Lordship of Salona
Encyclopedia
The Lordship of Salona, after 1318 the County of Salona, was a Crusader state established after the Fourth Crusade
(1204) in Central Greece
, around the town of Salona (modern Amfissa
, known in French
as La Sole and Italian
as La Sola).
, the King of Thessalonica
, in 1205. After the fall of the Thessalonica to the forces of Epirus
, and a short-lived Epirote occupation in ca. 1210–1212, Salona became a vassal of the Principality of Achaea
, but later came under increasing dependency from the Duchy of Athens
. In 1318, the lordship came under the rule of the Catalan Fadrique family, who claimed the title of Count
of Salona. In 1380 it fell to the Navarrese Company
. Due to the unpopularity of the Dowager Countess Helena Asanina Kantakouzene, in 1394, the town opened its gates to the Ottoman
sultan Bayezid I
. It fell for a short time into the hands of the Despotate of the Morea ca. 1402. The Despot Theodore I Palaiologos sold Salona to the Knights Hospitaller
in 1404, but it fell again to the Ottomans in 1410.
Catalan Conquest
Navarrese Conquest (1380)
First Ottoman conquest (1394 – ca. 1402/1403)
Byzantine Moreot conquest (1402/1403–1404)
Knights Hospitaller (1404–1410)
Second Ottoman conquest
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire...
(1204) in Central Greece
Central Greece
Continental Greece or Central Greece , colloquially known as Roúmeli , is a geographical region of Greece. Its territory is divided into the administrative regions of Central Greece, Attica, and part of West Greece...
, around the town of Salona (modern Amfissa
Amfissa
Amfissa is a town and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Delphi, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is also the capital of the regional unit of Phocis...
, known in French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
as La Sole and Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
as La Sola).
History
The first lord of Salona, Thomas I de Stromoncourt (or d'Autremoncourt), was named by Boniface of MontferratBoniface of Montferrat
Boniface of Montferrat was Marquess of Montferrat and the leader of the Fourth Crusade. He was the third son of William V of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg, born after his father's return from the Second Crusade...
, the King of Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over the conquered Byzantine lands.- Background :...
, in 1205. After the fall of the Thessalonica to the forces of Epirus
Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate or Principality of Epirus was one of the Byzantine Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire that emerged in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, along with the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond...
, and a short-lived Epirote occupation in ca. 1210–1212, Salona became a vassal of the Principality of Achaea
Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica...
, but later came under increasing dependency from the Duchy of Athens
Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century....
. In 1318, the lordship came under the rule of the Catalan Fadrique family, who claimed the title of Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
of Salona. In 1380 it fell to the Navarrese Company
Navarrese Company
The Navarrese Company was a company of mercenaries, mostly from Navarre and Gascony, which fought in Greece during the late 14th century and early 15th century, in the twilight of Frankish power in the dwindling remnant of the Latin Empire...
. Due to the unpopularity of the Dowager Countess Helena Asanina Kantakouzene, in 1394, the town opened its gates to the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
sultan Bayezid I
Bayezid I
Bayezid I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1389 to 1402. He was the son of Murad I and Valide Sultan Gülçiçek Hatun.-Biography:Bayezid was born in Edirne and spent his youth in Bursa, where he received a high-level education...
. It fell for a short time into the hands of the Despotate of the Morea ca. 1402. The Despot Theodore I Palaiologos sold Salona to the Knights Hospitaller
Knights Hospitaller
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta , also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Roman Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalrous, noble nature. It is the world's...
in 1404, but it fell again to the Ottomans in 1410.
Rulers
d'Autremoncourt/de Stromoncourt family- Thomas I de Stromoncourt (r. 1205–1210)
- Thomas II de Stromoncourt (r. 1212–1258)
- William de Stromoncourt, son of Thomas II
- Thomas III de Stromoncourt (r. 1294–1311), son of William, killed at the Battle of the Cephissus
Catalan Conquest
- Roger DeslaurRoger DeslaurRoger Deslaur or Desllor, an almogàver from Roussillon in the service of Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens, was one of the few knights to survive the bloody Battle of Halmyros on 15 March 1311...
(r. 1311–1318) - Alfonso FadriqueAlfonso FadriqueDon Alfonso Fadrique was the eldest and illegitimate son of Frederick II of Sicily. He served as vicar general of the Duchy of Athens from 1317 to 1330....
(r. 1318–1338) - Pedro FadriquePedro I FadriquePedro I Fadrique , Count of Salona, was the eldest son of Alfonso Fadrique, vicar general of Athens, and Marulla of Verona.He was excommunicated along with his father and his brother James on 29 December 1335 by Guglielmo Frangipani, Archbishop of Patras. In 1338, he succeeded his father in Salona,...
(r. 1338–1350), eldest son of Alfonso - Jaime Fadrique (r. ca. 1355–1365), second son of Alfonso, his rule was largely nominal
- Luis Fadrique (r. 1365–1380), son of Jaime
Navarrese Conquest (1380)
- Maria Fadrique (r. 1382–1394), daughter of Luis, under the regency of her mother, Helena Asanina Kantakouzene
First Ottoman conquest (1394 – ca. 1402/1403)
Byzantine Moreot conquest (1402/1403–1404)
Knights Hospitaller (1404–1410)
Second Ottoman conquest