Lu Dingyi
Encyclopedia
Lu Dingyi was a former leader of the Communist Party of China
. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China
and before the Cultural Revolution
, he was credited as one of the top officials in socialist culture.
in 1925, while he was studying electrical engineering
at the University of Nanjing. After graduation, he fully joined revolutionary activities, being mainly involved in the Communist Youth League
, writing articles for its newspaper Chinese Youth (later renamed Proletarian Youth and then Leninist Youth). In 1927 he took part at both the 5th CPC National Congress
and the CYL Congress, being elected a member of the CYL Central Committee working with its Propaganda Department. He was actively involved in countering Chiang Kai-shek
's anti-communist coup, organizing communist unities in Guangdong
. In 1928 Lu Dingyi took part at the 6th CPC National Congress
and the CYL Congress, both of which were held in Moscow
, remaining in the Soviet Union
until 1930 as a junior representative of the CYL to the Comintern
.
Lu Dingyi then returned in China
and participated at the Long March
as an editor of the Red Star newspaper. He also worked with the Propaganda Department of the Eight Route Army, and was a member of the CPC Propaganda Department starting from 1934. In 1942 he was promoted to chief editor of the Liberation Daily after his predecessor Yang Song
fell ill.
During the "Yan'an
Rectification Movement", Lu Dingyi wrote Our basic view for journalism, which was considered the basis for Chinese communist journalism. In 1943 he was appointed head of the CPC Central Propaganda Department, a post he held until 1952 and then again from 1954. He was elected CPC Central Committee
member in 1945.
A political commissar in the PLA, Lu Dingyi gave important contributions to the revolutionary struggle in Shaanxi
along with other top leaders like Mao Zedong
, Zhou Enlai
and Ren Bishi
, according to his official biography.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China
, Lu Dingyi was deputy chairman of the Culture and Education Committee of the Central People's Government
from 1949 and member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
from 1954. At the 8th Party Congress in 1956, he was re-elected a CPC Central Committee member and promoted to Politburo
alternate member, concurrently serving as secretary of the CPC Secretariat from 1962. In 1957 and 1960, he accompanied major Party leaders Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi
and Deng Xiaoping
to international meetings of communist parties held in Moscow. His main political activity was in the cultural front, as he directed cultural criticism campaigns.
In 1959 he was appointed a Vice Premier of the State Council
, and Minister of Culture
in 1965. Shortly after, the Cultural Revolution
broke out and Lu Dingyi was accused of being a promoter of the reactionary line in culture, since he didn't adhere to Mao Zedong's idea that culture should extensively serve proletarian politics. In May
1966 he was accused of being part of the "Peng-Luo-Lu-Yang anti-Party clique" (the others being Peng Dehuai
, Luo Ruiqing
and Yang Shangkun
) and dismissed. He was also criticised for his activity in the Five Man Group
, a Central Committee agency in charge of leading the first stages of the Cultural Revolution led by Peng Zhen
, another purged official. He was detained for nearly 13 years.
Lu Dingyi was rehabilitated by the new leadership headed by Deng Xiaoping
. In 1979 he was co-opted in the Fifth CPPCC National Committee
as its vice-chairman; in the same year, he was co-opted in the CPC Central Committee as a consultant to the Propaganda Department. He was later a member of the Central Advisory Commission
.
Lu Dingyi died in Beijing
in 1996, several years after his retirement. He was hailed as an outstanding Party member and promoter of socialist culture. His knowledge of the English language
also allowed him to translate the conversations between Mao Zedong and Anna Louise Strong
.
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Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
and before the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
, he was credited as one of the top officials in socialist culture.
Biography
Lu Dingyi joined the Communist Party of ChinaCommunist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
in 1925, while he was studying electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
at the University of Nanjing. After graduation, he fully joined revolutionary activities, being mainly involved in the Communist Youth League
Communist Youth League
The Communist Youth League of China also known as the China Youth League is a youth movement of the People's Republic of China for youth between the ages of fourteen and twenty-eight, run by Communist Party of China. The league is organized on the party pattern. Its leader is its First Secretary...
, writing articles for its newspaper Chinese Youth (later renamed Proletarian Youth and then Leninist Youth). In 1927 he took part at both the 5th CPC National Congress
National Congress of the Communist Party of China
The National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a party congress that is held about once every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Communist Party of China, but in practice important decisions are made before the meeting. Since 1987 the National...
and the CYL Congress, being elected a member of the CYL Central Committee working with its Propaganda Department. He was actively involved in countering Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
's anti-communist coup, organizing communist unities in Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
. In 1928 Lu Dingyi took part at the 6th CPC National Congress
National Congress of the Communist Party of China
The National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a party congress that is held about once every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Communist Party of China, but in practice important decisions are made before the meeting. Since 1987 the National...
and the CYL Congress, both of which were held in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, remaining in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
until 1930 as a junior representative of the CYL to the Comintern
Comintern
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern, also known as the Third International, was an international communist organization initiated in Moscow during March 1919...
.
Lu Dingyi then returned in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and participated at the Long March
Long March
The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south...
as an editor of the Red Star newspaper. He also worked with the Propaganda Department of the Eight Route Army, and was a member of the CPC Propaganda Department starting from 1934. In 1942 he was promoted to chief editor of the Liberation Daily after his predecessor Yang Song
Yang Song
Yang Song is a fictional character in Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He was an advisor to the warlord Zhang Lu of Hanzhong...
fell ill.
During the "Yan'an
Yan'an
Yan'an , is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China, administering several counties, including Zhidan County , which served as the Chinese communist capital before the city of Yan'an proper took that role....
Rectification Movement", Lu Dingyi wrote Our basic view for journalism, which was considered the basis for Chinese communist journalism. In 1943 he was appointed head of the CPC Central Propaganda Department, a post he held until 1952 and then again from 1954. He was elected CPC Central Committee
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China. Its approximately 350 members and alternates are selected once every five years by the National Party Congress....
member in 1945.
A political commissar in the PLA, Lu Dingyi gave important contributions to the revolutionary struggle in Shaanxi
Shaanxi
' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province...
along with other top leaders like Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
, Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
and Ren Bishi
Ren Bishi
Ren Bishi was a rising figure in the Chinese Communist Party until his death at the age of 46. He was born in Hunan and was ranked 5th in the 7th Politburo of the Communist Party of China.-References:...
, according to his official biography.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, Lu Dingyi was deputy chairman of the Culture and Education Committee of the Central People's Government
Central People's Government
The Central People's Government is the central government of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. According to the 1982 Constitution, "Central People's Government" is synonymous with the State Council.-History:...
from 1949 and member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is a committee of about 150 members of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China , which is convened between plenary sessions of the NPC. It has the constitutional authority to modify legislation within limits set by...
from 1954. At the 8th Party Congress in 1956, he was re-elected a CPC Central Committee member and promoted to Politburo
Politburo of the Communist Party of China
The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China or Political bureau of the CPC Central Committee , formerly as Central Bureau before 1927, is a group of 24 people who oversee the Communist Party of China...
alternate member, concurrently serving as secretary of the CPC Secretariat from 1962. In 1957 and 1960, he accompanied major Party leaders Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi was a Chinese revolutionary, statesman, and theorist. He was Chairman of the People's Republic of China, China's head of state, from 27 April 1959 to 31 October 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China...
and Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
to international meetings of communist parties held in Moscow. His main political activity was in the cultural front, as he directed cultural criticism campaigns.
In 1959 he was appointed a Vice Premier of the State Council
Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
The Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China is a high-ranking executive assistant to the Premier. There is a First-ranking Vice Premier , sometimes called Executive Vice Premier wrongly by the non-official media. It is an informal title and takes over duties of the...
, and Minister of Culture
Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China
The Ministry of Culture is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for culture policy and activities in the country, including managing national museums and monuments; Astroturfing and promoting government policies; promoting and protecting the arts The...
in 1965. Shortly after, the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
broke out and Lu Dingyi was accused of being a promoter of the reactionary line in culture, since he didn't adhere to Mao Zedong's idea that culture should extensively serve proletarian politics. In May
May
May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days.May is a month of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere and spring in the Northern Hemisphere...
1966 he was accused of being part of the "Peng-Luo-Lu-Yang anti-Party clique" (the others being Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai was a prominent military leader of the Communist Party of China, and China's Defence Minister from 1954 to 1959. Peng was an important commander during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese civil war and was also the commander-in-chief of People's Volunteer Army in the Korean War...
, Luo Ruiqing
Luo Ruiqing
-Biography:Luo Ruiqing was born in Nanchong, Sichuan in 1906. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1928. He was the eldest son of a wealthy landlord named Luo Chunting , who had a total of six kids...
and Yang Shangkun
Yang Shangkun
Yang Shangkun was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission...
) and dismissed. He was also criticised for his activity in the Five Man Group
Five Man Group
The Five Man Group was an organisation established in the People's Republic of China in early 1965 to oversee the beginnings of the Cultural Revolution. The group was led by Peng Zhen , the fifth most senior member of the Politburo...
, a Central Committee agency in charge of leading the first stages of the Cultural Revolution led by Peng Zhen
Peng Zhen
Peng Zhen was a leading member of the Communist Party of China.-Biography:Born in Houma , Peng was originally named Fu Maogong....
, another purged official. He was detained for nearly 13 years.
Lu Dingyi was rehabilitated by the new leadership headed by Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
. In 1979 he was co-opted in the Fifth CPPCC National Committee
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [], shortened as 人民政协, Rénmín Zhèngxié, i.e. "People's PCC"; or just 政协, Zhèngxié, i.e. "The PCC"), abbreviated CPPCC, is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China...
as its vice-chairman; in the same year, he was co-opted in the CPC Central Committee as a consultant to the Propaganda Department. He was later a member of the Central Advisory Commission
Central Advisory Commission
Central Advisory Commission of People's Republic of China provided "political assistance and consultation" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ....
.
Lu Dingyi died in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
in 1996, several years after his retirement. He was hailed as an outstanding Party member and promoter of socialist culture. His knowledge of the English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
also allowed him to translate the conversations between Mao Zedong and Anna Louise Strong
Anna Louise Strong
Anna Louise Strong was a twentieth-century American journalist and activist, best known for her reporting on and support for communist movements in the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.-Early years:...
.
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