In the history of logic

History of logic

The history of logic is the study of the development of the science of valid inference . Formal logic was developed in ancient times in China, India, and Greece...

, the term logica nova (Latin, meaning new logic) refers to a subdivision of the logical tradition of Western Europe

Western Europe

Western Europe is a loose term for the collection of countries in the western most region of the European continents, though this definition is context-dependent and carries cultural and political connotations. One definition describes Western Europe as a geographic entity—the region lying in the...

, as it existed around the middle of the thirteenth century. According to the availability at the time of the logical works of Aristotle

Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology...

 (written in Greek

Greek language

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...

) in Latin translation, there was a logica vetus (old logic) and the logica nova.

The division of works was as follows:

• Logica vetus (sometimes ars vetus)
  • The Categories
    Categories (Aristotle)
    The Categories is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of thing that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition...
    
    
  • The De Interpretatione
  • The Isagoge
    Isagoge
    The Isagoge or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into Latin by Boethius, was the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death. It was composed by Porphyry in Sicily during the years 268-270, and sent to Chrysaorium,...
    
    of Porphyry
    Porphyry (philosopher)
    Porphyry of Tyre , Porphyrios, AD 234–c. 305) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre. He edited and published the Enneads, the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus. He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics...
    
    
  • The Liber sex principiorum, an anonymous commentary on the latter part of the Categories that has often been attributed to Gilbert de la Porrée
    Gilbert de la Porrée
    Gilbert de la Porrée , also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian.-Life:...
    
    
  • Sometimes included are works of Boethius De topicis differentiis, De divisione, De syllogismis categoricis and De syllogismis hypotheticis.

The seven works, excluding the Liber sex principiorum, were already canonical in the time of Abelard. He wrote his so-called Logica Ingredientibus on the scheme of a set of seven commentaries.

• Logica nova
  • Prior Analytics
    Prior Analytics
    The Prior Analytics is Aristotle's work on deductive reasoning, specifically the syllogism. It is also part of his Organon, which is the instrument or manual of logical and scientific methods....
    
    
  • Posterior Analytics
    Posterior Analytics
    The Posterior Analytics is a text from Aristotle's Organon that deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge. The demonstration is distinguished as a syllogism productive of scientific knowledge, while the definition marked as the statement of a thing's nature, .....
    
    
  • Topics
    Topics (Aristotle)
    The Topics is the name given to one of Aristotle's six works on logic collectively known as the Organon. The other five are:*Categories*De Interpretatione*Prior Analytics*Posterior Analytics*On Sophistical Refutations...
    
    
  • Sophismata.

The advent of the logica nova was the result of new Latin translations, particularly by James of Venice

James of Venice

James of Venice was a significant translator of Aristotle of the twelfth century. He has been called the first systematic translator of Aristotle since Boethius. Not much is otherwise known about him....

. The combination of the two logics was termed the logica antiquorum (logic of the ancients). Restricting just to the works of Aristotle, the whole Organon

Organon

The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, to the standard collection of his six works on logic:* Categories* On Interpretation* Prior Analytics* Posterior Analytics...

of six works was split by the historical accidents of transmission into two books in the logica vetus, and four in the logica nova.

Another usage for logica nova is for the later theories of Ramón Lull. The logica parva refers to an important textbook of Paul of Venice

Paul of Venice

Paul of Venice was a Roman Catholic Scholastic philosopher, theologian, and logician of the Hermits of the Order of Saint Augustine.-Life:...

.

The terminology had some currency at least until the seventeenth century, and Johannes Clauberg

Johannes Clauberg

Johannes Clauberg was a German theologian and philosopher. Clauberg was the founding Rector of the first University of Duisburg, where he taught from 1655 to 1665...

's Logica vetus et nova.