Lloyd Center
Encyclopedia
Lloyd Center is a shopping mall
in the Lloyd District
of Portland, Oregon
, United States
, just northeast of downtown
. It is owned by Glimcher Realty Trust
and anchored by Macy's
, Nordstrom
, Sears, Marshalls
and Ross. The mall features three floors of shopping with the third level serving mostly as professional office spaces, a food court, U.S. Education Corporation
's Apollo College
, and an indoor Regal Cinemas
multiplex. Another Regal Cinemas multiplex is located across the street. The mall includes the Lloyd Center Ice Rink where Olympian
Tonya Harding
first learned to skate.
, the Great Depression
, and Portland's conservative anti-development attitude.
The mall opened August 1, 1960 in a 100-store, open-air configuration. At the time it was the largest shopping center in the Pacific Northwest
and claimed to be the largest in the country and in the world. Actually, the Lakewood Center
in Lakewood
, California
, and the Roosevelt Field Mall
in Garden City
, New York
, were already bigger at that point in time. It is still considered by some to be the biggest in the state. It was located very close to the downtown retail core and was the first major retail development to seriously challenge it, aimed almost exclusively at commuters utilizing Portland's then-growing freeway system, especially the adjacent Banfield Expressway.
The original anchor stores were Meier & Frank
at the center, Lipman & Wolfe anchoring the west end, and J. C. Penney
and Woolworth
anchoring the east. Nordstrom
initially opened as a disconnected store in 1963, before expanding into a full apparel store incrementally in the mall's west wing. Frederick & Nelson
acquired and renamed Lipman's in 1979, only to close in 1986. Nordstrom reopened the former Lipman's space in 1987 as an expansion of its existing store, before building an entirely new store that opened in August 1990 extending the west wing. The former Nordstrom spaces were gutted and refitted as an extension of the mall, soon followed by renovation in 1991 which fully enclosed the mall and added a food court. JC Penney closed in 1999 and was replaced by Sears, while in 2006, Meier & Frank became Macy's.
The mall is well-connected to TriMet
, the regional transit system. Buses stop outside and MAX light rail stops one block away at the Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue
station. Crime in and around the park and light rail station are of concern to the mall management. (As these stops are in the Free Rail Zone and mall parking is free, the lots are often used illegally by commuters and visitors going towards Downtown Portland.)
Because of Lloyd Center's size and importance, it has played a significant role in the history of freedom of speech in the United States
, especially with regard to the scope of free speech within private shopping centers. Lloyd Center was the defendant in the landmark cases of Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
, , a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court involving First Amendment
rights and private property, and Lloyd Corp. v. Whiffen, 307 Or. 674, 773 P.2d 1293 (1989), a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court
.
Shopping mall
A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area — a modern, indoor version...
in the Lloyd District
Lloyd District, Portland, Oregon
The Lloyd District is a primarily commercial neighborhood in the North and Northeast sections of Portland, Oregon. It is named after Ralph Lloyd , a California rancher, oilman, and real estate developer who moved to and started the development of the area.The Lloyd District is bounded by the...
of Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the Pacific Northwest, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, just northeast of downtown
Downtown Portland
Downtown Portland, the city center of Portland, Oregon, United States, is located on the west bank of the Willamette River. It is in the northeastern corner of the southwest section of the city and is where most of the city's high-rise buildings are found....
. It is owned by Glimcher Realty Trust
Glimcher Realty Trust
Glimcher Realty Trust is a Columbus, Ohio based real estate investment trust. The company specializes in the development and management of regional malls and shopping centers. As of 2009, the company's properties consisted of 23 malls , and three community centers...
and anchored by Macy's
Macy's
Macy's is a U.S. chain of mid-to-high range department stores. In addition to its flagship Herald Square location in New York City, the company operates over 800 stores in the United States...
, Nordstrom
Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. is an upscale department store chain in the United States, founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin. Initially a shoe retailer, the company today also sells clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, fragrances, and in some locations, home furnishings...
, Sears, Marshalls
Marshalls
Marshalls, Inc., is a chain of American department stores owned by TJX Companies. Marshalls has over 750 conventional stores, as well as larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store, covering 42 states and Puerto Rico. Marshalls expanded into Canada in March 2011...
and Ross. The mall features three floors of shopping with the third level serving mostly as professional office spaces, a food court, U.S. Education Corporation
U.S. Education Corporation
Carrington Colleges Group, Inc., formerly the U.S. Education Corporation, is a company based in Mission Viejo, California that acquires and develops for-profit private colleges and schools in the United States. Subsidiaries include Carrington College and Carrington College California...
's Apollo College
Apollo College
Carrington College, formerly known as Apollo College, is a privately held, for-profit institution of higher education. Carrington College, along with co-operating division Carrington College California, is owned and operated by Carrington Colleges Group, Inc. a subsidiary of DeVry Inc. Carrington...
, and an indoor Regal Cinemas
Regal Entertainment Group
Regal Entertainment Group also known as REG is a movie theater chain headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee. Regal operates the largest and most geographically diverse theater circuit in the United States, consisting of 6,775 screens in 548 locations in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of...
multiplex. Another Regal Cinemas multiplex is located across the street. The mall includes the Lloyd Center Ice Rink where Olympian
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...
Tonya Harding
Tonya Harding
Tonya Maxine Harding is an American figure skating champion. In 1991 she won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships and placed second in the World Championships. She was the second woman, and the first American woman, to complete a triple axel jump in competition...
first learned to skate.
History
Ideas for Lloyd Center were conceived as early as 1923. The mall was named after southern Californian oil company executive Ralph B. Lloyd (1875–1953) who wished to build an area of self-sufficiency that included stores and residential locations. However, the mall wasn't built until 37 years later, due to major events such as World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
, and Portland's conservative anti-development attitude.
The mall opened August 1, 1960 in a 100-store, open-air configuration. At the time it was the largest shopping center in the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
and claimed to be the largest in the country and in the world. Actually, the Lakewood Center
Lakewood Center
Lakewood Center is a super-regional shopping mall in Lakewood, California. It is anchored by JCPenney, Macy's , Forever 21, and Target. Macy's formerly operated a . store in the mall, but closed due to the Federated-May merger. At , the Lakewood Center is ranked among the largest retail shopping...
in Lakewood
Lakewood, California
Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census. It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south, Bellflower on the north, Cerritos on the northeast, Cypress on the east, and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast. Major thoroughfares...
, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, and the Roosevelt Field Mall
Roosevelt Field Mall
Roosevelt Field is an American shopping mall. It is the largest high-end shopping mall in the state of New York and eighth in the country as measured by gross leaseable area at 2,189,941 ft² . The mall is located in East Garden City, New York part of the Town of Hempstead on Long Island...
in Garden City
Garden City, New York
Garden City is a village in the town of Hempstead in central Nassau County, New York, in the United States. It was founded by multi-millionaire Alexander Turney Stewart in 1869, and is located on Long Island, to the east of New York City, from mid-town Manhattan, and just south of the town of...
, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, were already bigger at that point in time. It is still considered by some to be the biggest in the state. It was located very close to the downtown retail core and was the first major retail development to seriously challenge it, aimed almost exclusively at commuters utilizing Portland's then-growing freeway system, especially the adjacent Banfield Expressway.
The original anchor stores were Meier & Frank
Meier & Frank
Meier & Frank was a chain of department stores founded in Portland, Oregon, and later bought out by the May Department Stores Company. Meier & Frank operated in the Pacific Northwest from 1857 to 2006.-History:Summary...
at the center, Lipman & Wolfe anchoring the west end, and J. C. Penney
J. C. Penney
-External links:*...
and Woolworth
F. W. Woolworth Company
The F. W. Woolworth Company was a retail company that was one of the original American five-and-dime stores. The first successful Woolworth store was opened on July 18, 1879 by Frank Winfield Woolworth in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as "Woolworth's Great Five Cent Store"...
anchoring the east. Nordstrom
Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. is an upscale department store chain in the United States, founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin. Initially a shoe retailer, the company today also sells clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, fragrances, and in some locations, home furnishings...
initially opened as a disconnected store in 1963, before expanding into a full apparel store incrementally in the mall's west wing. Frederick & Nelson
Frederick & Nelson
Frederick & Nelson was a department store chain in the northwestern United States, based in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1891 as a furniture store, it later expanded to sell other types of merchandise. The company was acquired by Marshall Field & Company in 1929...
acquired and renamed Lipman's in 1979, only to close in 1986. Nordstrom reopened the former Lipman's space in 1987 as an expansion of its existing store, before building an entirely new store that opened in August 1990 extending the west wing. The former Nordstrom spaces were gutted and refitted as an extension of the mall, soon followed by renovation in 1991 which fully enclosed the mall and added a food court. JC Penney closed in 1999 and was replaced by Sears, while in 2006, Meier & Frank became Macy's.
The mall is well-connected to TriMet
TriMet
TriMet, more formally known as the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon, is a public agency that operates mass transit in a region that spans most of the Portland metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Oregon...
, the regional transit system. Buses stop outside and MAX light rail stops one block away at the Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue
Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue (MAX station)
The Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue station is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 11th stop eastbound on the Eastside MAX...
station. Crime in and around the park and light rail station are of concern to the mall management. (As these stops are in the Free Rail Zone and mall parking is free, the lots are often used illegally by commuters and visitors going towards Downtown Portland.)
Because of Lloyd Center's size and importance, it has played a significant role in the history of freedom of speech in the United States
Freedom of speech in the United States
Freedom of speech in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and by many state constitutions and state and federal laws, with the exception of obscenity, defamation, incitement to riot, and fighting words, as well as harassment, privileged...
, especially with regard to the scope of free speech within private shopping centers. Lloyd Center was the defendant in the landmark cases of Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
In the Supreme Court Case: Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, which took place on April 18th, 1972, Donald Tanner, Betsy Wheeler and Susan Roberts brought forth an altercation from 42 United States Code 1983 and 28 United States Code 2201 for a judgment declaring that they have the right as an American...
, , a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court involving First Amendment
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering...
rights and private property, and Lloyd Corp. v. Whiffen, 307 Or. 674, 773 P.2d 1293 (1989), a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court
Oregon Supreme Court
The Oregon Supreme Court is the highest state court in the U.S. state of Oregon. The only court that may reverse or modify a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court is the Supreme Court of the United States. The OSC holds court at the Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem, Oregon, near the capitol...
.
Inside
- Macy'sMacy'sMacy's is a U.S. chain of mid-to-high range department stores. In addition to its flagship Herald Square location in New York City, the company operates over 800 stores in the United States...
, opened 1960 as Meier & FrankMeier & FrankMeier & Frank was a chain of department stores founded in Portland, Oregon, and later bought out by the May Department Stores Company. Meier & Frank operated in the Pacific Northwest from 1857 to 2006.-History:Summary...
, renamed 2006 - MarshallsMarshallsMarshalls, Inc., is a chain of American department stores owned by TJX Companies. Marshalls has over 750 conventional stores, as well as larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store, covering 42 states and Puerto Rico. Marshalls expanded into Canada in March 2011...
, opened 1999 - Sears, opened 1999
- NordstromNordstromNordstrom, Inc. is an upscale department store chain in the United States, founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin. Initially a shoe retailer, the company today also sells clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, fragrances, and in some locations, home furnishings...
, opened 1960 (or 1986), gutted and became mall space and replacement store built 1990 - Ross Dress For LessRoss Dress For LessRoss Stores, Inc. , is a chain of American off-price department stores headquartered in Pleasanton, California, operating under the name Ross Dress for Less. It is the third largest off-price retailer in the United States, behind T.J. Maxx and Marshalls, both of which are owned by TJX Companies.As...
- Barnes and Noble
- Lloyd Mall 8 Cinema, a Regal CinemasRegal Entertainment GroupRegal Entertainment Group also known as REG is a movie theater chain headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee. Regal operates the largest and most geographically diverse theater circuit in the United States, consisting of 6,775 screens in 548 locations in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of...
theater - Lloyd Center Ice Rink, opened 1960
- Old NavyOld NavyOld Navy is an American clothing brand as well as a chain of stores owned by Gap, Inc., with corporate operations in San Francisco and San Bruno, California. It is one of the first major corporations to house headquarters in the new Mission Bay district of San Francisco.Gap, Inc. was run by...
, opened sometine between 2000-2005 replaced several inline stores on the first floor of the east(Sears) side of the mall - Forever 21Forever 21Forever 21 is an American chain of clothing retailers with branches in major cities in The United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East that offers fashion and accessories for young women and men....
, opened along with 2 later expansions sometime between 2000-2007 - DEBDeb ShopsDeb Shops is a specialty retail chain store in the United States that sells women's clothing and accessories under its own private labels as well other well-known labels. The company is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and principally serves women in their early-teens through their late-twenties...
- Joe Brown's Caramel Corn, opened in 1960
- Billy Heartbeat's
Outparcels
- SafewaySafeway Inc.Safeway Inc. , a Fortune 500 company, is North America's second largest supermarket chain after The Kroger Co., with, as of December 2010, 1,694 stores located throughout the western and central United States and western Canada. It also operates some stores in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern...
- Dollar TreeDollar TreeDollar Tree, Inc. is an American chain of discount variety stores that sells every item for $1.00 or less. A Fortune 500 company, Dollar Tree is headquartered in Chesapeake, Virginia and operates 4,010 stores throughout the 48 contiguous U.S. states. Its stores are supported by a nationwide...
, originally J.J. NewberryJ.J. NewberryJ.J. Newberry's was an American five and dime store chain in the 20th century. It was founded in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, United States, in 1911 by John Josiah Newberry . J.J. Newberry had learned the variety store business by working at S.H...
(1960-1997) - Pier 1 ImportsPier 1 ImportsPier 1 Imports Inc. is a Fort Worth, Texas based retailer specializing in imported home furnishings and decor, particularly furniture, table-top items, decorative accessories and seasonal decor. The chain operates over 1,000 stores under the name Pier 1 Imports in the United States, Canada, Mexico...
- Bank of AmericaBank of AmericaBank of America Corporation, an American multinational banking and financial services corporation, is the second largest bank holding company in the United States by assets, and the fourth largest bank in the U.S. by market capitalization. The bank is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina...
- Wells Fargo Bank
- Newport Seafood Grill
- Rose's Restaurant
- Stanfords
- Applebee'sApplebee'sApplebee’s International, Inc., is an American company which develops, franchises, and operates the Applebee's Neighborhood Grill and Bar restaurant chain. As of September 2011, there were 2,010 restaurants operating system-wide in the United States, one U.S. territory and 14 other countries...
- Red RobinRed RobinRed Robin Gourmet Burgers is a chain of casual dining restaurants founded in 1969 in Seattle, Washington, and now headquartered in Greenwood Village, Colorado.-History:...
- Lloyd Center 10 Cinema, a Regal CinemasRegal Entertainment GroupRegal Entertainment Group also known as REG is a movie theater chain headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee. Regal operates the largest and most geographically diverse theater circuit in the United States, consisting of 6,775 screens in 548 locations in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of...
theater
Former anchors
- J.C. PenneyJ.C. PenneyJ. C. Penney Company, Inc. is a chain of American mid-range department stores based in Plano, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas. The company operates 1,107 department stores in all 50 U.S. states and Puerto Rico. JCPenney also operates catalog sales merchant offices nationwide in many...
(1960-1999) and replaced by Sears - LamontsLamontsLamonts was a chain of department stores founded in Seattle, Washington. The chain was started in 1970 when Pay 'n Save renamed its suburban branches of Rhodes, a department store chain the company acquired in 1965. Lamonts remained a division of Pay 'n Save until 1985...
(1988-1996), replaced by Ross and Barnes & Noble - Toys "R" Us (?-2004), replaced by an addition of Apollo College
- Frederick & NelsonFrederick & NelsonFrederick & Nelson was a department store chain in the northwestern United States, based in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1891 as a furniture store, it later expanded to sell other types of merchandise. The company was acquired by Marshall Field & Company in 1929...
, (1979-?), replaced by Lipman's - Lipman's (1960-1979, 1979-1986), replaced by Frederick & Nelson and then turned back the same year, replaced by second Nordstrom
- Woolworth (1960-1997), replaced by Marshalls
- The CrescentThe CrescentThe Crescent was a small chain of department store founded and based in Spokane, Washington. Once a subsidiary of Marshall Field & Company, the chain was sold to BATUS Retail Group in 1982. BATUS renamed the stores Frederick & Nelson, the company's Seattle, Washington division, in 1988. Frederick...
(?-?), replaced by Lamonts - Tom Moyer Luxury Theatres (19??-1989), former owner of Lloyd Mall 8 Cinema, purchased by Act III Theatres
- Act III Theatres (1989-1998), previous owner of Lloyd Mall 8 Cinema, purchased by Regal CinemasRegal Entertainment GroupRegal Entertainment Group also known as REG is a movie theater chain headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee. Regal operates the largest and most geographically diverse theater circuit in the United States, consisting of 6,775 screens in 548 locations in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of...
- Tradewell, a defunct Seattle-based grocery store chain (location later became Holiday Market Place and is now home to Bank of America, Newport Seafood Grill, and Rose's Restaurant)
External links
- Lloyd Center Official Site
- Lloyd Center Ice Rink Ice rink website