Ludwig Karl Schmarda was an Austrian

Austrians

Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....

 naturalist

Natural science

The natural sciences are branches of science that seek to elucidate the rules that govern the natural world by using empirical and scientific methods...

 and traveler, born at Olmütz

Olomouc

Olomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. The city is located on the Morava river and is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia. Nowadays, it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic...

, Moravia

Moravia

Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...

. He studied in Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

 and in 1850 became professor

Professor

A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...

 at the University of Graz

University of Graz

The University of Graz , a university located in Graz, Austria, is the second-largest and second-oldest university in Austria....

, where he founded the Zoological Museum, and in 1852 at Prague

Prague

Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...

. In 1853–1857 he traveled around the world and in 1862 was appointed professor at the University of Vienna

University of Vienna

The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...

. For the government he investigated the industry of fisheries on the Austrian (1863–1865) and French (1868) coasts and, after having retired from service in 1883, visited Spain and the African coast in 1884, 1886, and 1887. His publications include:

• Andeutungen aus dem Seelenleben der Thiere (1846)
• Zur Naturgeschichte der Adria (1852)
• Die geographische Verbreitung der Thiere (1853)
• Zur Naturgeschichte Aegyptens (1854)
• Neue wirbellose Thiere (1859–1861)
• Reise um de Erde (1861)
• Zoologie (1871; second edition, 1877–1878), a textbook for higher institutions