Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
Encyclopedia
Louis I de Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame (Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, 1279 – January 29, 1342) was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon
.
and grandson of King Louis IX of France
. Louis' mother was Beatrix of Burgundy, heiress of Bourbon and a granddaughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
.
He fought on the losing side in both the Battle of the Golden Spurs
(1302) and the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle
(1304), but managed to escape unharmed. In 1310, he was made Grand Chambrier of France. In 1327, Charles IV of France
persuaded him to exchange the County of Clermont for that of La Marche, and elevated Bourbon to a duchy-peerage
. However, Clermont was restored to him by Philip VI of France
in 1331. He belonged to Philip VI's small circle of trusted advisors.
Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable, in particular suffering from nervous breakdowns. The trait is believed to have been hereditary, with his granddaughter Joanna of Bourbon
, her son, King Charles VI of France
, and Charles' grandson, King Henry VI of England
, all displaying similar symptoms.
, daughter of John II of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut and Holland
by Philippa of Luxembourg
. They had eight children:
Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon...
.
Life
Louis was the son of Robert, Count of ClermontRobert, Count of Clermont
Robert of France was made Count of Clermont in 1268. He was son of King Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence...
and grandson of King Louis IX of France
Louis IX of France
Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
. Louis' mother was Beatrix of Burgundy, heiress of Bourbon and a granddaughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Hugh IV of Burgundy was duke of Burgundy between 1218 and 1271. Hugh was the only son of duke Odo III and Alice of Vergy...
.
He fought on the losing side in both the Battle of the Golden Spurs
Battle of the Golden Spurs
The Battle of the Golden Spurs, known also as the Battle of Courtrai was fought on July 11, 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders...
(1302) and the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle
Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle
The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle was fought on 18 August 1304 between the French and the Flemish. The French were led by King Philip IV the Fair in person.- Prelude :...
(1304), but managed to escape unharmed. In 1310, he was made Grand Chambrier of France. In 1327, Charles IV of France
Charles IV of France
Charles IV, known as the Fair , was the King of France and of Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: he was the last French king of the senior Capetian lineage....
persuaded him to exchange the County of Clermont for that of La Marche, and elevated Bourbon to a duchy-peerage
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
. However, Clermont was restored to him by Philip VI of France
Philip VI of France
Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328...
in 1331. He belonged to Philip VI's small circle of trusted advisors.
Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable, in particular suffering from nervous breakdowns. The trait is believed to have been hereditary, with his granddaughter Joanna of Bourbon
Joanna of Bourbon
Joanna of Bourbon was consort to Charles V of France.Born in Vincennes, Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois, a half-sister of Philip VI of France as the daughter of Charles of Valois and his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon.-Family:Joanna gave birth to nine...
, her son, King Charles VI of France
Charles VI of France
Charles VI , called the Beloved and the Mad , was the King of France from 1380 to 1422, as a member of the House of Valois. His bouts with madness, which seem to have begun in 1392, led to quarrels among the French royal family, which were exploited by the neighbouring powers of England and Burgundy...
, and Charles' grandson, King Henry VI of England
Henry VI of England
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
, all displaying similar symptoms.
Family and children
In 1310, Louis married Mary of AvesnesMary of Avesnes
Marie of Hainaut was the daughter of John II, Count of Holland and Philippa of Luxembourg, her brother was William I, Count of Hainaut.- Family :...
, daughter of John II of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut and Holland
Count of Holland
The Counts of Holland ruled over the County of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century.-House of Holland:The first count of Holland, Dirk I, was the son or foster-son of Gerolf, Count in Frisia...
by Philippa of Luxembourg
Philippa of Luxembourg
Philippa of Luxembourg was the daughter of Count Henry V of Luxembourg and his wife Marguerite of Bar. She married John II, Count of Holland...
. They had eight children:
- Peter I, Duke of BourbonPeter I, Duke of BourbonPeter I of Bourbon was the second Duke of Bourbon, from 1342 to his death.Peter was son of Louis I of Bourbon, whom he also succeeded as Grand Chamberlain of France, and Mary of Avesnes....
(1311–1356), married Isabella of ValoisIsabella of Valois, Duchess of BourbonIsabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon or Isabella of France , was a French noblewoman, and a daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon. She was the wife of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon...
, had issue. Peter was killed at the Battle of PoitiersBattle of Poitiers (1356)The Battle of Poitiers was fought between the Kingdoms of England and France on 19 September 1356 near Poitiers, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years' War: Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt.... - Joanna (1312–1402), married in 1324 Guigues VII, Count of Forez
- Margaret (1313–1362), married on July 6, 1320 Jean II de Sully, married in 1346 Hutin de Vermeilles
- Marie of Bourbon, Latin Empress (1315–1387, NaplesNaplesNaples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
), married first in NicosiaNicosiaNicosia from , known locally as Lefkosia , is the capital and largest city in Cyprus, as well as its main business center. Nicosia is the only divided capital in the world, with the southern and the northern portions divided by a Green Line...
in January 1330 Guy of Lusignan (d. 1343), titular Prince of Galilee, married second on September 9, 1347 Robert of TarantoRobert of TarantoRobert II of Taranto , of the Angevin family, Prince of Taranto , King of Albania , Prince of Achaea , Titular Emperor of Constantinople ....
, the titular Latin Emperor. Only her first marriage produced surviving children. - Philip (1316 – aft. 1327)
- James (1318)
- James I, Count of La MarcheJames I, Count of La MarcheJames of Bourbon-La Marche was the son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and Mary of Avesnes. He was Count of Ponthieu from 1351 to 1360, and Count of La Marche from 1356 to his death.-Hundred Years War:...
(1319 – 1362), killed at the Battle of BrignaisBattle of BrignaisThe Battle of Brignais was fought on 6 April 1362, between forces of the Kingdom of France under Jacques de Bourbon and the Free Companies, led by Petit Meschin and Seguin de Badefol...
, from whom the later royal BourbonHouse of BourbonThe House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
s descend. - Beatrice of BourbonBeatrice of Bourbon (1320-1383)Beatrice of Bourbon was a French noblewoman member of the House of Bourbon and by marriage Queen of Bohemia and Countess of Luxembourg.She was the youngest daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and Mary of Avesnes.-Marriage:...
(1320 – December 23, 1383, Danvillers), married first at VincennesVincennesVincennes is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.-History:...
in 1334 John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia as his second wife, married secondly c. 1347 Eudes II of Grancey (d. 1389)