Local gigantism

Gigantism

Gigantism, also known as giantism , is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average...

or localised gigantism is a condition in which a certain part of the body acquires larger than normal size due to excessive growth of the anatomical structures or abnormal accumulation of substances. It is more common in finger

Finger

A finger is a limb of the human body and a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates....

s and toe

Toe

Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of...

s, where it is termed macrodactyly. However, sometimes an entire limb may be enlarged.
Local gigantism may be caused by a heterogeneous group of both congenital

Congenital disorder

A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life , regardless of causation...

 and acquired conditions.
Congenital causes include:

• Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome
• Maffucci syndrome
• macrodystrophia lipomatosa
• neurofibromatosis
  Neurofibromatosis
  Neurofibromatosis is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors that may be benign or may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues...
  
  ,
• lipoatrophic diabetes
  Lipoatrophic diabetes
  Lipoatrophic diabetes is a type of diabetes mellitus presenting with severe lipodystrophy in addition to the traditional signs of diabetes....
  
  .
• Proteus syndrome
  Proteus syndrome
  Proteus syndrome, also known as Wiedemann's syndrome , is a congenital disorder that causes skin overgrowth and atypical bone development, often accompanied by tumors over half the body....
  
  , which by one theory accounts for the deformities of the Elephant Man
  Joseph Merrick
  Joseph Carey Merrick , sometimes incorrectly referred to as John Merrick, was an English man with severe deformities who was exhibited as a human curiosity named the Elephant Man. He became well known in London society after he went to live at the London Hospital...
  
  

There are a number of acquired causes of local gigantism.