Loma Linda, California
Encyclopedia
Loma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County
, California
, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census. The central area of the city was originally known as Mound City and its eastern half was known as Bryn Mawr.
and is part of the Inland Empire
. It is bordered on the north by San Bernardino
, on the east by Redlands
, on the west by Colton
, and on the south by Riverside County
. A small area of unincorporated territory separates Loma Linda from the city of Moreno Valley
to the south.
The remnants of Bryn Mawr
were annexed by the City in 2006.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19.4 km²), 99.99% of it land.
was 3,094.3 people per square mile (1,194.7/km²). The racial makeup of Loma Linda was 11,122 (47.8%) White, 2,032 (8.7%) African American, 97 (0.4%) Native American, 6,589 (28.3%) Asian, 154 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 2,022 (8.7%) from other races
, and 1,245 (5.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,171 persons (22.2%).
The Census reported that 22,457 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 562 (2.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 242 (1.0%) were institutionalized.
There were 8,764 households, out of which 2,650 (30.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,832 (43.7%) were opposite-sex married couples
living together, 1,190 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 461 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 351 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships
, and 46 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,453 households (28.0%) were made up of individuals and 837 (9.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56. There were 5,483 families
(62.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.18.
The population was spread out with 4,859 people (20.9%) under the age of 18, 2,642 people (11.4%) aged 18 to 24, 7,463 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 5,056 people (21.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,241 people (13.9%) who were 65 years of age or lder. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
There were 9,649 housing units at an average density of 1,283.6 per square mile (495.6/km²), of which 3,432 (39.2%) were owner-occupied, and 5,332 (60.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%. 9,496 people (40.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,961 people (55.7%) lived in rental housing units.
of 2000, there were 18,681 people, 7,536 households, and 4,498 families residing in the city. The population density
was 2,541.7 people per square mile (981.3/km²). There were 8,084 housing units at an average density of 1,099.9 per square mile (424.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 54.2% White, 7.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 24.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.5% from other races
, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.3% of the population.
There were 7,536 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples
living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1.
In the city the population was spread out with 21.9% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,204, and the median income for a family was $45,774. Males had a median income of $36,086 versus $35,096 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $20,189. About 12.9% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Whether or not these poverty statistics include unemployed full-time students is not known.
Loma Linda is located in the 31st Senate
District, represented by Republican
Robert Dutton
, and in the 63rd Assembly
District, represented by Republican Bill Emmerson
. Federally, Loma Linda is located in California's 41st congressional district
, which has a Cook PVI
of R +9 and is represented by Republican Jerry Lewis
.
, with Bryn Mawr Elementary School being situated within Loma Linda city limits. However, the western edge of the city is served by the Colton Unified School District. Also located in the city are Loma Linda Academy
, a K-12 institution, and Loma Linda University
, both of which are run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church
.
, and is home to Loma Linda University
, a Seventh-day Adventist Christian health sciences institution of higher learning with a world-renowned medical center. Notable firsts at the Loma Linda University Medical Center
include baboon-to-human heart transplant and the first split-brain
surgery. Animal Planet
television show Venom ER
was filmed at the medical center, as well.
Loma Linda was featured by National Geographic Magazine
as one of the three places in the world with the highest longevity
. Dan Buettner
considers this community to be a Blue Zone
.
Since a popular practice of Seventh-day Adventists is vegetarianism
, most restaurants in Loma Linda feature a vegetarian menu in addition to regular menu items. The Loma Linda Baker's Drive-Thru
was the first in that fast-food chain to feature the "Loma Linda Kitchen" vegetarian menu. The chain has since dropped the Loma Linda name for the menu and expanded its vegetarian choices.
Due to the large number of Loma Linda residents who were Seventh-day Adventists, the city was one of the few which had weekend mail delivery service on Sunday instead of Saturday. However, this distinction ended on April 23, 2011, when Saturday delivery resumed as part of a Post Office cost-cutting effort.
which was used in the manufacture of solid rocket
fuel. Also, this chemical was formerly (decades ago and in very small amounts) prescribed by physicians to control the overactive thyroid glands of certain patients. Attempts to quantify the effects of low-level exposure to perchlorate have met with resistance from environmental (and other) activists. A nearby plant operated by Lockheed Aerospace
has been implicated in the improper disposal of the rocket fuel ingredient, which leach
ed into the ground water northeast of Loma Linda. Loma Linda's municipal water supply, nevertheless, has been unaffected by the plume, primarily because Lockheed Martin installed a $19 million treatment plant in 2010 to remove both perchlorate and trichloroethylene from water after pumping it from the aquifer. The San Bernardino Valley
has some of the worst breathing-air quality in the United States, because of the prevailing westerly winds that blow large amounts of pollutant
s from Los Angeles County into this area of San Bernardino County.
(Argentina) Manipal
(India)
San Bernardino County, California
San Bernardino County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,035,210, up from 1,709,434 as of the 2000 census...
, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census. The central area of the city was originally known as Mound City and its eastern half was known as Bryn Mawr.
Geography
Loma Linda is located in the San Bernardino ValleySan Bernardino Valley
The San Bernardino Valley is a valley in Southern California. It lies at the south base of the Transverse Ranges. It is bordered on the north by the eastern San Gabriel Mountains and San Bernardino Mountains, on the east by the San Jacinto Mountains, and on the south and west by the Santa Ana...
and is part of the Inland Empire
Inland Empire (California)
The Inland Empire is a region in Southern California. The region sits directly east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Inland Empire most commonly is used in reference to the U.S. Census Bureau's federally-defined Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, which covers more than...
. It is bordered on the north by San Bernardino
San Bernardino, California
San Bernardino is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area , and serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States...
, on the east by Redlands
Redlands, California
Redlands is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 68,747, up from 63,591 at the 2000 census. The city is located east of downtown San Bernardino.- History :...
, on the west by Colton
Colton, California
Colton is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The city is located in the Inland Empire region of the state and is approximately 57 miles east of Los Angeles. The population of Colton is 52,154 according to the 2010 census, up from 47,662 at the 2000 census.Colton is the...
, and on the south by Riverside County
Riverside County, California
Riverside County is a county in the U.S. state of California. One of 58 California counties, it covers in the southern part of the state, and stretches from Orange County to the Colorado River, which forms the state border with Arizona. The county derives its name from the city of Riverside,...
. A small area of unincorporated territory separates Loma Linda from the city of Moreno Valley
Moreno Valley, California
Moreno Valley is a city located in Riverside County, California.A relatively young city, its rapid growth in the 1980s and the first decade of the 21st century made it second-largest city in Riverside County by population, and one of the Inland Empire's population centers. As of the 2010 census,...
to the south.
The remnants of Bryn Mawr
Bryn Mawr, California
Bryn Mawr is an unincorporated community within the city of Loma Linda in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of 2000, its population numbered 213.-External links:****...
were annexed by the City in 2006.
According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19.4 km²), 99.99% of it land.
Surrounding municipalities
The following diagram displays municipalities within a 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) radius of Loma Linda.2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Loma Linda had a population of 23,261. The population densityPopulation density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 3,094.3 people per square mile (1,194.7/km²). The racial makeup of Loma Linda was 11,122 (47.8%) White, 2,032 (8.7%) African American, 97 (0.4%) Native American, 6,589 (28.3%) Asian, 154 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 2,022 (8.7%) from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1,245 (5.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,171 persons (22.2%).
The Census reported that 22,457 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 562 (2.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 242 (1.0%) were institutionalized.
There were 8,764 households, out of which 2,650 (30.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,832 (43.7%) were opposite-sex married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 1,190 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 461 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 351 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships
POSSLQ
POSSLQ is an abbreviation for "Persons of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters," a term coined in the late 1970s by the United States Census Bureau as part of an effort to more accurately gauge the prevalence of cohabitation in American households....
, and 46 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,453 households (28.0%) were made up of individuals and 837 (9.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56. There were 5,483 families
Family (U.S. Census)
A family or family household is defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes as "a householder and one or more other people related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. They do not include same-sex married couples even if the marriage was performed in a state...
(62.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.18.
The population was spread out with 4,859 people (20.9%) under the age of 18, 2,642 people (11.4%) aged 18 to 24, 7,463 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 5,056 people (21.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,241 people (13.9%) who were 65 years of age or lder. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
There were 9,649 housing units at an average density of 1,283.6 per square mile (495.6/km²), of which 3,432 (39.2%) were owner-occupied, and 5,332 (60.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%. 9,496 people (40.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,961 people (55.7%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 18,681 people, 7,536 households, and 4,498 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 2,541.7 people per square mile (981.3/km²). There were 8,084 housing units at an average density of 1,099.9 per square mile (424.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 54.2% White, 7.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 24.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.5% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.3% of the population.
There were 7,536 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1.
In the city the population was spread out with 21.9% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,204, and the median income for a family was $45,774. Males had a median income of $36,086 versus $35,096 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $20,189. About 12.9% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Whether or not these poverty statistics include unemployed full-time students is not known.
Government
Loma Linda uses the council-manager form of government, and the City Council is composed of Mayor Rhodes Rigsby, Mayor pro tempore Ovidiu Popescu, Ron Dailey, Stan Brauer, and Phill Dupper.Politics
In the state legislatureCalifornia State Legislature
The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of California. It is a bicameral body consisting of the lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and the upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members...
Loma Linda is located in the 31st Senate
California State Senate
The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. There are 40 state senators. The state legislature meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate and may break a tied vote...
District, represented by Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
Robert Dutton
Robert Dutton
Robert D. Dutton is an American politician. He has served as the California State Senate Republican Leader since 2010 and as a Senator representing the 31st Senate District since 2004, after serving two years as a State Assemblyman for the 63rd Assembly District.-Biography:Robert Dutton was born...
, and in the 63rd Assembly
California State Assembly
The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. There are 80 members in the Assembly, representing an approximately equal number of constituents, with each district having a population of at least 420,000...
District, represented by Republican Bill Emmerson
Bill Emmerson
William "Bill" Emmerson is a Republican California State Senator, representing the 37th district in Riverside County, having been elected in a June 8, 2010 special election and sworn into office the next day...
. Federally, Loma Linda is located in California's 41st congressional district
California's 41st congressional district
California's 41st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in San Bernardino County. The district encompasses the eastern region of the Greater Los Angeles Area known as the Inland Empire...
, which has a Cook PVI
Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index , sometimes referred to as simply the Partisan Voting Index , is a measurement of how strongly an American congressional district or state leans toward one political party compared to the nation as a whole...
of R +9 and is represented by Republican Jerry Lewis
Jerry Lewis (politician)
Charles Jeremy Lewis is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 40th, 35th and 37th, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is a former chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, serving in the role during the 109th Congress.-Early life, education, and...
.
Education
The city of Loma Linda is part of the Redlands Unified School DistrictRedlands Unified School District
The Redlands Unified School District serves the city of Redlands, California and the surrounding communities of Mentone, Forest Falls, Loma Linda, and the eastern half of Highland, in San Bernardino County. Total enrollment is 21,170. The district has 15 elementary schools that serve kindergarten...
, with Bryn Mawr Elementary School being situated within Loma Linda city limits. However, the western edge of the city is served by the Colton Unified School District. Also located in the city are Loma Linda Academy
Loma Linda Academy
Loma Linda Academy is a Seventh-day Adventist K-12 college preparatory WASC-accredited school in Loma Linda, California, United States. Loma Linda Academy comprises three separate, semi-autonomous schools: Loma Linda Elementary , an elementary school; Loma Linda Academy Junior High, a junior high...
, a K-12 institution, and Loma Linda University
Loma Linda University
Loma Linda University is a Seventh-day Adventist coeducational health sciences university located in Loma Linda, California, United States. The University comprises eight schools and the Faculty of Graduate Studies...
, both of which are run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming of Jesus Christ...
.
Notable features
Loma Linda is a center of activity for the Seventh-day Adventist ChurchSeventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming of Jesus Christ...
, and is home to Loma Linda University
Loma Linda University
Loma Linda University is a Seventh-day Adventist coeducational health sciences university located in Loma Linda, California, United States. The University comprises eight schools and the Faculty of Graduate Studies...
, a Seventh-day Adventist Christian health sciences institution of higher learning with a world-renowned medical center. Notable firsts at the Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda University Medical Center is a teaching hospital on the campus of Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, United States. The medical center serves as a level I trauma center for San Bernardino County and the rest of the Inland Empire. It is one of two closest trauma centers for...
include baboon-to-human heart transplant and the first split-brain
Split-brain
Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. The surgical operation to produce this condition is called corpus callosotomy and is usually used as a last resort to treat otherwise intractable epilepsy...
surgery. Animal Planet
Animal Planet
Animal Planet is an American cable tv specialty channel that launched on October 1, 1996. It is distributed by Discovery Communications. A high-definition simulcast of the channel launched on September 1, 2007.-History:...
television show Venom ER
Venom ER
Venom ER is a television program made by the BBC Wildvision department of the BBC Natural History Unit for Animal Planet. It follows doctors at the Loma Linda University Medical Center dealing with venomous bites from snakes.-Season 1:-External links:...
was filmed at the medical center, as well.
National Geographic Magazine
National Geographic, formerly the National Geographic Magazine, is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. It published its first issue in 1888, just nine months after the Society itself was founded...
as one of the three places in the world with the highest longevity
Longevity
The word "longevity" is sometimes used as a synonym for "life expectancy" in demography or known as "long life", especially when it concerns someone or something lasting longer than expected ....
. Dan Buettner
Dan Buettner
Dan Buettner is an American explorer, educator, author, public speaker and co-producer of an Emmy Award-winning documentary who also holds three world records for endurance bicycling. He is the founder of the online Quest Network, Inc., which provides opportunities for students to interactively...
considers this community to be a Blue Zone
Blue Zone
A Blue Zone is a region of the world where people commonly live active lives past the age of 100 years. Scientists and demographers have classified these longevity hot-spots by having common healthy traits and life practices that result in higher-than-normal longevity.The name Blue Zone seems to...
.
Since a popular practice of Seventh-day Adventists is vegetarianism
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism encompasses the practice of following plant-based diets , with or without the inclusion of dairy products or eggs, and with the exclusion of meat...
, most restaurants in Loma Linda feature a vegetarian menu in addition to regular menu items. The Loma Linda Baker's Drive-Thru
Baker's Drive-thru
Baker's Drive-Thru is a chain of fast-food restaurants located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The menu features a selection of items such as hamburgers, french fries, tacos, burritos, quesadillas, and milkshakes....
was the first in that fast-food chain to feature the "Loma Linda Kitchen" vegetarian menu. The chain has since dropped the Loma Linda name for the menu and expanded its vegetarian choices.
Due to the large number of Loma Linda residents who were Seventh-day Adventists, the city was one of the few which had weekend mail delivery service on Sunday instead of Saturday. However, this distinction ended on April 23, 2011, when Saturday delivery resumed as part of a Post Office cost-cutting effort.
Water contamination and air pollution
Ground water near Loma Linda is contaminated by a plume of the chemical perchloratePerchlorate
Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid . They occur both naturally and through manufacturing. They have been used as a medicine for more than 50 years to treat thyroid gland disorders. They are used extensively within the pyrotechnics industry, and ammonium perchlorate is also a...
which was used in the manufacture of solid rocket
Solid rocket
A solid rocket or a solid-fuel rocket is a rocket engine that uses solid propellants . The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese in warfare as early as the 13th century and later by the Mongols, Arabs, and Indians.All rockets used some form of...
fuel. Also, this chemical was formerly (decades ago and in very small amounts) prescribed by physicians to control the overactive thyroid glands of certain patients. Attempts to quantify the effects of low-level exposure to perchlorate have met with resistance from environmental (and other) activists. A nearby plant operated by Lockheed Aerospace
Lockheed Corporation
The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace company. Lockheed was founded in 1912 and later merged with Martin Marietta to form Lockheed Martin in 1995.-Origins:...
has been implicated in the improper disposal of the rocket fuel ingredient, which leach
Leaching
In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid . Specifically, it may refer to:...
ed into the ground water northeast of Loma Linda. Loma Linda's municipal water supply, nevertheless, has been unaffected by the plume, primarily because Lockheed Martin installed a $19 million treatment plant in 2010 to remove both perchlorate and trichloroethylene from water after pumping it from the aquifer. The San Bernardino Valley
San Bernardino Valley
The San Bernardino Valley is a valley in Southern California. It lies at the south base of the Transverse Ranges. It is bordered on the north by the eastern San Gabriel Mountains and San Bernardino Mountains, on the east by the San Jacinto Mountains, and on the south and west by the Santa Ana...
has some of the worst breathing-air quality in the United States, because of the prevailing westerly winds that blow large amounts of pollutant
Pollutant
A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil, and is the cause of pollution.Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical nature, its concentration and its persistence. Some pollutants are biodegradable and therefore will not persist in the environment in the...
s from Los Angeles County into this area of San Bernardino County.
Sister cities
Loma Linda has the following sister cities: LibertadorLibertador General San Martín, Jujuy
Libertador General San Martín is a town in Jujuy Province, Argentina, and capital of the Ledesma Department, located on the National Route Nº34....
(Argentina) Manipal
Manipal
Manipal is a university town situated in the state of Karnataka in India. It is a suburb within Udupi city and is administered by Udupi City Municipality. It is located in the rocky hinterland of the Malabar Coast of south west India, about 8 km from the Arabian Sea...
(India)