Lithoglyphus
Encyclopedia
Lithoglyphus is a genus
of freshwater snail
s with gill
s and an operculum
, a gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae
.
of the family Lithoglyphidae.
This taxon has been established by Karl Theodor Menke
in 1830 as subgenus Lithoglyphus "Zgl. [= Ziegler]" (of Paludina, the only name given to section D) without bibliographical reference, with a short description ([Paludina] ovatae, spira brevi) and with 2 species included Paludina fusca Pfeiffer, 1828 and Paludina naticoides Pfeiffer, 1828. The type species Paludina naticoides was designated by August Nicolaus Herrmannsen in 1846.
Various authors mentioned this taxon in a different way: It has been mentioned without description or indication as Lithoglyp. eburneus "Megerle ab Mühlfeld" by Hartmann in 1821 (it is unavailable because the abbreviation was not unambiguous and because the species was a nomen nudum, genus had no description). Mentioned by Pfeiffer in 1828 as a synonym of Paludina in the combination "Lithoglyphus fuscus, Ziegler" (for Paludina fusca Pfeiffer, 1828 from Slovenia). Fitzinger in 1833 spelled as Lithoglypter naticoides and mentioned Lithoglypus eburneus "Mühlfeld" as a synonym. Krynicki in 1837 spelled Lithoclypus naticoides "Meg." without bibliographic reference. Westerlund in 1885 gave author Mühlenfeldt in Sturm's Fauna 1821, and listed as synonyms Lithoglypter Fitzinger, 1833, Lithoclypus Villa 1844 and Lithoclyptus Schmidt (Sherborn 1922 has "Syst. Verz. Krain. Conch. 1847, 24"). Sherborn in 1922 attributed this name to "Megerle in Hartmann in Sturm, Deutsch. Fauna (VI. Würm.) (5) 1821, 57" and to "Ziegler in Pfeiffer, Naturg. deutsch. land-Moll. (3) 1828, 47". Wenz (1938: p. 577) and Kabat & Hershler (1993: 33) gave as author Hartmann, 1821 (p. 57, "Originally spelled as "Lithoglyp."; emended to Lithoglyphus by Pfeiffer (1828: 47)"). Falkner et al. in 2001 gave Pfeiffer, 1828 as author (without any comment in an uncommented checklist).
Pfeiffer's 1828 name is not available
, it would need a publication from before 1960 (and from before Menke 1830) to have used the name for a genus or subgenus, with a bibliographical reference to Pfeiffer 1828. This is unlikely.
It is convenient to use the name as established by Menke 1830. If Menke's 1830 name is regarded as not having been used as a name in Menke's classification, the next available generic name for Paludina naticoides is Lithoglypter Fitzinger, 1833.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of freshwater snail
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....
s with gill
Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water, afterward excreting carbon dioxide. The gills of some species such as hermit crabs have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist...
s and an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
, a gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae
Lithoglyphidae
Lithoglyphidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha .- Taxonomy :Taylor , Ponder & Warén and Kabat & Hershler considered this taxon as a subfamily...
.
Taxonomy
Lithoglyphus is the type genusType genus
In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...
of the family Lithoglyphidae.
This taxon has been established by Karl Theodor Menke
Karl Theodor Menke
Karl Theodor Menke was a German malacologist and balneologist who was a native of Bremen. He is remembered for his research of snails....
in 1830 as subgenus Lithoglyphus "Zgl. [= Ziegler]" (of Paludina, the only name given to section D) without bibliographical reference, with a short description ([Paludina] ovatae, spira brevi) and with 2 species included Paludina fusca Pfeiffer, 1828 and Paludina naticoides Pfeiffer, 1828. The type species Paludina naticoides was designated by August Nicolaus Herrmannsen in 1846.
Various authors mentioned this taxon in a different way: It has been mentioned without description or indication as Lithoglyp. eburneus "Megerle ab Mühlfeld" by Hartmann in 1821 (it is unavailable because the abbreviation was not unambiguous and because the species was a nomen nudum, genus had no description). Mentioned by Pfeiffer in 1828 as a synonym of Paludina in the combination "Lithoglyphus fuscus, Ziegler" (for Paludina fusca Pfeiffer, 1828 from Slovenia). Fitzinger in 1833 spelled as Lithoglypter naticoides and mentioned Lithoglypus eburneus "Mühlfeld" as a synonym. Krynicki in 1837 spelled Lithoclypus naticoides "Meg." without bibliographic reference. Westerlund in 1885 gave author Mühlenfeldt in Sturm's Fauna 1821, and listed as synonyms Lithoglypter Fitzinger, 1833, Lithoclypus Villa 1844 and Lithoclyptus Schmidt (Sherborn 1922 has "Syst. Verz. Krain. Conch. 1847, 24"). Sherborn in 1922 attributed this name to "Megerle in Hartmann in Sturm, Deutsch. Fauna (VI. Würm.) (5) 1821, 57" and to "Ziegler in Pfeiffer, Naturg. deutsch. land-Moll. (3) 1828, 47". Wenz (1938: p. 577) and Kabat & Hershler (1993: 33) gave as author Hartmann, 1821 (p. 57, "Originally spelled as "Lithoglyp."; emended to Lithoglyphus by Pfeiffer (1828: 47)"). Falkner et al. in 2001 gave Pfeiffer, 1828 as author (without any comment in an uncommented checklist).
Pfeiffer's 1828 name is not available
Available name
In zoology, an available name is a scientific name for a taxon of animals that has been published conforming to all the mandatory provisions of the ICZN Code for the establishment of a zoological name....
, it would need a publication from before 1960 (and from before Menke 1830) to have used the name for a genus or subgenus, with a bibliographical reference to Pfeiffer 1828. This is unlikely.
It is convenient to use the name as established by Menke 1830. If Menke's 1830 name is regarded as not having been used as a name in Menke's classification, the next available generic name for Paludina naticoides is Lithoglypter Fitzinger, 1833.
Species
Species within the genus Lithoglyphus include:- Lithoglyphus apertusLithoglyphus apertusLithoglyphus apertus is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.- Distribution :...
(Küster, 1852) - Lithoglyphus fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
- † Lithoglyphus jahni Urbański, 1975
- Lithoglyphus naticoidesLithoglyphus naticoidesLithoglyphus naticoides, common name the "gravel snail", is a species of small or minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae....
(C. Pfeiffer, 1828) - type species - Lithoglyphus prasinus (Kuster, 1852)
- Lithoglyphus pygmaeus Frauenfeld, 1863
- Lithoglyphus pyramidatusLithoglyphus pyramidatusLithoglyphus pyramidatus is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.- Distribution :The distribution of Lithoglyphus pyramidatus includes:* The Ukraine...
von Möllendorf, 1873