Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna
Encyclopedia
Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna (2 June 1811 – 18 January 1871); originally Alois Anton Dobrauz (Slovene: Dobravec) Ritter di Saldapenna, was an Austrian
secret diplomat
and journalist
, founder and editor of the Mémorial diplomatique, a noted statistical expert of his time and the author
of numerous books on politics, law and financial subjects.
, in the former empire of Austria-Hungary
(now Italy
).
After attending grammar school in Ljubljana
(German: Laibach) Alois Dobrauz studied law
, initially at the Austrian universities of Graz
and Vienna
.
On November 18, 1833, he enrolled at the University of Pavia
for his third year of studies under the name of Luigi Dobrauz. After having been awarded the title of Dr. iur. he entered the civil service at the criminal and civil court in Milan
, but he left in 1837 after his first wife Christine Ponthieure de Berlaere had died in childbed giving birth to his twin sons Joseph and Franz Dobrauz. After this he travelled the Italian peninsula
before settling in Paris
in 1838 where he married again. His second wife was Denise Eugénie de Sigfeld, the daughter of a high ranking Napoleonic official and officer of the Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
Around that time he translated his name into French. Alois Anton became Louis Antoine and Dobrauz became Debrauz.
’s journal La Presse. In addition he contributed as the Paris correspondent to such renowned newspapers such as the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung
, the Vienna Lloyd and The Morning Post.
When in 1842, following the unexpected death of the French Crown Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans the question of a potential regency or Régence
became a matter of public interest in France, Louis Debrauz published the book "La Question de la régence, exposée d'après les principes du droit et les usages des États constitutionnels de l'Europe".
In 1843 he supported his personal friend Alphonse de Lamartine
by anonymously publishing the book "Guizot et Lamartine".
In the following years Louis Debrauz undertook in-depth studies into ways of reforming the French universities and especially their faculties of law. His findings were published in 1845 in the book L'Enseignement supérieur en harmonie avec les besoins de l'État.
In 1848 he supported the Austrian Empire in its conflict with Italy by publishing favourable articles in the international press. Upon request by Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg
a collection of these articles was published in 1849 under the title "La Question Italianne".
. In this capacity he conducted a reorganisation of the Austrian consulates in France and Spain. In the summer of 1853 he also undertook a journey to Spain
, Portugal
and Morocco
aboard the French steam frigate
"Newton" to study their respective economic situations. His findings were subsequently published in the 1854 "Mittheilungen auf dem Gebiete der Statistik".
When in 1853 Emperor Napoleon III of France
ascended to the throne, Louis Debrauz published his biography entitled "Napoléon III, empereur des français: esquisse biographique". Through his close friendship with the monarch he had been able to obtain all the relevant information directly from him.
Starting in the autumn of 1852 Debrauz sent secret reports from Paris to Baron Carl Friedrich von Kübeck, the President of the Austrian Reichsrat, who forwarded these directly to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
. With directive dated November 13, 1853 the emperor authorized this secret line of reporting Via this channel Debrauz communicated on behalf of Emperor Napoleon III the idea of exchanging Austria’s Italian provinces for the so called Danubian Principalities
to Vienna.
However, upon intervention by Count Joseph Alexander Hübner
, who saw a dangerous competitor in Debrauz, he was exposed as a double-agent and dismissed from the Austrian civil service in 1855.
In addition he published a number of hugely successful books such as the 1856 "Le Traité de Paris du 30 mars, étudié dans ces causes et dans ces effetes", which shed light on a number of diplomatic secrets. In 1859 followed "La paix de Villafranca et les conférences de Zurich", in 1861 "Le rachat de la Vénétie est-il une solution?" and in 1862 both "Solution de la crise hongroise" and "La Situation financière de l'Autriche et le plan financier de M. de Plener.". In 1863 Debrauz published "Organisation administrative des États de l'Église. Mémoire du gouvernement pontifical communiqué par le nonce du Saint-Siège au Cabinet français le 12 janvier 1863".
In 1859 Louis Debrauz founded the Paris weekly journal Mémorial diplomatique dedicated to matters of international politics, which he directed until the end of his life and to which he also contributed hundreds of articles.
, Vienna
and London
, where he also acted as the Congress’ secretary.
by Emperor Franz Joseph I and subsequently ennobled with the hereditary title Ritter di Saldapenna.http://books.google.ch/books?id=OY0AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA66&dq=saldapenna+alois#PPA66,M1 Styled “Alois Dobrauz Ritter di Saldapenna”, for the rest of his life, which was spent in Paris, he however mainly used the French version “Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna”. His offspring who remained in Austria continued to use the German form Dobrauz, after 1867 usually without the predicate di Saldapenna.
, as the personal representative of the Austrian Archduke
Ferdinand Maximilan, the Lombardo-Venetian Count Castellani’s proceedings against Egypt, which were also supported by Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys As a result Castellani succeeded in extracting the then enormous sum of 700,000 francs as compensation for damages allegedly caused by overexposing valuable Chinese silk worms to the sun during transport between Suez
and Cairo
.
wished to establish a monarchy, strongly linked to France, in Mexico
. To do so he wished to place the descendant of a leading European ruling house on this new throne. His candidate of choice was the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilan, the hugely popular younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I. To communicate this, and to convince the archduke, Napoleon III sent Debrauz de Saldapenna, who not only originally came from Trieste himself, but also was a close personal friend of the archduke, to his castle of Miramare
.
When the Mexican delegation officially offered the Mexican crown to Maximilian, Louis Debrauz de Saldapenna accompanied them, and exclusively reported about this in the Mémorial diplomatique.
After Maximilian was crowned emperor of Mexico in 1864 the Mémorial diplomatique served as one of his main channels of communication in Europe. Even after Maximilian’s tragic death in 1867 Debrauz de Saldapenna kept defending him and his cause. However, in Austria, Louis Debrauz de Saldapenna was perceived as one of those chiefly responsible for Maximilian’s death and became persona non grata".
Debrauz de Saldapenna published in close collaboration with the then Austrian ambassador in Paris, Prince Richard von Metternich, a series of critical articles directed against Prussia. After it was claimed in one of them that, during the battles in Bohemia, the King of Prussia had personally seized valuables from the property of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly as well as from Prince Lobkowitz, the Prussian ambassador in Paris, Count Robert von der Goltz, sued the Mémorial diplomatique for causing offence against a foreign sovereign via the press. In this trial, which attracted much public interest, the interests of the Mémorial diplomatique were represented by the later French prime minister Jules Armand Dufaure
.
published in the ‘Mémorial diplomatique’ a series of articles titled Lettres espagnoles. In these articles they successfully undertook to prove wrong the French historian François Guizot
and his presentation of Spain as well as of Narváez .
In 1864 Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna was made an Officier de l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur and a Commander of the Mexican Order of Guadalupe. He died on January 18, 1871 at the age of 59 during the siege of Paris; his tomb is at Montmartre Cemetery
.
To celebrate the 200th anniversary of Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna’s birthday Dr. Guenther Dobrauz, a direct descendent, published a comprehensive biography titled "agent obscur".
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
secret diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
and journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, founder and editor of the Mémorial diplomatique, a noted statistical expert of his time and the author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...
of numerous books on politics, law and financial subjects.
Early life: from Trieste to Paris
Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna was born June 2, 1811 as Alois Anton Dobrauz (Slovene: Alojz Dobravec) as the son of the trader Luca Dobrauz and his wife Marie in TriesteTrieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
, in the former empire of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
(now Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
).
After attending grammar school in Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
(German: Laibach) Alois Dobrauz studied law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
, initially at the Austrian universities of Graz
Graz
The more recent population figures do not give the whole picture as only people with principal residence status are counted and people with secondary residence status are not. Most of the people with secondary residence status in Graz are students...
and Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
.
On November 18, 1833, he enrolled at the University of Pavia
University of Pavia
The University of Pavia is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. It was founded in 1361 and is organized in 9 Faculties.-History:...
for his third year of studies under the name of Luigi Dobrauz. After having been awarded the title of Dr. iur. he entered the civil service at the criminal and civil court in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, but he left in 1837 after his first wife Christine Ponthieure de Berlaere had died in childbed giving birth to his twin sons Joseph and Franz Dobrauz. After this he travelled the Italian peninsula
Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three large peninsulas of Southern Europe , spanning from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. The peninsula's shape gives it the nickname Lo Stivale...
before settling in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in 1838 where he married again. His second wife was Denise Eugénie de Sigfeld, the daughter of a high ranking Napoleonic official and officer of the Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
Around that time he translated his name into French. Alois Anton became Louis Antoine and Dobrauz became Debrauz.
Journalist and editor in Paris. Part I (1838-1848)
From 1838 onwards Louis Debrauz worked as a journalist and co-editor of Émile de GirardinÉmile de Girardin
Émile de Girardin , was a French journalist, publicist, and politician. He was born in Paris in 1802, the son of General Alexandre de Girardin and of Madame Dupuy , wife of a Parisian advocate....
’s journal La Presse. In addition he contributed as the Paris correspondent to such renowned newspapers such as the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung
Allgemeine Zeitung
The Allgemeine Zeitung was in the first part of the 19th century the leading political daily journal in Germany. It has been widely recognised as the first world class German journal and is a symbol of the German press abroad....
, the Vienna Lloyd and The Morning Post.
When in 1842, following the unexpected death of the French Crown Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans the question of a potential regency or Régence
Régence
The Régence is the period in French history between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV was a minor and the land was governed by a Regent, Philippe d'Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV of France....
became a matter of public interest in France, Louis Debrauz published the book "La Question de la régence, exposée d'après les principes du droit et les usages des États constitutionnels de l'Europe".
In 1843 he supported his personal friend Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine was a French writer, poet and politician who was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic.-Career:...
by anonymously publishing the book "Guizot et Lamartine".
In the following years Louis Debrauz undertook in-depth studies into ways of reforming the French universities and especially their faculties of law. His findings were published in 1845 in the book L'Enseignement supérieur en harmonie avec les besoins de l'État.
In 1848 he supported the Austrian Empire in its conflict with Italy by publishing favourable articles in the international press. Upon request by Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg
Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg
Prinz Felix zu Schwarzenberg was an Austrian statesman who restored the Habsburg Empire as a European power following the disorders of 1848....
a collection of these articles was published in 1849 under the title "La Question Italianne".
Civil service and secret diplomacy (1849-1853)
In 1848 Alois Debrauz was appointed the director of the Austrian general consulate in Paris, headed by his close friend Baron James Mayer de RothschildJames Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild was a French banker and the original founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.-Biography:...
. In this capacity he conducted a reorganisation of the Austrian consulates in France and Spain. In the summer of 1853 he also undertook a journey to Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
and Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
aboard the French steam frigate
Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.In the 17th century, the term was used for any warship built for speed and maneuverability, the description often used being "frigate-built"...
"Newton" to study their respective economic situations. His findings were subsequently published in the 1854 "Mittheilungen auf dem Gebiete der Statistik".
When in 1853 Emperor Napoleon III of France
Napoleon III of France
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, christened as Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte...
ascended to the throne, Louis Debrauz published his biography entitled "Napoléon III, empereur des français: esquisse biographique". Through his close friendship with the monarch he had been able to obtain all the relevant information directly from him.
Starting in the autumn of 1852 Debrauz sent secret reports from Paris to Baron Carl Friedrich von Kübeck, the President of the Austrian Reichsrat, who forwarded these directly to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Galicia and Lodomeria and Grand Duke of Cracow from 1848 until his death in 1916.In the December of 1848, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated the throne as part of...
. With directive dated November 13, 1853 the emperor authorized this secret line of reporting Via this channel Debrauz communicated on behalf of Emperor Napoleon III the idea of exchanging Austria’s Italian provinces for the so called Danubian Principalities
Danubian Principalities
Danubian Principalities was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century. The term was coined in the Habsburg Monarchy after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in order to designate an area on the lower Danube with a common...
to Vienna.
However, upon intervention by Count Joseph Alexander Hübner
Count Joseph Alexander Hübner
Joseph Alexander, count Hübner , was an Austrian diplomat, born in Vienna. His real name was Josef Hafenbredl, which he changed to Hübner.-Career:...
, who saw a dangerous competitor in Debrauz, he was exposed as a double-agent and dismissed from the Austrian civil service in 1855.
Journalist and editor in Paris. Part II (1855-1871)
Even during his service at the Austrian consulate in Paris, Debrauz had continued to work as a journalist, but after his dismissal he pursued this career with even greater success.In addition he published a number of hugely successful books such as the 1856 "Le Traité de Paris du 30 mars, étudié dans ces causes et dans ces effetes", which shed light on a number of diplomatic secrets. In 1859 followed "La paix de Villafranca et les conférences de Zurich", in 1861 "Le rachat de la Vénétie est-il une solution?" and in 1862 both "Solution de la crise hongroise" and "La Situation financière de l'Autriche et le plan financier de M. de Plener.". In 1863 Debrauz published "Organisation administrative des États de l'Église. Mémoire du gouvernement pontifical communiqué par le nonce du Saint-Siège au Cabinet français le 12 janvier 1863".
In 1859 Louis Debrauz founded the Paris weekly journal Mémorial diplomatique dedicated to matters of international politics, which he directed until the end of his life and to which he also contributed hundreds of articles.
Secretary of the International Statistical Congresses
In 1855, 1857 and 1860 Louis Debrauz participated in the International Statistical Congresses in ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
and London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, where he also acted as the Congress’ secretary.
Knighthood (1858)
On February 17, 1858 Dr. Alois Dobrauz was awarded the Austrian Order of the Iron CrownOrder of the Iron Crown
The Imperial Order of the Iron Crown was established June 5, 1805 by Napoleon Bonaparte . It took its name from the ancient Iron Crown of Lombardy, a medieval jewel with an iron ring, forged from what was supposed to be a nail from the True Cross as a band on the inside. This crown also gave its...
by Emperor Franz Joseph I and subsequently ennobled with the hereditary title Ritter di Saldapenna.http://books.google.ch/books?id=OY0AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA66&dq=saldapenna+alois#PPA66,M1 Styled “Alois Dobrauz Ritter di Saldapenna”, for the rest of his life, which was spent in Paris, he however mainly used the French version “Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna”. His offspring who remained in Austria continued to use the German form Dobrauz, after 1867 usually without the predicate di Saldapenna.
Debrauz and the lawsuit following the expedition of Counts Castellani and Freschi (1859)
In 1859 Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna orchestrated in ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, as the personal representative of the Austrian Archduke
Archduke
The title of Archduke denotes a noble rank above Duke and below King, used only by princes of the Houses of Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine....
Ferdinand Maximilan, the Lombardo-Venetian Count Castellani’s proceedings against Egypt, which were also supported by Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys As a result Castellani succeeded in extracting the then enormous sum of 700,000 francs as compensation for damages allegedly caused by overexposing valuable Chinese silk worms to the sun during transport between Suez
Suez
Suez is a seaport city in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez , near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate. It has three harbors, Adabya, Ain Sokhna and Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities...
and Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...
.
Secret agent in the case of the Mexican crown (1863)
At the beginning of the 1860s Emperor Napoleon III of FranceNapoleon III of France
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, christened as Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte...
wished to establish a monarchy, strongly linked to France, in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. To do so he wished to place the descendant of a leading European ruling house on this new throne. His candidate of choice was the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilan, the hugely popular younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I. To communicate this, and to convince the archduke, Napoleon III sent Debrauz de Saldapenna, who not only originally came from Trieste himself, but also was a close personal friend of the archduke, to his castle of Miramare
Miramare
The Miramare Castle is a 19th century castle on the Gulf of Trieste near Trieste, northeastern Italy. It was built from 1856 to 1860 for Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian and his wife, Charlotte of Belgium, later Emperor Maximilian I and Empress Carlota of Mexico, to a design by Carl...
.
When the Mexican delegation officially offered the Mexican crown to Maximilian, Louis Debrauz de Saldapenna accompanied them, and exclusively reported about this in the Mémorial diplomatique.
After Maximilian was crowned emperor of Mexico in 1864 the Mémorial diplomatique served as one of his main channels of communication in Europe. Even after Maximilian’s tragic death in 1867 Debrauz de Saldapenna kept defending him and his cause. However, in Austria, Louis Debrauz de Saldapenna was perceived as one of those chiefly responsible for Maximilian’s death and became persona non grata".
The King of Prussia’s lawsuit against the Mémorial diplomatique (1866-1867)
During the 1866 war between Austria and PrussiaPrussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
Debrauz de Saldapenna published in close collaboration with the then Austrian ambassador in Paris, Prince Richard von Metternich, a series of critical articles directed against Prussia. After it was claimed in one of them that, during the battles in Bohemia, the King of Prussia had personally seized valuables from the property of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly as well as from Prince Lobkowitz, the Prussian ambassador in Paris, Count Robert von der Goltz, sued the Mémorial diplomatique for causing offence against a foreign sovereign via the press. In this trial, which attracted much public interest, the interests of the Mémorial diplomatique were represented by the later French prime minister Jules Armand Dufaure
Jules Armand Dufaure
Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure was a French statesman.-Biography:Dufaure was born at Saujon, Charente-Maritime, and began his career as an advocate at Bordeaux, where he won a great reputation by his oratorical gifts. He abandoned law for politics, and in 1834 was elected deputy...
.
The Mémorial diplomatique and the Lettres espagnoles (1867)
In 1867 Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna created quite a stir when he in collaboration with Juan de Grimaldi and Ramón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of ValenciaRamón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia
Don Ramón María de Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia was a Spanish soldier and statesman.-Biography:...
published in the ‘Mémorial diplomatique’ a series of articles titled Lettres espagnoles. In these articles they successfully undertook to prove wrong the French historian François Guizot
François Guizot
François Pierre Guillaume Guizot was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848, a conservative liberal who opposed the attempt by King Charles X to usurp legislative power, and worked to sustain a constitutional...
and his presentation of Spain as well as of Narváez .
In 1864 Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna was made an Officier de l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur and a Commander of the Mexican Order of Guadalupe. He died on January 18, 1871 at the age of 59 during the siege of Paris; his tomb is at Montmartre Cemetery
Montmartre Cemetery
Montmartre Cemetery is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France.-History:Cemeteries had been banned from Paris since the shutting down of the Cimetière des Innocents in 1786, as they presented health hazards...
.
Family
Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna’s descendants included amongst others Johann von Dobrauz, who in 1878 received the highest commendation as an officer of the Austrian-Hungarian imperial army, Austrian public law expert Dr. Karl Dobrauz, and composer and arranger Prof. Carl Dobrauz.To celebrate the 200th anniversary of Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna’s birthday Dr. Guenther Dobrauz, a direct descendent, published a comprehensive biography titled "agent obscur".
Works
- La Question de la Régence, exposée d'après les principes du droit et les usages des États constitutionnels de l'Europe. B. Dussillion et compagnie, Paris 1842.
- Guizot et Lamartine, ou la politique du cabinet du 29 oct., jugée par un observateur impartial. B. Dussillion, Paris 1842.
- L'Enseignement supérieur en harmonie avec les besoins de l'État, projet de réorganisation des Facultés de droit en France, précédé d’une Lettre approbative de M. le ministre de l’instruction publique. B. Dussillion, Paris 1845.
- La Question Italianne. Examinée sous le point de vue. Des intérêts de l’Europe en général, et de la France en particulier; par un observateur impartial. Plon Frères, Paris 1849.Google book
- Napoléon III, empereur des français: esquisse biographique. Plon frères, Paris 1853.
- Darstellung der gewerblichen und commerciellen Zustände Spaniens mit besonderer Rücksicht auf den Verkehr dieses Landes mit Oesterreich. in: Direction der administrativen Statistik im k.k. Handels-Ministerium (Ed.) Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Statistik. III. Jahrgang, 3. Heft, k.k. Hof u. Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1854.
- Darstellung der nationalökonomischen Zustände Portugals mit besonderer Rücksicht auf d. Verkehr mit Oesterreich. in: Direction der administrativen Statistik im k.k. Handels-Ministerium (Ed.) Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Statistik. III. Jahrgang, 5. Heft; k.k. Hof u. Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1854.Google book
- Darstellung der nationalökonomischen Zustände Marokko’s mit besonderer Rücksicht auf d. Verkehr mit Oesterreich. in: Direction der administrativen Statistik im k.k. Handels-Ministerium (Ed.) Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Statistik, III. Jahrgang, 6. Heft; k.k. Hof u. Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1854.Google book
- Le Traité de Paris du 30 mars, étudié dans ces causes et dans ces effetes. Amyont, Paris 1856.
- La paix de Villafranca et les conférences de Zurich. Amyont, Paris 1859.Google book
- Le rachat de la Vénétie est-il une solution? Amyot, Paris 1861.Google book
- La Situation financière de l'Autriche et le plan financier de M. de Plener. Amyot, Paris 1862.
- Solution de la crise hongroise. Amyot, Paris 1862.Google book
- Organisation administrative des états de l'église. Amyot, Paris 1863.Google book
Literature
- Egon Caesar Conte Corti: Maximilian und Charlotte von Mexiko. 2 Vol., Amaltheaverlag, Vienna 1924.
- Friedrich Engel-Jánosi: Der Freiherr von Hübner, 1811-1892: Eine Gestalt aus dem Österreich Kaiser Franz Josephs. Universitäts-Verlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1933.
- Karl Friedrich Frank-Döfering: Adelslexikon des Österreichischen Kaisertums 1804-1918. Vol. 2 (1823-1918), Vienna 1928.
- David Thatcher Gies: Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, ISBN 0521342937, 978-0521342933.
- David S. Landes: Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1958, ISBN 0674061659.
- Paul Müller: Feldmarschall Fürst Windischgrätz. Revolution und Gegenrevolution in Österreich. Wilhelm Braumüller Universitäts-Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vienna 1934.
- Martin Senner: Die Donaufürstentümer als Tauschobjekt für die österreichischen Besitzungen in Italien(1853-1866). F. Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1988, ISBN 3515049061, 978-3515049061.
- Constant von Wurzbach: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Vol. 3, Vienna 1858.
- Claudio Zanier: Alla ricerca del seme perduto: sulla via della seta tra scienza e speculazione (1858-1862). FrancoAngeli, Milano 1993, ISBN 8820478641, 978-8820478643.
External links
- Debrauz, Alois, in: Constant von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 3. Vol, Vienna 1858, p. 188ff.
- Debrauz de Saldapenna, Alois, in Constant von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 24. Vol., Vienna 1872, p. 386.
- Debrauz Alois, Ritter von Saldapenna, Knights of the Austrian Order of the iron Crown, in: Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich. Manz, Vienna 1868, p. 66.
- Debrauz de Saldapenna, Officier de l'Ordre de la Légion-d'Honneur, in Almanach impérial pour 1867. 169. Jhg., Veuve Berger-Levrault et fils, Paris 1867, p. 367.
- Debrauz von Saldapenna, Ritter, Entry in: Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: Neues allgemeines Deutsches Adels-Lexikon. Vol. 2, Leipzig 1860, p. 430.
- Johann von Dobrauz, Entry in: F. Kemenovic v. Belofar and K. F. Kurz: Geschichte der Pionier-Kadetten und deren Schulen 1811-1911. Vienna 1912, p. 317.
- Dobrauz-Saldapenna family webpage.
- Entry Debrauz (Dobrauz) di Saldapenna it Austrian Family Register.
