Lucy Covington
Encyclopedia
Lucy Friedlander Covington (November 24, 1910 – September 20, 1982) was a Native American
tribal leader and political activist. She was a member of the Colville
tribe which has a reservation in north-western Washington State. Covington was the granddaughter of the last Colville chief (Chief Moses) to be acknowledged by the tribe.
became the governmental policy when dealing with Indians, and officials were describing the procedure as "Indian emancipation from oppressive supervision." However, the reality of the situation was much darker because termination would entail the loss of tribal land which was essential to Colville and Native American Identity. When the termination bill for the Colville was proposed, Covington saw that her tribe was in danger of losing what she viewed as the Indian’s most vital asset. Through the use of self-determination she waged a war on the government and the termination bill.
One problem Covington faced from the beginning of her struggle was the fact that many tribal members thought that termination would be “modern and productive.” She had been on the tribal council since 1956, and many other members favored termination. Instead of giving in to governmental pressure, Covington went to great lengths to protect tribal lands. She sold some of her cattle (a vital component of her livelihood considering she lived on a ranch), and used the money to fund her repeated trips to Washington, D.C. where she fought to prevent Senator Henry M. Jackson
of Washington from passing the termination bill.
Covington utilized unique methods and strategies to gain support for her cause. With her magnetic personality, she organized younger members in the tribe to assist in her efforts, and even helped create a Colville newspaper titled Our Heritage. This helped raise awareness for her campaign and also stood as a dedication to Indian culture. Whenever a tribal council member would present an outline for termination to Congress, Covington protested, and in 1968, she created an anti-termination platform for the tribal election. She enlisted the help of the Menominee
leader Jim White to speak to her tribe about the actual effects of termination, and after all of her lobbying, anti-termination advocates won a majority of the seats in the election.
Covington had successfully changed her tribal mindset, and the new council stamped out the termination bill for good in 1971. Through individual activism and determination, Covington helped keep Colville tribal sovereignty intact, and her persistence halted the liquidation and dismemberment of the Colville reservation.
and other civil rights leaders) engendered a shift of U.S. policy from termination to independence and autonomy. When she was seventy-one years old, Lucy Covington died of pulmonary fibrosis
.
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...
tribal leader and political activist. She was a member of the Colville
Colville (tribe)
The Colville tribe is a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest. The name Colville comes from association with Fort Colville, named after Andrew Colvile of the Hudson's Bay Company...
tribe which has a reservation in north-western Washington State. Covington was the granddaughter of the last Colville chief (Chief Moses) to be acknowledged by the tribe.
Political activism
In the 1950’s, terminationIndian termination policy
Indian termination was the policy of the United States from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. The belief was that Native Americans would be better off if assimilated as individuals into mainstream American society. To that end, Congress proposed to end the special relationship between tribes and the...
became the governmental policy when dealing with Indians, and officials were describing the procedure as "Indian emancipation from oppressive supervision." However, the reality of the situation was much darker because termination would entail the loss of tribal land which was essential to Colville and Native American Identity. When the termination bill for the Colville was proposed, Covington saw that her tribe was in danger of losing what she viewed as the Indian’s most vital asset. Through the use of self-determination she waged a war on the government and the termination bill.
One problem Covington faced from the beginning of her struggle was the fact that many tribal members thought that termination would be “modern and productive.” She had been on the tribal council since 1956, and many other members favored termination. Instead of giving in to governmental pressure, Covington went to great lengths to protect tribal lands. She sold some of her cattle (a vital component of her livelihood considering she lived on a ranch), and used the money to fund her repeated trips to Washington, D.C. where she fought to prevent Senator Henry M. Jackson
Henry M. Jackson
Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson was a U.S. Congressman and Senator from the state of Washington from 1941 until his death...
of Washington from passing the termination bill.
Covington utilized unique methods and strategies to gain support for her cause. With her magnetic personality, she organized younger members in the tribe to assist in her efforts, and even helped create a Colville newspaper titled Our Heritage. This helped raise awareness for her campaign and also stood as a dedication to Indian culture. Whenever a tribal council member would present an outline for termination to Congress, Covington protested, and in 1968, she created an anti-termination platform for the tribal election. She enlisted the help of the Menominee
Menominee
Some placenames use other spellings, see also Menomonee and Menomonie.The Menominee are a nation of Native Americans living in Wisconsin. The Menominee, along with the Ho-Chunk, are the only tribes that are indigenous to what is now Wisconsin...
leader Jim White to speak to her tribe about the actual effects of termination, and after all of her lobbying, anti-termination advocates won a majority of the seats in the election.
Covington had successfully changed her tribal mindset, and the new council stamped out the termination bill for good in 1971. Through individual activism and determination, Covington helped keep Colville tribal sovereignty intact, and her persistence halted the liquidation and dismemberment of the Colville reservation.
Legacy
After the termination struggle, Covington “worked with characteristic determination to protect tribal rights and resources, develop tribal services, govern the reservation for the benefit of tribe members, and promote inter tribal cooperation.” Not only was she an example of Native American self-determination in action, she was a founder of the movement itself, and her efforts (along with Ada DeerAda Deer
Ada Deer is a Native American advocate and scholar who served as head of the United States' Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1993 to 1997.-Background:A member of the Menominee tribe, Deer was born in Keshena, Wisconsin...
and other civil rights leaders) engendered a shift of U.S. policy from termination to independence and autonomy. When she was seventy-one years old, Lucy Covington died of pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is the formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in the lungs. It is also described as "scarring of the lung".-Symptoms:Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly:...
.