List of rulers of Bhutan
Encyclopedia
Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

 was founded and unified as a country by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government
Dual system of government
The Dual System of Government or Cho-sid-nyi is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler. The actual distribution of power between institutions varied over time and...

." Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

 (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: 'brug sde-srid; also called "Deb Raja");The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: sde-srid phyag-mdzod.
and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 (Dzongkha: རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: rje mkhan-po). Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 (Dzongkha: ཞབས་དྲུང།; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: zhabs-drung), a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Shabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlop
Penlop
Penlop is a Dzongkha term roughly translated as governor. Bhutanese penlops, prior to unification, controlled certain districts of the country, but now hold no administrative office...

s
(governors) often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified Wangchuck monarchy
House of Wangchuck
The House of Wangchuck has ruled Bhutan since it was reunified in 1907. Prior to reunification, the Wangchuck family had governed the district of Trongsa as descendants of Dungkar Choji. They eventually overpowered other regional lords and earned the favour of the British Empire...

 in 1907.

Druk Desis (1650–1905)

Below appears the list of Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s throughout the existence of the office. Officeholders were initially appointed by Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation state...

, though after his death the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 and civil government decided appointments.

Italics indicate coregencies and caretaker governments, which are not traditionally separately numbered.
Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s of Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

Number Name Date of Birth Reign start Reign end Date of Death
1 Tenzin Drukgye

Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

 was founded and unified as a country by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government
Dual system of government
The Dual System of Government or Cho-sid-nyi is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler. The actual distribution of power between institutions varied over time and...

." Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

 (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: 'brug sde-srid; also called "Deb Raja");The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: sde-srid phyag-mdzod.
and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 (Dzongkha: རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: rje mkhan-po). Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 (Dzongkha: ཞབས་དྲུང།; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: zhabs-drung), a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Shabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlop
Penlop
Penlop is a Dzongkha term roughly translated as governor. Bhutanese penlops, prior to unification, controlled certain districts of the country, but now hold no administrative office...

s
(governors) often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified Wangchuck monarchy
House of Wangchuck
The House of Wangchuck has ruled Bhutan since it was reunified in 1907. Prior to reunification, the Wangchuck family had governed the district of Trongsa as descendants of Dungkar Choji. They eventually overpowered other regional lords and earned the favour of the British Empire...

 in 1907.

Druk Desis (1650–1905)

Below appears the list of Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s throughout the existence of the office. Officeholders were initially appointed by Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation state...

, though after his death the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 and civil government decided appointments.

Italics indicate coregencies and caretaker governments, which are not traditionally separately numbered.
Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s of Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

Number Name Date of Birth Reign start Reign end Date of Death
1 Tenzin Drukgye

Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

 was founded and unified as a country by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government
Dual system of government
The Dual System of Government or Cho-sid-nyi is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler. The actual distribution of power between institutions varied over time and...

." Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

 (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: 'brug sde-srid; also called "Deb Raja");The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: sde-srid phyag-mdzod.
and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 (Dzongkha: རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: rje mkhan-po). Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 (Dzongkha: ཞབས་དྲུང།; Wylie
Wylie transliteration
The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...

: zhabs-drung), a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Shabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlop
Penlop
Penlop is a Dzongkha term roughly translated as governor. Bhutanese penlops, prior to unification, controlled certain districts of the country, but now hold no administrative office...

s
(governors) often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified Wangchuck monarchy
House of Wangchuck
The House of Wangchuck has ruled Bhutan since it was reunified in 1907. Prior to reunification, the Wangchuck family had governed the district of Trongsa as descendants of Dungkar Choji. They eventually overpowered other regional lords and earned the favour of the British Empire...

 in 1907.

Druk Desis (1650–1905)

Below appears the list of Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s throughout the existence of the office. Officeholders were initially appointed by Shabdrung
Shabdrung
Shabdrung , was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage...

 Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation state...

, though after his death the Je Khenpo
Je Khenpo
The Je Khenpo , formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons...

 and civil government decided appointments.

Italics indicate coregencies and caretaker governments, which are not traditionally separately numbered.
Druk Desi
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

s of Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

Number Name Date of Birth Reign start Reign end Date of Death
1 Tenzin Drukgye
(བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་; bstan-'dzin 'brg-rgyas)
1650 1655 1655
2 Langonpa Tenzin Drukdra
(ལ་སྔོན་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་; la-sngon-pa bstan-'dzin 'brug-grags)
1655 1667 1667
3 Chhogyel Minjur Tenpa 1667 1680 1691
4 Gyalsay Tenzin Rabgye
Tenzin Rabgye
Tenzin Rabgye was the fourth Druk Desi who ruled from 1680 to 1694. He it is believed to have been the first to have categorized formally the zorig chusum . In 1688, he built Tango Monastery, approximately 14 kilometres from Thimphu...

 
1638 1680 1694 1696
5 Gedun Chomphel 1695 1701 1701
6 Ngawang Tshering 1701 1704
7 Umze Peljor 1704 1707
8 Druk Rabgye 1707 1719 1729
9 Ngawang Gyamtsho 1719 1729 1729
10 Mipham Wangpo 1729 1736
11 Khuwo Peljor 1736 1739
12 Ngawang Gyaltshen 1739 1744
13 Sherab Wangchuck 1744 1763
14 Druk Phuntsho 1763 1765
15 Wangzob Druk Tenzin I 1765 1768
16 Sonam LhundubDruk Desi Sonam Lhundub was the first Bhutanese ruler to confront British
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...

 power, losing in a power bid in Cooch Behar
Cooch Behar
Cooch Behar is the district headquarters and the largest city of Cooch Behar District in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas and located at . Cooch Behar is the only planned town in North Bengal region with remnants of royal heritage...

, a traditional Bhutanese dependency.
1768 1773 1773
17 Kunga Rinchen 1773 1776
18 Jigme Singye 1742 1776 1788 1789
19 Druk Tenzin 1788 1792
20 Umzey Chapchhab 1792 1792 1792
21 Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel) 1792 1799
22 Druk Namgyel 1799 1803
23 Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel)
(2nd reign)
1803 1805
24 Sangye Tenzin 1805 1806
25 Umzey Parob 1806 1808
26 Byop Chhyoda 1807 1808
27 Tulku
Tulku
In Tibetan Buddhism, a tulku is a particular high-ranking lama, of whom the Dalai Lama is one, who can choose the manner of his rebirth. Normally the lama would be reincarnated as a human, and of the same sex as his predecessor. In contrast to a tulku, all other sentient beings including other...

Tsulthrim Daba
1790 1809 1810 1820
28 Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Dragpa) 1810 1811
29 Chholay Yeshey Gyaltshen 1781 1811 1815 1830
30 Tshaphu Dorji Namgyel 1815 1815
31 Sonam Drugyel 1815 1819
32 Gongzim Tenzin Drukda 1819 1823
33 Chhoki Gyaltshen 1823 1831
34 Dorji Namgyel  1831 1832
35 Adab Thinley 1832 1835
36 Chhoki Gyaltshen
(2nd reign)
1835 1838
37 Dorji Norbu 1838 1850
38 Wangchuk Gyalpo 1850 1850
39 Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Norbu)
(in Thimphu)
1850 1852
Chagpa Sangye
(in Punakha
Punakha
thumb|right|Punakha Dzong and the [[Mo Chhu]]Punakha is the administrative centre of Punakha dzongkhag, one of the 20 districts of Bhutan. Punakha was the capital of Bhutan and the seat of government until 1955, when the capital was moved to Thimphu. It is about 72 km away from Thimphu and it...

)
1851 1852
40 Damchho Lhundrup 1852 1854
41 Jamtul Jamyang Tenzin 1854 1856
42 Kunga Palden
(in Punakha)
1856 1860
Sherab Tharchin
(in Thimphu)
1856 1860
43 Phuntsho Namgyel (Nazi Pasang) 1860 1863
44 Tshewang Sithub 1863 1864
Tsulthrim Yonten 1864 1864
45 Kagyud Wangchuk 1864 1864
46 Tshewang Sithub
(2nd reign)
1865 1867
47 Tsondul Pekar 1867 1870
48 Jigme Namgyel
Jigme Namgyal (Bhutan)
Jigme Namgyal of Bhutan is a forefather of the House of Wangchuck. He served as 51st Druk Desi of Bhutan , and held the hereditary post of 10th Penlop of Trongsa...

 
1825 1870 1873 1881
49 Kitshab Dorji Namgyel 1873 1879
Jigme Namgyel
(2nd reign)
1877 1878
Kitsep Dorji Namgyel
(2nd reign)
1878 1879
50 Chhogyel Zangpo March 1879 June 1880 1880
Jigme Namgyel
(3rd reign)
June 1880 July 1881
51 Lam Tshewang 1836 July 1881 May 1883 1883
52 Gawa Zangpo May 1883 August 1885
53 Sangye Dorji 1885 1901 1901
54 Choley Yeshe Ngodub  1851 1903 1905 1917
Notes:

Kings of Bhutan (1907–present)

The Bhutanese monarchy was established in 1907, unifying the country under the control of the Wangchuk family, hereditary penlop
Penlop
Penlop is a Dzongkha term roughly translated as governor. Bhutanese penlops, prior to unification, controlled certain districts of the country, but now hold no administrative office...

s
(governors) of Trongsa
Trongsa
Trongsa, previously Tongsa , is a town and capital of Trongsa District in central Bhutan. The name means "new village" in Dzongkha. The first temple was built in 1543 by the Drukpa Kagyu lama, Ngagi Wangchuk, who was the great-grandfather of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the person who unified...

 district. The king of Bhutan, formally known as the Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), also occupies the office of Druk Desi under the dual system of government
Dual system of government
The Dual System of Government or Cho-sid-nyi is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler. The actual distribution of power between institutions varied over time and...

. Since the enactment of the Constitution of 2008
Constitution of Bhutan
The Constitution of Bhutan was enacted July 18, 2008 by the Royal Government. The Constitution was thoroughly planned by several government officers and agencies over a period of almost seven years amid increasing democratic reforms in Bhutan...

, the Druk Gyalpo has remained head of state
Head of State
A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...

, while the Prime Minister of Bhutan acts as executive and head of government
Head of government
Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...

 in a parliamentary democracy.
Image Name Date of birth Monarch From
(Coronation)
Monarch Until Date of death
Ugyen
Ugyen Wangchuck
Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, penlop of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa...

1862 17 December 1907 21 August 1926
Jigme 1905 21 August 1926
(16 March 1927)
24 March 1952
Jigme Dorji
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck was the Third Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan.He began to open Bhutan to the outside world, began modernization, and took the first steps toward democratization...

2 May 1928 24 March 1952 21 July 1972
Jigme Singye
Jigme Singye Wangchuck
Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...

11 November 1955 21 July 1972
(2 June 1974)
14 December 2006
(abdicated)
Alive
Jigme Khesar Namgyel 21 February 1980 14 December 2006
(6 November 2008)
Incumbent Alive

See also

  • Druk Desi
    Druk Desi
    The Druk Desi ;The original title is Dzongkha: སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད་; Wylie: sde-srid phyag-mdzod. was the title of the secular rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries...

  • Dual system of government
    Dual system of government
    The Dual System of Government or Cho-sid-nyi is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler. The actual distribution of power between institutions varied over time and...

  • Druk Gyalpo
  • House of Wangchuck
    House of Wangchuck
    The House of Wangchuck has ruled Bhutan since it was reunified in 1907. Prior to reunification, the Wangchuck family had governed the district of Trongsa as descendants of Dungkar Choji. They eventually overpowered other regional lords and earned the favour of the British Empire...

  • Constitution of Bhutan
    Constitution of Bhutan
    The Constitution of Bhutan was enacted July 18, 2008 by the Royal Government. The Constitution was thoroughly planned by several government officers and agencies over a period of almost seven years amid increasing democratic reforms in Bhutan...

  • History of Bhutan
    History of Bhutan
    Bhutan's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure. It may have been inhabited as early as 2000 BC, but not much was known until the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century, when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Bhutan. In the 12th century, the Drukpa...


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