List of vacuum tube computers - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is a list of vacuum tube
Vacuum tube
In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , or thermionic valve , reduced to simply "tube" or "valve" in everyday parlance, is a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum...

computers, arranged by date put into service:

Computer	Date	Notes
Atanasoff–Berry Computer	1942	Not Turing complete
Colossus computer Colossus computer Not to be confused with the fictional computer of the same name in the movie Colossus: The Forbin Project.Colossus was the world's first electronic, digital, programmable computer. Colossus and its successors were used by British codebreakers to help read encrypted German messages during World War II...	1943	Special purpose: cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information that is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves knowing how the system works and finding a secret key...
ENIAC ENIAC ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems....	1946
IBM SSEC	1948
IBM 604 IBM 604 The IBM 604 was a control panel programmable Electronic Calculating Punch introduced in 1948, and was a machine on which considerable expectations for the future of IBM were pinned and in which a corresponding amount of planning talent was invested...	1948
Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine	1948
IBM CPC IBM CPC The IBM Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator or CPC was announced by IBM in May 1949. Later that year an improved machine, the CPC-II was also announced.The original CPC Calculator had the following machines interconnected by cables:...	1949
Manchester Mark 1 Manchester Mark 1 The Manchester Mark 1 was one of the earliest stored-program computers, developed at the Victoria University of Manchester from the Small-Scale Experimental Machine or "Baby" . It was also called the Manchester Automatic Digital Machine, or MADM...	1949
CSIRAC CSIRAC CSIRAC , originally known as CSIR Mk 1, was Australia's first digital computer, and the fourth stored program computer in the world. It was first to play digital music and is one of only a few surviving first-generation computers .The CSIRAC was constructed by a team led by Trevor Pearcey and...	1949
EDSAC	1949
BINAC BINAC BINAC, the Binary Automatic Computer, was an early electronic computer designed for Northrop Aircraft Company by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1949. Eckert and Mauchly, though they had started the design of EDVAC at the University of Pennsylvania, chose to leave and start EMCC, the...	1949
UNIVAC 1101 UNIVAC 1101 The UNIVAC 1101, or ERA 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in the 1950s. It was the first stored program computer in the U.S. that was moved from its site of manufacture and successfully installed at a distant site...	1950
SEAC SEAC (computer) SEAC was a first-generation electronic computer, built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards and was initially called the National Bureau of Standards Interim Computer, because it was a small-scale computer designed to be built quickly and put into operation while the NBS waited for...	1950
SWAC SWAC (computer) The SWAC was an early electronic digital computer built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Los Angeles, California. It was designed by Harry Huskey...	1950
Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer The Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer was a computer built by Northrop Aircraft Corporation in 1950.MADDIDA had 44 integrators implemented using a magnetic drum with six storage tracks. The interconnections of the integrators were specified by writing an appropriate pattern of bits onto...	1950
Harvard Mark III Harvard Mark III The Harvard Mark III, also known as ADEC was an early computer that was partially electronic and partially electromechanical. It was built at Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for the US Navy.The Mark III's word consisted of 16 bits. It used 5,000 vacuum tubes and 1,500...	1950
Pilot ACE Pilot ACE The Pilot ACE was one of the first computers built in the United Kingdom, at the National Physical Laboratory in the early 1950s.It was a preliminary version of the full ACE, which had been designed by Alan Turing. After Turing left NPL , James H...	1950
EDVAC EDVAC EDVAC was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer....	1951
Harwell Dekatron Computer WITCH (computer) The Harwell computer, later known as the Wolverhampton Instrument for Teaching Computing from Harwell , or the Harwell Dekatron Computer, was an early British relay-based computer...	1951
Whirlwind Whirlwind (computer) The Whirlwind computer was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is the first computer that operated in real time, used video displays for output, and the first that was not simply an electronic replacement of older mechanical systems...	1951
UNIVAC I UNIVAC I The UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC...	1951
ORDVAC ORDVAC The ORDVAC or Ordnance Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, an early computer built by the University of Illinois for the Ballistics Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, was based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann, which came to be known as the von Neumann architecture...	1951
LEO I	1951
Remington Rand 409 Remington Rand 409 The Remington Rand 409 control panel programmed punched card calculator, designed in 1949, was sold in two models: the UNIVAC 60 and the UNIVAC 120 . The model number referred to the number of decimal digits of vacuum tube memory storage provided for data.The machine was designed in "The Barn", at...	1952
Harvard Mark IV Harvard Mark IV The Harvard Mark IV was an electronic stored-program computer built by Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for the United States Air Force. The computer was finished being built in 1952. It stayed at Harvard, where the Air Force used it extensively.The Mark IV was all electronic...	1952
IAS machine IAS machine The IAS machine was the first electronic computer built by the Institute for Advanced Study , in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. It is sometimes called the von Neuman machine, since the paper describing its design was edited by John von Neumann, a mathematics professor at both Princeton University...	1952
ILLIAC I ILLIAC I The ILLIAC I , a pioneering computer built in 1952 by the University of Illinois, was the first computer built and owned entirely by a US educational institution, Manchester University UK having built Manchester Mark 1 in 1948.ILLIAC I was based on the Institute for Advanced Study Von Neumann...	1952
MANIAC I MANIAC I The MANIAC was an early computer built under the direction of Nicholas Metropolis at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory...	1952
IBM 701 IBM 701 The IBM 701, known as the Defense Calculator while in development, was announced to the public on April 29, 1952, and was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer...	1952
BESM-1, BESM-2 BESM BESM is the name of a series of Soviet mainframe computers built in 1950-1960s. The name is an acronym for "Bolshaya Elektronno-Schetnaya Mashina" , literally "Large Electronically Computing Machine". The series began as a successor to MESM...	1952
JOHNNIAC JOHNNIAC The JOHNNIAC was an early computer built by RAND that was based on the von Neumann architecture that had been pioneered on the IAS machine. It was named in honor of von Neumann, short for John v. Neumann Numerical Integrator and Automatic Computer...	1953
IBM 702 IBM 702 The IBM 702 was IBM's response to the UNIVAC—the first mainframe computer using magnetic tapes. Because these machines had less computational power than the IBM 701 and ERA 1103, which were favored for scientific computing, the 702 was aimed at business computing.The system used electrostatic...	1953
UNIVAC 1103 UNIVAC 1103 The UNIVAC 1103 or ERA 1103, a successor to the UNIVAC 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in October, 1953...	1953
RAYDAC RAYDAC The RAYDAC was a one-of-a-kind computer built by Raytheon. It was started in 1949 and finished in 1953. It was installed at the Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, California....	1953
Strela computer Strela computer Strela computer was the first mainframe computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union, beginning in 1953.This first-generation computer had 6200 vacuum tubes and 60,000 semiconductor diodes....	1953
IBM 650 IBM 650 The IBM 650 was one of IBM’s early computers, and the world’s first mass-produced computer. It was announced in 1953, and over 2000 systems were produced between the first shipment in 1954 and its final manufacture in 1962...	1954
IBM 704 IBM 704 The IBM 704, the first mass-produced computer with floating point arithmetic hardware, was introduced by IBM in 1954. The 704 was significantly improved over the IBM 701 in terms of architecture as well as implementations which were not compatible with its predecessor.Changes from the 701 included...	1954
IBM 705	1954
BESK BESK BESK was Sweden's first electronic computer, using vacuum tubes instead of relays. It was developed by Matematikmaskinnämnden and during a short time it was the fastest computer in the world. The computer was completed in 1953 and in use until 1966...	1954
IBM NORC IBM NORC The IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator was a one-of-a-kind first-generation electronic computer built by IBM for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. It went into service in December 1954 and was likely the most powerful computer at the time...	1954
UNIVAC 1102 UNIVAC 1102 The UNIVAC 1102 or ERA 1102 was designed by Engineering Research Associates for the United States Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tullahoma, Tennessee in response to a request for proposal issued in 1950...	1954
DYSEAC DYSEAC DYSEAC was the Second Standards Electronic Automatic Computer. DYSEAC was a first-generation computer built by the National Bureau of Standards for the US Army Signal Corps. It was housed in a truck, making it one of the first portable computers . It went into operation in April 1954.DYSEAC used...	1954
CALDIC CALDIC CALDIC was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at the university with a platform for high-speed computing.CALDIC was designed to be...	1955
English Electric DEUCE English Electric DEUCE The DEUCE was one of the earliest British commercially available computers, built by English Electric from 1955.It was the production version of the Pilot ACE, itself a cut down version of Alan Turing's ACE....	1955
ICT 1200 series	1955
IBM 305 RAMAC	1956
Bull Gamma 3	1956
Bendix G-15 Bendix G-15 The Bendix G-15 computer was introduced in 1956 by the Bendix Corporation, Computer Division, Los Angeles, California. It was about 5 by 3 by 3 ft and weighed about 950 lb . The base system, without peripherals, cost $49,500. A working model cost around $60,000. It could also be rented for...	1956
LGP-30 LGP-30 The LGP-30, standing for Librascope General Purpose and then Librascope General Precision, was an early off-the-shelf computer. It was manufactured by the Librascope company of Glendale, California , and sold and serviced by the Royal Precision Electronic Computer Company, a joint venture with the...	1956
UNIVAC 1103A	1956
FUJIC FUJIC FUJIC was the first stored-program computer built in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was essentially built almost entirely by one person – Dr. Okazaki Bunji...	1956
Ferranti Pegasus	1956
SILLIAC SILLIAC The SILLIAC , an early computer built by the University of Sydney, Australia, was based on the ILLIAC and ORDVAC computers developed at the University of Illinois, which in turn were based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann.SILLIAC had its genesis in...	1956
RCA RCA RCA Corporation, founded as the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is currently owned by the French conglomerate Technicolor SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Technicolor... BIZMAC	1956
Zuse Konrad Zuse Konrad Zuse was a German civil engineer and computer pioneer. His greatest achievement was the world's first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, which became operational in May 1941.... Z22	1957
DASK DASK The DASK was the first computer in Denmark. It was commissioned in 1955, designed and constructed by Regnecentralen, and began operation in September 1957. DASK is an acronym for Dansk Algoritmisk Sekvens Kalkulator or Danish Algorithmic Sequence Calculator. Regnecentralen almost didn't allow the...	1957
Stantec Zebra	1957
UNIVAC 1104	1957
Ferranti Mercury Ferranti Mercury The Mercury was an early 1950s commercial computer built by Ferranti. It was the successor to the Ferranti Mark 1, adding a floating point unit for improved performance, and increased reliability by replacing the Williams tube memory with core memory and using more solid state components...	1957
IBM 610 IBM 610 The IBM 610 Auto-Point Computer was the first personal computer, in the sense of a computer to be used by one person and was controlled by a keyboard. The principal designer of this machine was John Lentz, as part of his work for the Watson Lab at Columbia University.The IBM 610 was introduced in...	1957
FACIT EDB 2	1957
MANIAC II MANIAC II The MANIAC II was a first-generation electronic computer, built in 1957 for use at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory....	1957
MISTIC MISTIC The MISTIC, or Michigan State Integral Computer, was the first computer system at Michigan State University and was built by its students, faculty and staff in 1956...	1957
MUSASINO-1 MUSASINO-1 The MUSASINO-1 was the second electronic computer built in Japan. Construction started in Musashino, Tokyo in 1952, and upon completion in July 1957, the computer was used until July 1962...	1957
IBM 709 IBM 709 The IBM 709 was an early computer system introduced by IBM in August, 1958. It was an improved version of the IBM 704 and the second member of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers....	1958
UNIVAC II UNIVAC II The UNIVAC II was an improvement to the UNIVAC I that UNIVAC first delivered in 1958. The improvements included core memory of 2000 to 10000 words, UNISERVO II tape drives which could use either the old UNIVAC I metal tapes or the new PET tapes, and some of the circuits were transistorized...	1958
UNIVAC 1105 UNIVAC 1105 The UNIVAC 1105 was a follow-on computer to the UNIVAC 1103A introduced by Sperry Rand in September, 1958.The UNIVAC 1105 had either 8,192 or 12,288 words of 36 bit magnetic core memory, in two or three banks of 4,096 words each. Magnetic drum memory provided either 16,384 or 32,768 words, in one...	1958
AN/FSQ-7 AN/FSQ-7 The AN/FSQ-7 was a computer model developed and built in the 1950s by IBM in partnership with the US Air Force. Fifty-two were built and used for command and control functions for the Semi Automatic Ground Environment air-defense system...	1958	Largest vacuum tube computer ever built. 52 were built for Project SAGE.
Ural series Ural (computer) Ural is a computer series built in Soviet Union.- History :The Ural was developed at the Electronic Computer Producing Manufacturer of Penza in the Soviet Union and was produced between 1959 and 1964. In total 139 were made...	1959–1964
Ferranti Perseus	1958
France SEA CAB 303	1958
TIFRAC TIFRAC TIFRAC was the first computer developed in India, at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai. Initially a TIFR Pilot Machine was developed in the 1950s. It was started in 1955 and commissioned in November 1956.The full TIFRAC machine was in use in the early 1960s...	1960
CER-10 CER-10 CER model 10 was a vacuum tube , transistor and relays based computer developed at IBK-Vinca and Mihajlo Pupin Institute in 1960 ref.,]. This was the first digital computer ever developed in SFRY....	1960
Philips Pascal	1960
Sumlock ANITA calculator Sumlock ANITA calculator The ANITA Mark VII and ANITA Mark VIII calculators were launched simultaneously in late 1961 as the world's first all-electronic desktop calculators. Designed and built by the Bell Punch Co...	1961	Desktop calculator
UMC-1 UMC (Computer) UMC is a family of computers produced by Elwro from 1962....	1962

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.