Liu Bao
Encyclopedia
Liu Bao was the son of the Xiongnu
Shanyu
Yufuluo
during the late Han Dynasty
and Three Kingdoms
period of Chinese history
. Liu Bao was the father of Liu Yuan
, founder of the Han Zhao
state during the Sixteen Kingdoms
period.
Liu Bao was the heir to Yufuluo Shanyu. When Yufuluo died, Yufuluo younger brother Huchuquan inherited the Shanyu throne, in accordance with the Lateral Succession order, and made Liu Bao the Worthy King of the Left
, a Crown Prince position. Liu Bao had five Xiongnu tribes under his command.
On twenty first year of Huchuquan Shanyu reign, Cao Cao
detained him and Liu Bao ascended the Shanyu throne (215-260 AD). His brother Qubei
took over the five tribes of the Left Wing as a Crown Prince. Liu Bao's carrier as a Shanyu of the Southern Huns was among the longest Shanyu reigns.
During Li Jue's coup in Chang'an
, Liu Bao seized Cai Wenji
as his concubine and had two children with her. He released her when Cao Cao
paid a ransom for her. When his clan suffered from internal problems, Deng Ai
advised him to relinquish some of his power.
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han Dynasty. Most of the information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources...
Shanyu
Chanyu
Chanyu , was the title used by the nomadic supreme rulers of Middle and Central Asia for 8 centuries, starting...
Yufuluo
Yufuluo
Yufuluo was a puppet Chanyu of the southern Xiongnu during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. In 188, he was appointed to the Chanyu position by the Chinese imperial court following a slaying of his father Qiangqu, also a Han puppet from ineligible succession line, and would later...
during the late Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
and Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the...
period of Chinese history
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
. Liu Bao was the father of Liu Yuan
Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)
Liu Yuan , courtesy name Yuanhai , formally Emperor Guangwen of Han was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao.-Family background:...
, founder of the Han Zhao
Han Zhao
The Han Zhao , or Former Zhao, or Northern Han , was a Southern Xiongnu state during Sixteen Kingdoms period coeval with the Chinese Jin Dynasty...
state during the Sixteen Kingdoms
Sixteen Kingdoms
The Sixteen Kingdoms, or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas from 304 to 439 AD after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties...
period.
Liu Bao was the heir to Yufuluo Shanyu. When Yufuluo died, Yufuluo younger brother Huchuquan inherited the Shanyu throne, in accordance with the Lateral Succession order, and made Liu Bao the Worthy King of the Left
Worthy Prince
Tuqi was a high office in the Xiongnu confederation, a title also known to the Chinese as "worthy/wise prince/king". In the 6-8th centuries AD the Chinese annalists used the expression 贤王 Xian wang only in references to the Eastern Türks ....
, a Crown Prince position. Liu Bao had five Xiongnu tribes under his command.
On twenty first year of Huchuquan Shanyu reign, Cao Cao
Cao Cao
Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
detained him and Liu Bao ascended the Shanyu throne (215-260 AD). His brother Qubei
Liu Qubei
Liu Qubei , was a Tiefu Hun chieftain from 260 to 272. Right Prince of the Southern Xiongnu. . 南匈奴之右賢王（魏書作左賢王）...
took over the five tribes of the Left Wing as a Crown Prince. Liu Bao's carrier as a Shanyu of the Southern Huns was among the longest Shanyu reigns.
During Li Jue's coup in Chang'an
Chang'an
Chang'an is an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an literally means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese. During the short-lived Xin Dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" ; yet after its fall in AD 23, the old name was restored...
, Liu Bao seized Cai Wenji
Cai Wenji
Cai Wenji , also known as Cai Yan, was a Han Dynasty poet and composer. She was the daughter of Cai Yong, also a musician. Her style name was originally Zhaoji, but it was changed to Wenji during the Jin Dynasty to avoid a naming conflict with Sima Zhao.She spent part of her life as a prisoner of...
as his concubine and had two children with her. He released her when Cao Cao
Cao Cao
Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
paid a ransom for her. When his clan suffered from internal problems, Deng Ai
Deng Ai
Deng Ai was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. It was said that whenever he saw a hill or wide valley, he would immediately size up the best places to store grain and position troops. His talent was recognized by Sima Yi, who recommended him to take up...
advised him to relinquish some of his power.