LoadRunner
Encyclopedia
HP LoadRunner software is an automated performance and testing product from Hewlett-Packard
for examining system behaviour and performance, while generating actual load. HP acquired LoadRunner as part of its acquisition of Mercury Interactive
in November 2006. HP LoadRunner can emulate hundreds or thousands of concurrent users to put the application through the rigors of real-life user loads, while collecting information from key infrastructure components (Web servers, database servers etc.) The results can then be analyzed in detail, to explore the reasons for particular behavior. HP LoadRunner is sold as part of the HP IT Management Software
category by the HP Software Division.
Consider the client-side application for an automated teller machine
(ATM). Although each client is connected to a server, hundreds of ATMs may be open to the public. During peak times — such as 10 a.m. Monday, the start of the work week — the load may be much higher than normal. In order to test such situations, it is not practical to have a testbed
of hundreds of ATMs. So, one can use an ATM simulator and a computer system with HP LoadRunner to simulate a large number of users accessing the server simultaneously. Once activities are defined, they are repeatable. After debugging a problem in the application, managers can check whether the problem persists by reproducing the same situation, with the same type of user interaction.
HP LoadRunner consists of several different tools: Virtual User Generator (VuGen), Controller, Load Generator, Analysis and the AJAX TruClient (new with V.11.0).
HP LoadRunner supports more than 51 protocols including Web HTTP/HTTPS, Remote Terminal Emulator, Oracle and Web Services. A protocol acts as a communication medium between a client and a server. For example an AS400 or mainframe-based application can use a terminal emulator to talk to a server, and an on-line banking application can use HTTP/HTTPS with some Java and Web services. LoadRunner can record scripts in both single and multi-protocol modes.
During recording, VuGen records a tester's actions by routing data through a proxy
. The type of proxy depends upon the protocol being used and affects the resulting script. For some protocols, various recording modes are available to further refine the resulting script. When recording web activity, HP LoadRunner allows a user to choose one of three types of recording modes: GUI based, URL based and HTML based.
Parameterization is often used:
When the application needs
If the dynamic content is a part of a previous server response, LoadRunner can correlate that value with future instances in which it must be sent back to the server. HP LoadRunner saves the changing values into parameters, which are used during emulation.
or Microsoft Word
format.
solutions offered by HP Software Division.
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...
for examining system behaviour and performance, while generating actual load. HP acquired LoadRunner as part of its acquisition of Mercury Interactive
Mercury Interactive
Mercury is now part of Hewlett-Packard. The combination of Mercury Interactive and HP OpenView formed HP Software Division, a global business unit within HP Enterprise Business...
in November 2006. HP LoadRunner can emulate hundreds or thousands of concurrent users to put the application through the rigors of real-life user loads, while collecting information from key infrastructure components (Web servers, database servers etc.) The results can then be analyzed in detail, to explore the reasons for particular behavior. HP LoadRunner is sold as part of the HP IT Management Software
HP IT Management Software
HP IT Management Software is a family of Enterprise software products sold by the HP Software Division of information technology company Hewlett-Packard...
category by the HP Software Division.
Consider the client-side application for an automated teller machine
Automated teller machine
An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine, also known as a Cashpoint , cash machine or sometimes a hole in the wall in British English, is a computerised telecommunications device that provides the clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public...
(ATM). Although each client is connected to a server, hundreds of ATMs may be open to the public. During peak times — such as 10 a.m. Monday, the start of the work week — the load may be much higher than normal. In order to test such situations, it is not practical to have a testbed
Testbed
A testbed is a platform for experimentation of large development projects. Testbeds allow for rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computational tools, and new technologies.The term is used across many disciplines to describe a development environment that is...
of hundreds of ATMs. So, one can use an ATM simulator and a computer system with HP LoadRunner to simulate a large number of users accessing the server simultaneously. Once activities are defined, they are repeatable. After debugging a problem in the application, managers can check whether the problem persists by reproducing the same situation, with the same type of user interaction.
HP LoadRunner consists of several different tools: Virtual User Generator (VuGen), Controller, Load Generator, Analysis and the AJAX TruClient (new with V.11.0).
Virtual User Generator
The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) ) is used to emulate the steps of real human users. VuGen can also run scripts for debugging. VuGen lets the user record and/or script a test to be performed against an application under test, and play back and make modifications to the script as needed, such as defining Parameterization (selecting data for keyword-driven testing).HP LoadRunner supports more than 51 protocols including Web HTTP/HTTPS, Remote Terminal Emulator, Oracle and Web Services. A protocol acts as a communication medium between a client and a server. For example an AS400 or mainframe-based application can use a terminal emulator to talk to a server, and an on-line banking application can use HTTP/HTTPS with some Java and Web services. LoadRunner can record scripts in both single and multi-protocol modes.
During recording, VuGen records a tester's actions by routing data through a proxy
Proxy server
In computer networks, a proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource available from a different server...
. The type of proxy depends upon the protocol being used and affects the resulting script. For some protocols, various recording modes are available to further refine the resulting script. When recording web activity, HP LoadRunner allows a user to choose one of three types of recording modes: GUI based, URL based and HTML based.
Parameterization
HP LoadRunner allows users editing a script with VuGen to replace recorded values in a script with parameters. This is called parameterization.Parameterization is often used:
When the application needs
- Unique data (such as user name)
- Data dependency (such as passwords)
- Data cache
- Date constraints
Correlation
HP LoadRunner uses Correlation to handle dynamic content. Dynamic content refers to page components that are dynamically created during the execution of a business process, and the value may differ from the value generated in a previous run. Examples of dynamic content include the ticket number in an on-line reservation system, a transaction ID in an on-line banking application and most importantly the unique session ID that is created each time a user logs in. Such dynamic values must be correlated in order to run the recorded script. The script while running will return an error if such a dynamic value has not been correlated, since the value changes each time the user logs in.If the dynamic content is a part of a previous server response, LoadRunner can correlate that value with future instances in which it must be sent back to the server. HP LoadRunner saves the changing values into parameters, which are used during emulation.
Controller
Once a script is prepared in VuGen, it runs using the LoadRunner Controller. The Controller manages and maintains the scenarios that are run. During a scenario run, the Controller allows monitoring of network and server resources. The Controller assigns virtual users and load generators to specific scenarios.Load Generator
Multiple machines can be set up to act as load generators in concert. For example, to run a test of 1000 users, three or more machines can be set up with an HP LoadRunner agent installed on them. These machines are known as load generators because the actual load is generated from them. Each run is configured with a scenario that describes which scripts will run, when they will run, how many virtual users will run, and which load generators will be used for each script. The tester connects each script in the scenario to the name of a machine that is going to act as a load generator and sets the number of virtual users to be run from that load generator. HP LoadRunner can control multiple load generators and collect results, and it can control load generators located at remote networks (through a firewall) if required.Analysis
The Analysis tool takes the result from the completed scenario and prepares graphs and reports that are used to correlate system information and identify bottlenecks and performance issues. All the graphs that contain data that may affect response time, for example, can be merged for a better understanding of the performance and to pinpoint performance problems. Once all the graphs are adjusted, an HP Load Runner report can be prepared, including related graphs, in HTMLHTML
HyperText Markup Language is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages....
or Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processor designed by Microsoft. It was first released in 1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS , the Apple Macintosh , the AT&T Unix PC , Atari ST , SCO UNIX,...
format.
HP LoadRunner in the Cloud
In May 2010, HP announced that an on-demand version of the application performance testing software would be available via Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. HP LoadRunner in the Cloud is first being offered as beta software in the U.S. and is available with pay-as-you-go pricing. The software is intended for performance testing for businesses of any size. HP LoadRunner in the Cloud is part of a portfolio of cloud computingCloud computing
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network ....
solutions offered by HP Software Division.
Product Versions
LoadRunner Version History Control:- Version 11.0 Patch 3 (06/20/2011, IE9 support, added two Mobile protocols, added support for GraniteDS)
- Version 11.0 Patch 2 (02/22/2011, support for Visual Studio 2010 and Protocol Updates to Ajax TruClient, Citrix, Flex, Web)
- Version 11.0 Patch 1 (01/06/2011)
- Version 11.0 available September 2010
- Version 9.52 patch to 9.51 (06/14/2010, a clean installation of 9.50 must first be upgraded to 9.51, and then to 9.52)
- Version 9.51 patch to 9.50 (file KM750376 file LR_03009.zip, dated July 6, 2009, is a 201 MB zip. enables better AJAX recognition and specification of DOM element properties. This runs GACSetup.exe and Magentconfig.exe, which require Vista users to allow)
- Version 9.50 available June 2009
- Version 9.10 installer, available Feb. 2008, is 2.31 GB after expansion. However, the folder created after an English language install is 931MB.
- Version 8.1 Feature Pack 4 patch installer LR81FP4P136.exe at 7,786,800 bytes, was signed on January 2, 2007 as file 8.1.4.0 (Build: 1735) is Recorder Version: 1290.
- Version 8.1 Feature Pack 4 installer LR81FP4.exe, at 194,644,720 bytes, was signed on December 15, 2006 as file version 8.1.4.0 (Build: 2249) is Recorder Version: 1289. This requires an upgrade to MS.NET 2.0 clients.
- Version 8.1 Feature Pack 3 installer LR81FP3.exe, at 116,601,240 bytes, was signed on June 18, 2006 as file version 8.1.3.0 (Build 2085). It installs (as an item in Start > Program Files) Microsoft WSE (Web Services Enhancements) 2.0 SP3 to deploy security policies for systems running .NET Framework 1.1.
- Version 8.1 became available October 2005. In VuGen it adds a "Workflow View", "Workflow Wizard", and a memory leak which is fixed with a patch downloadable since Dec. 2005. It renames the VuGen "Execution Log" the "Replay Log".
- Version 8.0 became available August 2004. It adds "Additional Attributes" to Runtime Settings. It also adds (for additional fee) diagnostics and tuning capabilities, allowing Transaction Breakdown to break down transaction times across different servers servicing various transaction layers (web server, Oracle 11i & Peoplesoft 8 app server, database) layers. It separates SQL time in execute, parse, and fetch times.
- Version 7.8 Feature Pack 1 added support for Windows XP.
- Version 7.8 became available September 2003.
- Version 6.5 available June 2000 offered new "TurboLoad" technology — a completely new replay engine that runs thousands of VUsers on a single load generator. Every VUser utilised a single operating system thread, while 50 VUsers ran in a single process by default.
- Version 6.0 used a separate process per user, which required almost 10 times more i/o and CPU cycles than 6.5.