Lucinidae is a family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of saltwater clam

Clam

The word "clam" can be applied to freshwater mussels, and other freshwater bivalves, as well as marine bivalves.In the United States, "clam" can be used in several different ways: one, as a general term covering all bivalve molluscs...

s, marine

Marine (ocean)

Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 bivalve molluscs.

These bivalves are remarkable for their endosymbiosis with sulphide-oxidizing bacteria

Bacteria

Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...

.

Characteristics

The members of this family are found in muddy sand or gravel at or below low tide mark. They have characteristically rounded shells with forward-facing projections. The valves are flattened and etched with concentric rings. Each valve bears two cardinal and two plate-like lateral teeth. These molluscs do not have siphons but the extremely long foot makes a channel which is then lined with slime and serves for the intake and expulsion of water.

Genera and species

The species and genera include:

• Alucinoma Habe, 1958
  • Alucinoma soyae Habe, 1958
• Anodontia Link, 1807
  • Anodontia alba
    Anodontia alba
    Anodontia alba, or the buttercup lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies....
    
    Link, 1807 — buttercup lucine
  • Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Anodontia edentuloides (Verrill
    Addison Emery Verrill
    Addison Emery Verrill was an American zoologist. He was a student of Louis Agassiz at Harvard University and graduated in 1862...
    
    , 1870)
  • Anodontia hawaiensis (Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938)
  • Anodontia ovum (Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve was an English conchologist.Lovell Augustus Reeve was initially apprenticed to a grocer of Ludgate Hill between 1827 and '34...
    
    , 1850)
  • Anodontia philippiana
    Anodontia philippiana
    Anodontia philippiana, or the chalky buttercup, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies and Bermuda....
    
    (Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve was an English conchologist.Lovell Augustus Reeve was initially apprenticed to a grocer of Ludgate Hill between 1827 and '34...
    
    , 1850) — chalky buttercup
  • Anodontia vesicula (Gould
    Augustus Addison Gould
    Augustus Addison Gould was an American conchologist and malacologist.-Biography:...
    
    , 1850)
• Bretskya Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Bretskya scapula Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Cardiolucina
  • Cardiolucina undula Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Chavania
  • Chavania striata (Tokunaga, 1906)
• Codakia Scopoli
  Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
  Giovanni Antonio Scopoli was an Italian physician and naturalist.-Biography:...
  
  , 1777
  • Codakia costata
    Codakia costata
    Codakia costata, or the costate lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies....
    
    (d'Orbigny, 1842) — costate lucine
  • Codakia cubana Dall, 1901
  • Codakia decussata (O. G. Costa, 1836)
  • Codakia distinguenda (Tryon, 1872)
  • Codakia orbicularis
    Codakia orbicularis
    Codakia orbicularis, or the tiger lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Florida to the West Indies....
    
    (Linnaeus, 1758) — tiger lucine
  • Codakia orbiculata
    Codakia orbiculata
    Codakia orbiculata, or the dwarf tiger lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies....
    
    (Montagu, 1808) — dwarf tiger lucine
  • Codakia paytenorum (Iredale
    Tom Iredale
    Tom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
    
    , 1937)
  • Codakia pectinella (C. B. Adams, 1852)
  • Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Codakia tigerina (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Ctena Mörch
  Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch
  Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch was a biologist, specifically a malacologist. He lived in Sweden, in Denmark, and in France.- Taxa described :Bibliography and taxa described by Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch include:...
  
  , 1860
  • Ctena bella (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1837)
  • Ctena transversa
• Divalinga Chavan, 1951
  • Divalinga quadrisulcata (d'Orbigny, 1842)
• Divaricella von Martens, 1880
  • Divaricella angulifera (d'Orbigny, 1842)
  • Divaricella dentata
    Divaricella dentata
    Divaricella dentata, or the dentate lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the coast of the West Indies....
    
    (W. Wood, 1815) — dentate lucine
  • Divaricella divaricata
  • Divaricella huttoniana (Vanatta, 1901)
  • Divaricella quadrisulcata
    Divaricella quadrisulcata
    Divaricella quadrisulcata, or the cross-hatched lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Massachusetts to the West Indies....
    
    (d'Orbigny, 1842) — cross-hatched lucine
• Epicodakia Iredale
  Tom Iredale
  Tom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
  
  , 1930
  • Epicodakia neozelanica Powell
    Arthur William Baden Powell
    Dr Arthur William Baden Powell CBE was a New Zealand malacologist, naturalist and palaeontologist, a major influence in the study and classification of New Zealand molluscs through much of the twentieth century. He was known to his friends and family by his third name, "Baden".Powell was born at...
    
    , 1937
  • Epicodakia nodulosa Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Epicodakia sweeti (Hedley
    Charles Hedley
    Charles Hedley was a naturalist, active in Australia and winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal.-Early life:...
    
    , 1899)
• Epilucina Dall, 1901
  • Epilucina californica (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1837)
• Ferrocina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Ferrocina multiradiata Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Fimbria (traditionally placed in the separate family Fimbriidae
  Fimbriidae
  Fimbriidae is a family of Bivalves. Some modern studies indicate that Fimbriidae should be included in the family Lucinidae. The family contains one recent genus Fimbria with two known species.-Genera and species:...
  
  )
  • Fimbria fimbriata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Fimbria soverbii (Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve was an English conchologist.Lovell Augustus Reeve was initially apprenticed to a grocer of Ludgate Hill between 1827 and '34...
    
    , 1842)
• Funafutia
  • Funafutia levukana (Smith, 1885)
• Gonimyrtea Marwick
  John Marwick
  John Marwick MM was a New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist.John Marwick was born near Oamaru, New Zealand, on 3 February 1891, the son of Hugh Marwick, and his wife, Jane née Cuthbert. While at Waitaki Boys' High School he helped to collect fossil shells and learned the beginnings of how to...
  
  , 1929
  • Gonimyrtea avia Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Gonimyrtea concinna (Hutton
    Frederick Wollaston Hutton
    Captain Frederick Wollaston Hutton, FRS, was an English scientist who applied the theory of natural selection to explain the origins and nature of the natural history of New Zealand.- Biography :...
    
    , 1885)
  • Gonimyrtea fidelis Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Here Gabb, 1866
  • Here excavata (Carpenter
    Phillip Pearsall Carpenter
    Philip Pearsall Carpenter Rev. Dr. , who in 1841, was ordained Presbyterian minister in England, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1860, and whose field work as a malacologist or conchologist in North America is still well regarded today...
    
    , 1857)
  • Here ricthofeni (Gabb, 1866)
• Lepidolucina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Lepidolucina belepia Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Leucosphaera Taylor & Glover, 2005
  • Leucosphaera diaphana Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Leucosphaera salamensis (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)
• Linga De Gregorio, 1884
  • Linga amiantus (Dall
    W. H. Dall
    William Healey Dall was an American naturalist, a prominent malacologist, and one of the earliest scientific explorers of interior Alaska...
    
    , 1886)
  • Linga cancellaris (Philippi
    Rodolfo Amando Philippi
    Rodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
    
    , 1846)
  • Linga columbella Lamarck
    Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
    Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
    
    , 1819
  • Linga excavata (Carpenter
    Phillip Pearsall Carpenter
    Philip Pearsall Carpenter Rev. Dr. , who in 1841, was ordained Presbyterian minister in England, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1860, and whose field work as a malacologist or conchologist in North America is still well regarded today...
    
    , 1857)
  • Linga leucocyma Dall, 1886
  • Linga leucocymoides (Lowe, 1935)
  • Linga pensylvanica (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Linga sombrerensis (Dall
    W. H. Dall
    William Healey Dall was an American naturalist, a prominent malacologist, and one of the earliest scientific explorers of interior Alaska...
    
    , 1886)
  • Linga undatoides (Hertlein
    Leo George Hertlein
    Leo George Hertlein was an American paleontologist and malacologist who studied the Recent and fossil mollusks of the eastern Pacific Ocean.Hertlein was born on a farm in Pratt County, Kansas...
    
     and Strong, 1945)
• Liralucina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Liralucina craticula Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Liralucina lifouina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Liralucina sperabilis (Hedley
    Charles Hedley
    Charles Hedley was a naturalist, active in Australia and winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal.-Early life:...
    
    , 1909)
  • Liralucina vaubani Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Loripes Poli, 1791
  • Loripes lucinalis (Lamarck, 1818)
• Lucina Bruguière, [1797]
  • Lucina amiantus
    Lucina amiantus
    Lucina amiantus, or the decorated lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies and Brazil....
    
    (Dall, 1901) — decorated lucine
  • Lucina bermudensis Dall, 1901
  • Lucina excavata
  • Lucina fenestrata Hinds, 1845
  • Lucina floridana Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1833
  • Lucina keenae Chavan, 1971
  • Lucina leucocyma
    Lucina leucocyma
    Lucina leucocyma, or the saw-toothed pen shell, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies....
    
    Dall, 1886 — four-ribbed lucine
  • Lucina muricata (Spengler
    Lorenz Spengler
    Lorenz Spengler was a Swiss-born Danish turner and naturalist.He arrived at Copenhagen in 1743. He was a tutor to Christian VI of Denmark and later Frederick V of Denmark in the art of turning. From 1771 he was head of the Royal Art Chamber , a position he held until his death in...
    
    , 1798)
  • Lucina nassula (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1846)
  • Lucina nuttalli (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1791)
  • Lucina pectinata (Gmelin
    Johann Friedrich Gmelin
    Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
    
    , 1791)
  • Lucina pensylvanica
    Lucina pensylvanica
    Lucina pensylvanica, or the Pennsylvania lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies....
    
    (Linnaeus, 1758) — Pennsylvania lucine
  • Lucina radians (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1841)
  • Lucina sombrerensis Dall, 1886
  • Lucina trisulcata Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1841
• Lucinella Monterosato, 1883
  • Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lucinisca Dall, 1901
  • Lucinisca muricata (Spengler
    Lorenz Spengler
    Lorenz Spengler was a Swiss-born Danish turner and naturalist.He arrived at Copenhagen in 1743. He was a tutor to Christian VI of Denmark and later Frederick V of Denmark in the art of turning. From 1771 he was head of the Royal Art Chamber , a position he held until his death in...
    
    , 1798)
  • Lucinisca nassula (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1846)
  • Lucinisca nuttalli (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1837)
• Lucinoma Dall, 1901
  • Lucinoma aequizonatum (Stearns, 1890)
  • Lucinoma annulatum (Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve
    Lovell Augustus Reeve was an English conchologist.Lovell Augustus Reeve was initially apprenticed to a grocer of Ludgate Hill between 1827 and '34...
    
    , 1850)
  • Lucinoma atlantis R. A. Mclean, 1936
  • Lucinoma blakeanum (Bush, 1893)
  • Lucinoma borealis
  • Lucinoma filosa (Stimpson, 1851)
  • Lucinoma filosum (Stimpson, 1851)
  • Lucinoma galathea Marwick
    John Marwick
    John Marwick MM was a New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist.John Marwick was born near Oamaru, New Zealand, on 3 February 1891, the son of Hugh Marwick, and his wife, Jane née Cuthbert. While at Waitaki Boys' High School he helped to collect fossil shells and learned the beginnings of how to...
    
    , 1953)
  • Lucinoma heroica (Dall, 1901)
  • Lucinoma kazani
• Myrtea Turton
  William Turton
  William Turton was a British naturalist.Turton was born at Olveston, Gloucestershire and was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He commenced in practice at Swansea, but devoted his leisure time to natural history, especially conchology...
  
  , 1822
  • Myrtea compressa (Dall, 1881)
  • Myrtea lens (A. E. Verrill and S. Smith, 1880)
  • Myrtea pristiphora Dall and Simpson, 1901
  • Myrtea sagrinata (Dall, 1886)
  • Myrtea spinifera Montagu, 1803
• Myrtina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Myrtina leptolira Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Myrtina porcata Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Notomyrtea Iredale
  Tom Iredale
  Tom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
  
  , 1924
  • Notomyrtea botanica Hedley
    Charles Hedley
    Charles Hedley was a naturalist, active in Australia and winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal.-Early life:...
    
    , 1918
  • Notomyrtea vincentia Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Parvidontia Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Parvidontia laevis Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Parvilucina Dall, 1901
  • Parvilucina approximata (Dall, 1901)
  • Parvilucina blanda (Bland and Simpson, 1901)
  • Parvilucina costata (d'Orbigny, 1842)
  • Parvilucina lampra (Dall, 1901)
  • Parvilucina lingualis (Carpenter
    Phillip Pearsall Carpenter
    Philip Pearsall Carpenter Rev. Dr. , who in 1841, was ordained Presbyterian minister in England, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1860, and whose field work as a malacologist or conchologist in North America is still well regarded today...
    
    , 1864)
  • Parvilucina mazatlanica (Carpenter
    Phillip Pearsall Carpenter
    Philip Pearsall Carpenter Rev. Dr. , who in 1841, was ordained Presbyterian minister in England, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1860, and whose field work as a malacologist or conchologist in North America is still well regarded today...
    
    , 1855)
  • Parvilucina multilineata (Tuomey and Holmes, 1857)
  • Parvilucina tenuisculpta (Carpenter
    Phillip Pearsall Carpenter
    Philip Pearsall Carpenter Rev. Dr. , who in 1841, was ordained Presbyterian minister in England, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1860, and whose field work as a malacologist or conchologist in North America is still well regarded today...
    
    , 1864)
• Pillucina Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry
  Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
  
  , 1921
  • Pillucina copiosa Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Pillucina hawaiiensis
  • Pillucina spaldingi Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...
    
    , 1921
  • Pillucina pacifica Glover & Taylor, 2001
• Poumea Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Poumea coselia Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Pseudomiltha
  • Pseudomiltha floridana (Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad
    Timothy Abbott Conrad was an American geologist, malacologist and carcinologist.- External links :* at Internet Archive...
    
    , 1833)
  • Pseudomiltha tixierae Klein, 1967
• Solelucina Glover & Taylor, 2007
  • Solelucina koumacia Glover & Taylor, 2007
• Wallucina
  • Wallucina fijiensis (Smith, 1885)