Lone Wolf (Kiowa)
Encyclopedia
Lone Wolf the Elder (ca.1820-1879) was a Principal Chief of the Kiowa
tribe and was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa Tribe. He should not be confused with Lone Wolf II (Mamadayte), a young Kiowa brave whom he adopted. Indian Territory or the place called "Oklahoma" lived this great Kiowa Chief named Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho. Prior to his death Chief Dohauson (To-hauson) who unified and ruled the Kiowa's for 30 years named Guipahgo (Lone Wolf), as his successor to become the Principal Chief of the Kiowa people. Lone Wolf the Elder belonged to the Ka-it-senko Koitsenko
, the highest-ranking society consisting of ten men picked for bravery and Tsetanma, elite warrior societies. None was more respected or influential than Chief Lone Wolf, The Elder, better known to his people as Guipagho.
1865 Dohasan the last Chief of the unified Kiowas signed the peace treaty, along with Lone Wolf the Elder and other chiefs. Dohasan scorned the peace policy because he knew there would be no more buffalo in Kiowa hunting grounds and Lone Wolf the Elder (Guipahgho), also knew the Kiowas could not live without buffalo hunts.
October 21, 1867, Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), did not sign the Medicine Lodge Treaty. The Medicine Lodge Treaty led to the United States taking possession of 2,001,933 acres of the Kiowa, Comanche, and and Plains Apache Reservation. This does not include the 23,000 acres of the Fort Sill Military Reservation. The Medicine Lodge Treaty placed the Kiowa on a reservation in western Oklahoma and the government supervised the activities of the Kiowa's. In 1868 General Sheridan planned to wipe out the Plains Indians, thus Custer moved in the valley of the upper Washita River in December 1868.
Before his death in 1879 Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho) passed his name, his medicine, and his shield to a younger warrior named Mamay-day-te, who became Lone Wolf the Younger, or the Elk Creek Lone Wolf. Mamay-day-te in 1872 saved the life of Lone Wolf the Elder's son during a fight with teamsters at Howard Wells New Mexico
. Two years later, Mamay-day-te, the Younger Lone Wolf counted the first coup during the raid avenging the deaths in Texas of Lone Wolf, the Elder's son and of his nephew at the hands of American troops. Lone Wolf the Younger received the charm of power that Kiowas believed accompanied the name. He inherited the mantle of leadership and the obligations. The younger Lone Wolf and his followers lived in the more isolated northern part of the reserve, near Mt Scott of Lone Wolf the elder, and along Elk and Rainy Mt creeks. He subsequently led Kiowa resistance to government influence on the reservation Lone Wolf the Younger led a group of warriors to recover the bodies and to avenge their deaths.
The next year Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), became feared throughout the Southern Plains; he joined Quanah Parker
and his Comanche in their attack on Anglo buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls and fought the Army to a standstill at the Anadarko
Agency on August 22, 1874.
He fought the Texas Rangers at Lost Valley, and the U.S. Calvary at Palo Duro Canyon. With the buffalo gone, he and his people surrendered in February 1875. In 1875 upon surrendering with his band Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), was among a group of 27 Kiowa singled out by the U.S. Army for incarceration at Fort Marion
in St. Augustine, Florida
, were he would remain until 1878. He was found guilty of rebellion and sentenced to confinement in the dungeons of old Fort Marion at St. Augustine, Florida, and vulnerable to malaria and measles, he died in 1879. Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho)is buried in the Wichita Mountains in an unknown location.
Lone Wolf the Elder's demise as the leading warrior in the words of ethnologist James Mooney
, "is the end of the war history of the Kiowa." About the same time other Kiowa war leaders also died crippling leadership at a crucial time in Kiowa history.
Kooey pah' gaw
Daw onh daw-geath
Day tay dow tigh dow
Koy keah kom' bah
Naw daw tigh dow
Tay dow tigh dow hey
Chief Lonewolf gave us this one song,
It's with all of us,
That song is with all the Kiowas,
It's for all of us.
Kiowa
The Kiowa are a nation of American Indians and indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated from the northern plains to the southern plains in the late 17th century. In 1867, the Kiowa moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma...
tribe and was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa Tribe. He should not be confused with Lone Wolf II (Mamadayte), a young Kiowa brave whom he adopted. Indian Territory or the place called "Oklahoma" lived this great Kiowa Chief named Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho. Prior to his death Chief Dohauson (To-hauson) who unified and ruled the Kiowa's for 30 years named Guipahgo (Lone Wolf), as his successor to become the Principal Chief of the Kiowa people. Lone Wolf the Elder belonged to the Ka-it-senko Koitsenko
Koitsenko
The Koitsenko was a group of the ten greatest warriors of the Kiowa tribe as a whole, from all bands. Probably the most famous of them was Satank who died while being taken to trial for the Warren Wagon Train Raid...
, the highest-ranking society consisting of ten men picked for bravery and Tsetanma, elite warrior societies. None was more respected or influential than Chief Lone Wolf, The Elder, better known to his people as Guipagho.
Background
During this time was a period of freedom when the Kiowas roamed the Texas plains before they were forced into reservation life. 1860 the Kiowas became allies with the Comanche by brave warriors, including Lone Wolf, The Elder (Guipahgho). 1863 Lone Wolf the Elder, Yellow Buffalo, Little Heart, and White Buffalo accompanied an agent to Washington to establish a policy that would favor the Kiowa, but it was in a futile attempt.1865 Dohasan the last Chief of the unified Kiowas signed the peace treaty, along with Lone Wolf the Elder and other chiefs. Dohasan scorned the peace policy because he knew there would be no more buffalo in Kiowa hunting grounds and Lone Wolf the Elder (Guipahgho), also knew the Kiowas could not live without buffalo hunts.
October 21, 1867, Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), did not sign the Medicine Lodge Treaty. The Medicine Lodge Treaty led to the United States taking possession of 2,001,933 acres of the Kiowa, Comanche, and and Plains Apache Reservation. This does not include the 23,000 acres of the Fort Sill Military Reservation. The Medicine Lodge Treaty placed the Kiowa on a reservation in western Oklahoma and the government supervised the activities of the Kiowa's. In 1868 General Sheridan planned to wipe out the Plains Indians, thus Custer moved in the valley of the upper Washita River in December 1868.
Political career
In 1865 Dohasan leader of the Kiowas for more than 30 years, died. Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), was chosen by the Kiowa people to represent them in Washington, DC. Big Tree and Satanta in 1871 were sentenced to Huntsville prison. Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), told the Commissioner that he must consult with Big Tree and Satanta held in St. Louis on September 29, 1872. Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), was told at Washington the Comanches and Kiowa had to camp ten miles near Fort Sill by December 15, 1872. In 1873, Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), gained the release of Big Tree and Satanta by promising that his tribe would remain at peace. Lone Wolf returned a hero.Death and legacy
That same year his son and nephew were killed by a party of raiding Texans. Tau-ankia was the only son of Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho) and was a member of the Onde. Guitan, a boy of 15 tried to save Tau-ankia but both were killed. Long Horn returned to secretly hide the bodies and news of the deaths reached the Kiowa camps January 13, 1874. The tribe mourned the loss of the two popular young men. Guitan was the son of Red Otter and Lone Wolf's favorite nephew.Before his death in 1879 Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho) passed his name, his medicine, and his shield to a younger warrior named Mamay-day-te, who became Lone Wolf the Younger, or the Elk Creek Lone Wolf. Mamay-day-te in 1872 saved the life of Lone Wolf the Elder's son during a fight with teamsters at Howard Wells New Mexico
New Mexico
New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
. Two years later, Mamay-day-te, the Younger Lone Wolf counted the first coup during the raid avenging the deaths in Texas of Lone Wolf, the Elder's son and of his nephew at the hands of American troops. Lone Wolf the Younger received the charm of power that Kiowas believed accompanied the name. He inherited the mantle of leadership and the obligations. The younger Lone Wolf and his followers lived in the more isolated northern part of the reserve, near Mt Scott of Lone Wolf the elder, and along Elk and Rainy Mt creeks. He subsequently led Kiowa resistance to government influence on the reservation Lone Wolf the Younger led a group of warriors to recover the bodies and to avenge their deaths.
The next year Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), became feared throughout the Southern Plains; he joined Quanah Parker
Quanah Parker
Quanah Parker was a Comanche chief, a leader in the Native American Church, and the last leader of the powerful Quahadi band before they surrendered their battle of the Great Plains and went to a reservation in Indian Territory...
and his Comanche in their attack on Anglo buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls and fought the Army to a standstill at the Anadarko
Anadarko
Anadarko may refer to:* Anadarko, Oklahoma* Anadarko Basin, a geologic depositional and structural basin centered in the western part of the state of Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle, and extending into western Kansas and southeast Colorado...
Agency on August 22, 1874.
He fought the Texas Rangers at Lost Valley, and the U.S. Calvary at Palo Duro Canyon. With the buffalo gone, he and his people surrendered in February 1875. In 1875 upon surrendering with his band Lone Wolf, the Elder (Gui-pah-gho), was among a group of 27 Kiowa singled out by the U.S. Army for incarceration at Fort Marion
Castillo de San Marcos
The Castillo de San Marcos site is the oldest masonry fort in the United States. It is located in the city of St. Augustine, Florida. Construction was begun in 1672 by the Spanish when Florida was a Spanish territory. During the twenty year period of British possession from 1763 until 1784, the...
in St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine is a city in the northeast section of Florida and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the continental United...
, were he would remain until 1878. He was found guilty of rebellion and sentenced to confinement in the dungeons of old Fort Marion at St. Augustine, Florida, and vulnerable to malaria and measles, he died in 1879. Lone Wolf the Elder (Gui-pah-gho)is buried in the Wichita Mountains in an unknown location.
Lone Wolf the Elder's demise as the leading warrior in the words of ethnologist James Mooney
James Mooney
James Mooney was an American ethnographer who lived for several years among the Cherokee. He did major studies of Southeastern Indians, as well as those on the Great Plains...
, "is the end of the war history of the Kiowa." About the same time other Kiowa war leaders also died crippling leadership at a crucial time in Kiowa history.
Lonewolf Song 1st Gourd Dance Song
Kooey pah' gaw
Daw onh daw-geath
Day tay dow tigh dow
Koy keah kom' bah
Naw daw tigh dow
Tay dow tigh dow hey
Chief Lonewolf gave us this one song,
It's with all of us,
That song is with all the Kiowas,
It's for all of us.