches Kindheitsevangelium, the three magi were brothers and kings, namely Balthasar, king of India; Melqon, king of Persia; and Gaspar, king of Arabia. The Chinese Christian Church believes that the astronomer
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
Liu Shang was one of the wise men.
The Nativity shepherds
- Names: Asher, Zebulun, Justus, Nicodemus, Joseph, Barshabba, and Jose
- Source: The Syrian Book of the BeeBook of the BeeThe Book of the Bee is an historical/theological compilation containing numerous bible legends. It was written by Syrian Nestorian Solomon, Bishop of Bassora . It was written in Syriac.-Book:...
- Appear in the Bible at LukeGospel of LukeThe Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
2
The Book of the Bee was written by Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
Shelemon in the Aramaic language
Aramaic language
Aramaic is a group of languages belonging to the Afroasiatic language phylum. The name of the language is based on the name of Aram, an ancient region in central Syria. Within this family, Aramaic belongs to the Semitic family, and more specifically, is a part of the Northwest Semitic subfamily,...
in the thirteenth century.
Sisters/step-sisters/female cousins of Jesus
- Names: Maria
- Source: Gospel according to PhillipusGospel of PhilipThe Gospel of Philip is one of the Gnostic Gospels, a text of New Testament apocrypha, dating back to around the third century but lost to modern researchers until an Egyptian peasant rediscovered it by accident, buried in a cave near Nag Hammadi, in 1945...
- Names: Lysia and Lydia
- Source: History of Joseph the CarpenterHistory of Joseph the CarpenterThe History of Joseph the Carpenter is one of the texts within the New Testament apocrypha concerned with period of Jesus' life before he was 12....
- Names: Maria or Anna, Salomé
- Source: Epiphanus
The fact that Jesus had at least two sisters/stepsisters/female cousins is mentioned in Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
3, 32–34 and Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
12, 50, though their exact number is not specified in either gospel. In addition, the various versions of Epiphanus differ on whether one of the sisters was named Maria or Anna.
Herodias' daughter
- Name: SalomeSalomeSalome , the Daughter of Herodias , is known from the New Testament...
- Source: The Jewish Antiquities of JosephusJosephusTitus Flavius Josephus , also called Joseph ben Matityahu , was a 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ancestry who recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the 1st century AD and the First Jewish–Roman War, which resulted in the Destruction of...
- Appears in the Bible at: MatthewGospel of MatthewThe Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
14, MarkGospel of MarkThe Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
6
Syrophoenician woman
- Name: Justa
- Source: 3rd century pseudo-Clementine homilyClementine literatureClementine literature is the name given to the religious romance which purports to contain a record made by one Clement of discourses...
- Appears in the Bible at: MatthewGospel of MatthewThe Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
15, MarkGospel of MarkThe Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
7
According to the same source, her daughter was Berenice.
Hæmorrhaging woman
- Name: Bernice
- Source: The apocryphal Acts of PilateActs of PilateThe Acts of Pilate , also called the Gospel of Pilate, is a book of New Testament apocrypha. The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century...
- Name: VeronicaSaint VeronicaSaint Veronica or Berenice, according to the "Acta Sanctorum" published by the Bollandists , was a pious woman of Jerusalem who, moved with pity as Jesus carried his cross to Golgotha, gave him her veil that he might wipe his forehead...
- Source: Latin translation of the Acts of PilateActs of PilateThe Acts of Pilate , also called the Gospel of Pilate, is a book of New Testament apocrypha. The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century...
- Appears in the Bible at:
Veronica is a Latin variant of Berenice . According to the Acts of the Apostles, Veronica or Berenice obtained some of Jesus' blood on a cloth at the Crucifixion
Crucifixion
Crucifixion is an ancient method of painful execution in which the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead...
. Tradition identifies her with the woman who was healed of a bleeding discharge in the Gospel (see also: Veil of Veronica
Veil of Veronica
The Veil of Veronica, or Sudarium , often called simply "The Veronica" and known in Italian as the Volto Santo or Holy Face is a Catholic relic, which, according to legend, bears the likeness of the Face of Jesus not made by human hand The Veil of Veronica, or Sudarium (Latin for sweat-cloth),...
).
Samaritan woman at the well
- Name: Photina
- Source: Eastern Orthodox Church Tradition
- Appears in the Bible at: John 4:5-42
In the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the woman at the well became a follower of Christ, was baptized, proclaimed the Gospel over a wide area, and was later martyred. She is recognized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Damned rich man
- Name: NinevehNinevehNineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and capital of the Neo Assyrian Empire. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, in the Ninawa Governorate of Iraq....
- Source: CopticCoptic languageCoptic or Coptic Egyptian is the current stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century. Egyptian began to be written using the Greek alphabet in the 1st century...
folklore
- Name: Phineas
- Source: Pseudo-CyprianCyprianCyprian was bishop of Carthage and an important Early Christian writer, many of whose Latin works are extant. He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education...
, De pascha computus
- Name: DivesLazarus and DivesThe Parable of the rich man and Lazarus is a well known parable of Jesus which appears in one of the Four Gospels of the New Testament....
- Source: European Christian folklore
- Appears in the Bible at:
Dives is simply Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
for "rich", and as such may not count as a proper name. The story of the blessed Lazarus
Lazarus and Dives
The Parable of the rich man and Lazarus is a well known parable of Jesus which appears in one of the Four Gospels of the New Testament....
and the damned rich man is widely recognised under the title of Dives and Lazarus, which may have resulted in this word being taken for a proper name.
Woman taken in adultery
- Name: Mary MagdaleneMary MagdaleneMary Magdalene was one of Jesus' most celebrated disciples, and the most important woman disciple in the movement of Jesus. Jesus cleansed her of "seven demons", conventionally interpreted as referring to complex illnesses...
- Source: Western Christian tradition
- Appears in the Bible at: JohnGospel of JohnThe Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
8
A long standing Western Christian tradition first attested by Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I , better known in English as Gregory the Great, was pope from 3 September 590 until his death...
identifies the woman taken in adultery
Adultery
Adultery is sexual infidelity to one's spouse, and is a form of extramarital sex. It originally referred only to sex between a woman who was married and a person other than her spouse. Even in cases of separation from one's spouse, an extramarital affair is still considered adultery.Adultery is...
with Mary Magdalene, and also with Mary of Bethany. Jesus had exorcised
Exorcism
Exorcism is the religious practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person or place which they are believed to have possessed...
seven demons out of Mary Magdalene (Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
), and Mary Magdalene appears prominently in the several accounts of Jesus' entombment and resurrection, but there is no indication in the Bible that clearly states that Mary Magdalene was the same person as the adulteress forgiven by Jesus. Roman Catholics also have identified Mary Magdalene as the weeping woman who was a sinner, and who anoints Jesus' feet in , and while the Church has dropped this interpretation to a degree, this remains one of her more famous portrayals.
The Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
has never identified Mary Magdalene as either the woman taken in adultery, or the sinful woman who anointed Jesus' feet.
The man born blind
- Name: CelidoniusCelidoniusCelidonius is the traditional name ascribed to the "man born blind" whom Jesus healed in the Gospel of John . This tradition is attested in both Eastern and Western Christianity.One tradition ascribes to St...
- Source: Christian tradition
- Appears in the Bible at: JohnGospel of JohnThe Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
Pontius Pilate's wife
- Name: Claudia, Procla, Procula, Perpetua or Claudia Procles
- Source: European folklore; Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ (as "Claudia Procles")
- Appears in the Bible at:
During the trial of Jesus the wife of Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilatus , known in the English-speaking world as Pontius Pilate , was the fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. He is best known as the judge at Jesus' trial and the man who authorized the crucifixion of Jesus...
sent a message to him saying, "Have nothing to do with that just man; for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him."
The proposed names of Procla and Procula may not be names at all, but simply a form of Pilate's official title of Procurator
Procurator (Roman)
A procurator was the title of various officials of the Roman Empire, posts mostly filled by equites . A procurator Augusti was the governor of the smaller imperial provinces...
, indicating that she was the Procurator's wife.
Thieves crucified with Jesus
- Names: Zoathan and Chammata
- Source: Gospel of Mark (Latin addition to the Greek text)
- Names: Zoatham and Camma
- Source: Gospel of Matthew (Latin addition to the Greek text)
- Names: Joathas and Maggatras
- Source: Gospel of Luke (Latin addition to the Greek text)
- Names: Titus and Dumachus
- Source: Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the SaviourArabic Infancy GospelThe Syriac Infancy Gospel is one of the texts found in the New Testament apocrypha concerning the infancy of Jesus. It may have been compiled as early as the sixth century, and was based on the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and Protevangelium of James.-Contents:...
- Names: Dismas and GestasGestasThe impenitent thief was one of the two thieves who was crucified alongside Jesus. According to the Gospels, he taunted Jesus about not saving himself, while the penitent thief asked for mercy. The impenitent thief is given the apocryphal name Gestas, which first appears in the Gospel of Nicodemus,...
(or, Gesmas) - Source: Acts of PilateActs of PilateThe Acts of Pilate , also called the Gospel of Pilate, is a book of New Testament apocrypha. The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century...
- Appears in the Bible at: Matthew 27, Mark 15, Luke 23
Dismas is revered as a saint under that name by Roman Catholics.
Soldier who pierced Jesus with a spear
- Name: Longinus
- Source: Acts of PilateActs of PilateThe Acts of Pilate , also called the Gospel of Pilate, is a book of New Testament apocrypha. The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century...
- Appears in the Bible at: JohnGospel of JohnThe Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
19:34
In tradition he is called Cassius before his conversion to Christianity. The Lance of Longinus
Holy Lance
The Holy Lance is the name given to the lance that pierced Jesus' side as he hung on the cross in John's account of the Crucifixion.-Biblical references:The lance is mentioned only in the Gospel of John and not in any of the...
, also known as the Spear of Destiny, is supposedly preserved as a relic
Relic
In religion, a relic is a part of the body of a saint or a venerated person, or else another type of ancient religious object, carefully preserved for purposes of veneration or as a tangible memorial...
, and various miracles are said to be worked through it.
Man who offered Jesus vinegar
- Name: StephatonStephatonStephaton or was the name given by tradition to the Roman soldier, unnamed in the Gospels, who offered Jesus a sponge soaked in vinegar wine after Jesus cried out "I thirst" , and thus a subordinate of Longinus the centurion. It is not known when or how the name originated, well before the end of...
- Source: Codex Egberti, 10th century
- Appears in the Bible at: , , &
Guard(s) at Jesus' tomb
- Name: Petronius
- Source: Apocryphal Gospel of PeterGospel of PeterThe Gospel According to Peter , commonly called the Gospel of Peter, is one of the non-Canonical gospels which were rejected by the Church Fathers and the Catholic Church's synods of Carthage and Rome, which established the New Testament canon, as apocryphal...
- Names: Issachar, Gad, Matthias, Barnabas, Simon
- Source: The Book of the Bee
- Appears in the Bible at:
See also
- Non-canonical books referenced in the BibleNon-canonical books referenced in the BibleThe non-canonical books in this article include Biblical apocrypha and Deuterocanonical books , Pseudepigrapha, writings from Hellenistic and other non-Biblical cultures, and lost works of known or unknown status...
- Seventy DisciplesSeventy DisciplesThe seventy disciples or seventy-two disciples were early followers of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke . According to Luke, the only gospel in which they appear, Jesus appointed them and sent them out in pairs on a specific mission which is detailed in the text...
- Brother of JaredBrother of JaredAccording to the Book of Mormon, the brother of Jared is the most prominent person in the account given in the beginning of the Book of Ether. Moriancumer is the name of the place where Jared and the people he was traveling with settled for a time. Some years after the publication of the Book...
- Tiberius Iulius Abdes PanteraTiberius Iulius Abdes PanteraTiberius Iulius Abdes Pantera was a Roman solder whose tombstone was found in Bingerbrück, Germany in 1859.Historically, the name Pantera is not an unusual name and had been in use among Roman soldiers in the second century....
, sometimes alleged to be the father of Jesus.
For further reference
- "Names for the Nameless", in The Oxford Companion to the Bible, Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan, editors. ISBN 0-19-504645-5
- "The Poem of the Man GodPoem of the Man GodThe Poem of the Man God is a multi volume book of about four thousand pages on the life of Jesus Christ written by the Italian mystic Maria Valtorta...
", Centro Editoriale Valtortiano srl, Maria ValtortaMaria ValtortaMaria Valtorta was a Roman Catholic Italian writer and poet, considered by many to be a mystic. Her work centers on Catholic Christian themes...
. (5 Volumes) no ISBN.