The Hindu scriptures contain many numerical descriptions concerning distances, durations and numbers of items in the universe as seen from the perspective of Hindu cosmology

Hindu cosmology

In Hindu cosmology the universe is, according to Hindu mythology and Vedic cosmology, cyclically created and destroyed.-Description:The Hindu cosmology and timeline is the closest to modern scientific timelines and even more which might indicate that the Big Bang is not the beginning of everything...

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List

Property	Number or measurement
Dimension of jivaatma (soul)	1/10000th part of hair tip
Distance from Satyaloka to Vaikuntha	26,200,000 yojanas (209,600,000 miles)
Distance from Dhruvaloka (the pole star Pole star The term "Pole Star" usually refers to Polaris, which is the current northern pole star, also known as the North Star.In general, however, a pole star is a visible star, especially a prominent one, that is approximately aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation; that is, a star whose apparent... ) to the Sun Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields...	3,800,000 yojanas
Distance from Dhruvaloka to Maharloka	10,000,000 yojanas
Distance from Maharloka to Janaloka	20,000,000 yojanas
Distance from Janaloka to Tapoloka	80,000,000 yojanas
Distance from Tapoloka to Satyaloka	120,000,000 yojanas
Distance from the Sun to Satyaloka	233,800,000 yojanas (1,870,400,000 miles)
Covering of the Universe	260,000,000 yojanas (2,080,000,000 miles) away from the Sun, each covering layer is 10 times bigger than previous
Distance from the Sun to the Earth	lower planetary systems Naraka Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the underworld; literally, of man. According to Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, Naraka is a place of torment, or Hell...  called Atala, Vitala, Sutala, Talātala, Mahātala, Rasātala and Pātāla
Distance from lower planets to Śesha Nāga Shesha In Hindu tradition, Shesha or Sheshanaag is the king of all nagas, one of the primal beings of creation, and according to the Bhagavata Purana, an Avatar of the Supreme God known as Sankarshan. In the Puranas, Shesha is said to hold all the planets of the Universe on his hoods and to constantly...  lying on the Garbhodaka Ocean	30,000 yojanas
Depth of Garbhodaka ocean	249,800,000 yojanas deep
Total diameter Diameter In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle. The diameters are the longest chords of the circle...  of the Universe	approximately 500,000,000 yojanas, or 4,000,000,000 miles
Number of kinds of material bodies for soul Soul A soul in certain spiritual, philosophical, and psychological traditions is the incorporeal essence of a person or living thing or object. Many philosophical and spiritual systems teach that humans have souls, and others teach that all living things and even inanimate objects have souls. The... , jiva Jiva In Hinduism and Jainism, a jiva is a living being, or more specifically, the immortal essence of a living organism which survives physical death. It has a very similar usage to atma, but whereas atma refers to "the cosmic self", jiva is used to denote an individual 'living entity' or 'living... atma Atma Atma may refer to:*Atman , in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions: the higher self.* Atma, a 2011 album by the band YobATMA may refer to:...  (or species of life) in material world	8,400,000
Distance from planet Rāhu Rahu In Hindu mythology, Rahu is a cut-off head of an asura, that swallows the sun or the moon causing eclipses. He is depicted in art as a serpent with no body riding a chariot drawn by eight black horses. Rahu is one of the navagrahas in Vedic astrology...  to the Sun	10,000 yojanas (80,000 miles)
Distance from Rāhu to planets of the Siddhas, Cāranas and Vidyādharas	1,000,000 yojanas
Distance from the Earth Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...  to the lower planetary systems — Atala Atala Atala may refer to:* Atala , an Italian manufacturer of bicycles* 152 Atala, an asteroid.* Eumaeus atala, a species of butterfly.* Atala , a novella by François-René de Chateaubriand... , Vitala, Sutala, Talātala, Mahātala, Rasātala and Pātāla Patala Patala is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ghaziabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.-Demographics: India census, Patala had a population of 9730. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Patala has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of...	70,000 yojanas
Number of species living in the water	900,000
Number of kinds of sthāvara (non-moving living entities such as trees and plants)	2,000,000
Number of species of insects and reptiles	1,100,000
Number of species of birds	1,000,000
Number of varieties of quadrupeds	3,000,000
Number of human species	400,000
Number of Manu Manu -Geography:*Manú Province, a province of Peru, in the Madre de Dios Region*Manú National Park, Peru*Manú River, in southeastern Peru*Manu River, Tripura, which originates in India and flows into Bangladesh... s who manifest in one kalpa (one day of Brahmā Brahma Brahma is the Hindu god of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. According to the Brahma Purana, he is the father of Mānu, and from Mānu all human beings are descended. In the Ramayana and the... )	fourteen Manus
Duration of one day of Brahmā	1,000 yuga Yuga Yuga in Hindu philosophy is the name of an 'epoch' or 'era' within a cycle of four ages. These are the Satya Yuga, the Treta Yuga, the Dvapara Yuga, and finally the Kali Yuga. According to Hindu cosmology, life in the universe is created, destroyed once every 4.1 to 8.2 billion years, which is... s (4.32 billion years)
Number of Manus who manifest during one month of Brahmā	420 Manus
Number of Manus who manifest during one year of Brahmā	5,040 Manus
Number of Manus who manifest during the lifetime of one Brahmā	504,000 Manus
Total duration of four yugas (Satya+Treta+Dvapara+Kali)	4,320,000 years
Number of the present Manu (Vaivasvata Manu)	7th Manu
Age of our (Vaivasvata) Manu	27 divya-yugas [27 x 4,320,000 solar years]
Number of planetary systems in this Brahmanda (material universe)	14
Duration of 100 years of Brahma (his lifetime duration)	311,040,000,000,000 years
Duration of one manvantara Manvantara Manvantara or Manuvantara , or age of a Manu , the Hindu progenitor of mankind, is an astronomical period of time measurement. Manvantara is a Sanskrit sandhi, a combination of words manu and antara, manu-antara or manvantara, literally meaning the duration of a Manu, or his life span .Each... , the lifespan of one Manu	seventy-one yugas (=71*4,320,000 years)
Duration of Satya yuga Satya Yuga The Satya Yuga , also called Sat Yuga, Krta Yuga and Krita Yuga in Hinduism, is the "Yuga of Truth", when mankind is governed by gods, and every manifestation or work is close to the purest ideal and mankind will allow intrinsic goodness to rule supreme...	1,728,000 years
Duration of Tretā-yuga Treta Yuga Treta Yuga is the second out of four yugas, or ages of mankind, in the religion of Hinduism, and follows the Satya Yuga of perfect morality and precedes the Dvapara Yuga. The most famous events in this yuga were Lord Vishnu's fifth, sixth and seventh incarnations as Vamana, Parashurama and...	1,296,000 years
Duration of Dvāpara-yuga Dvapara Yuga Dvapara Yuga or Dwapara Yuga is the third out of four yugas, or ages, described in the scriptures of Hinduism. This yuga comes after Treta Yuga and is followed by Kali Yuga...	864,000 years
Duration of Kali-yuga Kali Yuga Kali Yuga is the last of the four stages that the world goes through as part of the cycle of yugas described in the Indian scriptures. The other ages are Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga...	432,000 years
Duration of lifetime of human in Satya yuga Satya Yuga The Satya Yuga , also called Sat Yuga, Krta Yuga and Krita Yuga in Hinduism, is the "Yuga of Truth", when mankind is governed by gods, and every manifestation or work is close to the purest ideal and mankind will allow intrinsic goodness to rule supreme...	around 100,000 years (process for self-realization is meditation on Paramatma - Narayana Narayana Narayana or Narayan or Naraina is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary vernaculars a common Indian name. Narayana is also identified as the original man, Purusha. The Puranas present divergent views on Narayana... )
Duration of lifetime of human in Tretā-yuga Treta Yuga Treta Yuga is the second out of four yugas, or ages of mankind, in the religion of Hinduism, and follows the Satya Yuga of perfect morality and precedes the Dvapara Yuga. The most famous events in this yuga were Lord Vishnu's fifth, sixth and seventh incarnations as Vamana, Parashurama and...	around 10,000 years
Duration of lifetime of human in Dvāpara-yuga Dvapara Yuga Dvapara Yuga or Dwapara Yuga is the third out of four yugas, or ages, described in the scriptures of Hinduism. This yuga comes after Treta Yuga and is followed by Kali Yuga...	around 1,000 years (process for self-realization is temple worship)
Duration of lifetime of human in Kali-yuga Kali Yuga Kali Yuga is the last of the four stages that the world goes through as part of the cycle of yugas described in the Indian scriptures. The other ages are Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga...	around 100 years (process for self-realization is Hari Nama Sankirtana, chanting holy names of Krishna Krishna Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu... , Hari Hari Hari is an Avatar, another name of and , and appears as the 650th name in the Vishnu sahasranama of Mahabharata. In Sanskrit "hari" sometimes refers to a colour, green, yellow, or fawn-coloured/khaki. It is the colour of the Sun and of Soma... , Narayana Narayana Narayana or Narayan or Naraina is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary vernaculars a common Indian name. Narayana is also identified as the original man, Purusha. The Puranas present divergent views on Narayana... , Vishnu Vishnu Vishnu is the Supreme god in the Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. Smarta followers of Adi Shankara, among others, venerate Vishnu as one of the five primary forms of God.... , Shiva Shiva Shiva is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. God Shiva is a yogi who has notice of everything that happens in the world and is the main aspect of life. Yet one with great power lives a life of a... , Skanda Skanda Skanda is the name of deities popular amongst Hindus and Buddhists.* Skanda, a Hindu deity also known as Kartikeya and Murugan and Subhramanya* Skanda , a popular Deva and/or Bodhisattva popular in Chinese Buddhism... , Ganesha Ganesha Ganesha , also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh, also known as Ganapati , Vinayaka , and Pillaiyar , is one of the deities best-known and most widely worshipped in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India and Nepal. Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations... , Shakti Shakti Shakti from Sanskrit shak - "to be able," meaning sacred force or empowerment, is the primordial cosmic energy and represents the dynamic forces that are thought to move through the entire universe in Hinduism. Shakti is the concept, or personification, of divine feminine creative power, sometimes... ...)
Time passed after beginning of Kali-Yuga (Battle of Kurukṣetra Kurukshetra Kurukshetra is a land of historical and religious importance. Historically the land belonged to Punjab now a district in Haryana state of India. It is a holy place and is also known as Dharmakshetra . According to the Puranas, Kurukshetra is named after King Kuru, the ancestor of Kauravas and... )	around 5,114 years
Steeds of Indra	1,100
Spiritual benefits of following Janmashtami Vows (fasting etc.)	One ... becomes freed from the sins of ten million births.
Happiness of liberation into impersonal Brahman Brahman In Hinduism, Brahman is the one supreme, universal Spirit that is the origin and support of the phenomenal universe. Brahman is sometimes referred to as the Absolute or Godhead which is the Divine Ground of all being...  (brahmajyoti) compared with happiness of devotional service to Bhagavan Bhagavan Bhagavan, also written Bhagwan or Bhagawan, from the Sanskrit nt-stem literally means "possessing fortune, blessed, prosperous" , and hence "illustrious, divine, venerable, holy", etc.In some traditions of Hinduism it is used to...	bhakti Bhakti In Hinduism Bhakti is religious devotion in the form of active involvement of a devotee in worship of the divine.Within monotheistic Hinduism, it is the love felt by the worshipper towards the personal God, a concept expressed in Hindu theology as Svayam Bhagavan.Bhakti can be used of either...  is trillionfold better than impersonalism
Frequency with which Krishna Krishna Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu...  descends to this planet	every 8,640,000,000 years (once in a day of Brahma Brahma Brahma is the Hindu god of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. According to the Brahma Purana, he is the father of Mānu, and from Mānu all human beings are descended. In the Ramayana and the... )

Note: Where distances are given in yojana

Yojana

A Yojana is a Vedic measure of distance used in ancient India. The exact measurement is disputed amongst scholars with distances being given between 6 to 15 kilometers ....

 a rough equivalent is sometimes given in mile

Mile

A mile is a unit of length, most commonly 5,280 feet . The mile of 5,280 feet is sometimes called the statute mile or land mile to distinguish it from the nautical mile...

s calculated at 8 miles to the yojana. The actual length of the yojana varied throughout its period of use between 4 and 9 miles.

External links

• For distances in yojanas see the yojana page on vedabase.net.