Luhu class destroyer
Encyclopedia
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Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from...
s built by China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. There are currently two units in active service with the People's Liberation Army Navy
People's Liberation Army Navy
The People's Liberation Army Navy is the naval branch of the People's Liberation Army , the military of the People's Republic of China. Until the early 1990s, the navy performed a subordinate role to the PLA Land Forces. Since then, it has undergone rapid modernisation...
(PLAN
Plan
A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with timing and resources, used to achieve an objective. See also strategy. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal...
) with no plans of further construction of additional units.
History
Designed by the China Warship Design Institute (formerly the Seventh Academy of the Ministry of National Defense), the ships were built at JiangnanJiangnan
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of the Yangtze Delta...
Shipyard. No.112 Harbin was the first Luhu destroyer followed by No.113 Qingdao. The chief designer is academician Mr. Pan Jingfu (潘镜芙). The class is said to be the first indigenous Chinese warship design approaching modern standards, a significant improvement over the earlier Luda class
Luda class destroyer
The Type 051 destroyer missile destroyer was the first surface warfare oriented vessel ever designed and built in China, and the first Chinese ship to be fitted with an integrated combat direction system...
. The Luhu made extensive use of foreign technologies that were accessible to the PRC prior to the Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen Gate located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the third largest city square in the world...
incident of 1989. These included French-made radars and fire-control systems and the GE
Gê
Gê are the people who spoke Ge languages of the northern South American Caribbean coast and Brazil. In Brazil the Gê were found in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Piaui, Mato Grosso, Goias, Tocantins, Maranhão, and as far south as Paraguay....
LM2500 gas turbine
Gas turbine
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between....
engines from the U.S., two of which power each ship.
Even with incorporation of Western technology, the chronic lack of adequate ship-borne air defense system have had great impact on the PLAN
Plan
A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with timing and resources, used to achieve an objective. See also strategy. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal...
operations. Equipped with a small number of surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
s with visual-range only, and guns with limited range and performance, Chinese warships had historically limited their operations within the area covered by their land-based aircraft due to a lack of fleet defense capability. To rectify this trend, the Luhu destroyers (and the smaller Jiangwei class frigate
Jiangwei class frigate
The Type 053H2G and Type 053H3 were Chinese frigates that entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy in the 1990s and 2000s...
) were fitted with the HQ-7
HQ-7
The HongQi 7 or HQ-7 is a short-range air defense missile. The missile is deployed on both ships and land-based vehicles. China revealed the export version, FM-80, in the 1989 Dubai Aerospace Show...
SAM
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
that gives it much better air defense capability than any other previous Chinese design, though still limited to within visual range (WVR).
The HQ-7 SAM system is reported to be equipped with 8 ready to fire missiles, plus 16 stored in a semi-automatic reloader system. The same system is also used on the upgraded 051G Luda Destroyer.
In spite of the advances, the 052 Luhu Destroyer still suffers in some areas such as electronic warfare
Electronic warfare
Electronic warfare refers to any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of, and ensure friendly...
and electronic counter-measures.
The operational capability of the Luhu-class Destroyers has been called into question by naval analysts. Ship visits in 1997 allowed US Naval officers to board and inspect Luhu Destroyer No.112 Harbin and to take numerous photographs. Analysis of these photographs and reporting by officers present strongly suggested that the Luhu Destroyers were mainly intended as technology demonstration vessels rather than serious naval combatants. For example, the large amount of foreign-supplied equipment on-board was still labeled in the language of the country of origin; this was also the case with most of the on-board manuals and other documentation, calling into question the ability of the crew to operate efficiently under stressful circumstances when called upon to deal with equipment labeled in English, French, and Italian, as well as Chinese. Further, the various European systems installed were not originally designed to operate together and as a result were not well integrated; a problem the Chinese could not overcome owing to their lack of familiarity with the underlying technology.
The Chinese attempted to address these problems with the introduction of an improved Luhu design, the Luhai-class. This follow-on, essentially an enlarged Luhu, features some improved electronics from foreign suppliers as well as more advanced weapons. However, in some cases, the designers appear to have opted for less capable indigenous designs to ease the system integration issues suffered by the Luhu-class Destroyers. However, the PLAN was reportedly unhappy with the design of the Luhai-class Destroyers, and production ceased after a single unit was completed.
Ships in service
- 112 HarbinHarbinHarbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River...
- 113 QingdaoQingdao' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
- made first visit to New Zealand in April 1998 and Australia in May 1998.
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Specifications (post-refit)
- Unit cost - > 1 billion renminbiRenminbiThe Renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China . Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. It is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of the PRC...
yuanChinese yuanThe yuan is the base unit of a number of modern Chinese currencies. The yuan is the primary unit of account of the Renminbi.A yuán is also known colloquially as a kuài . One yuán is divided into 10 jiǎo or colloquially máo...
per ship by 1980's price - Propulsion CODOG config
- 112 Harbin - 2 General Electric LM2500General Electric LM2500-External links:* .* *...
gas-turbines, 55,000 hp (41 MW) + MTU FriedrichshafenMTU FriedrichshafenMTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909...
12V 1163TB83 diesel, 8,840 hp (6.5 MW) - 113 Qingdao - 2 x Ukraine GT-25000 gas turbines, 48,600 hp (35.7 MW) + MTU FriedrichshafenMTU FriedrichshafenMTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909...
12V 1163TB83 diesel, 8,840 hp (6.5 MW)
- 112 Harbin - 2 General Electric LM2500
- Length - 467.8 feet / 142.6 meter
- Beam - 49.5 feet / 15.3 meters
- Draft - 16.7 feet / 5 meters
- Displacement - 4,200 tons (standard), 4,800 tons (full load)
- Speed - 31 knots
- Endurance - 4,000 nm at 15 kt
- Crew - 260 (40 officers)
- C3I
- ZKJ-4B (development of Thomson-CSFThomson-CSFThomson-CSF was a major electronics and defence contractor. In December 2000 it was renamed Thales Group.-History:In 1879 Elihu Thomson and Edwin Houston formed the Thomson-Houston Electric Company in the United States....
TAVITAC information processing system, with reported speed of > 1 MPBS) - 2 x Type 630 (GDG-775) optronic directors
- Data linkData linkIn telecommunication a data link is the means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. It can also refer to a set of electronics assemblies, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver and the interconnecting data telecommunication circuit...
: HN-900 (Chinese equivalent of Link 11A/B, to be upgraded) - CommunicationCommunicationCommunication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
: SNTI-240 SATCOMSATCOMSATCOM or Satcom may refer to:* Short for Satellite Communications and used frequently in the context of VSAT * Communications satellites or comsats...
- ZKJ-4B (development of Thomson-CSF
- Radar/Sonar
- Thomson-CSFThomson-CSFThomson-CSF was a major electronics and defence contractor. In December 2000 it was renamed Thales Group.-History:In 1879 Elihu Thomson and Edwin Houston formed the Thomson-Houston Electric Company in the United States....
TSR 3004 (DRBV-15) Sea Tiger air/surface radarType 363 RadarThe Type 363 radar is often mistaken for Type 360 Radar. The main visual difference can be found on the antenna. The Type 360 has a lattice type array while the Type 363 has a single solid spine....
, E/F band (112 Harbin) - Type 360SType 360 RadarThe Type 360 is an air/surface search radar manufactured by Yangzhou Marine Electronic Instruments Research Institute / No. 723 Institute and is reportedly based on Selenia RAN-10S / SPS – 774...
(SR60) air/surface radar, E/F band (113 Qingdao) - Type 518Type 518 RadarThe Type 518 radar is high performance L band long range shipboard air surveillance radar. The Type 518 radar may be installed in destroyers or heavy tonnage naval vessels to detect long range high altitude aircraft in adverse natural noise and active electric jamming environments.The Type 518 have...
(REL-1/2) Hai Ying long-range 3D air search radar, L-band - Type 362Type 362 RadarThe Type 362 is an air/surface search radar and was first displayed at ASIANDEX 1988 and in its original guise have only been installed on the Luhu class DDG, Luda class DDG 166 and selected Jianghu FFGs....
(ESR-1) low-altitude air/surface search radar, I-band - Type 345Type 345 RadarThe Type 345 fire-control radar system is used to guide the HQ-7 short-range surface-to-air missile. The system is installed on many modern, and retrofitted Chinese navy ships....
(MR35) fire-control radar for HQ-7HQ-7The HongQi 7 or HQ-7 is a short-range air defense missile. The missile is deployed on both ships and land-based vehicles. China revealed the export version, FM-80, in the 1989 Dubai Aerospace Show...
Surface-to-air missileSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
system, J-band - Type 344Type 344 RadarThe Type 344 is a multifunctional fire control radar developed by the Xian Research Institute of Navigation Technology /XRINT/ No. 20th Research Institute....
(MR34) fire-control for YJ-8x SSM and 100 mm gun, I/J band - 2 x Type 347GType 347 RadarThe Type 347G "Rice Lamp" I-band fire-control radar is found on older Chinese Navy ships, in conjection with the Type 76A dual-37mm automatic AAA gun. Typically, the system includes 2 Type 347G fire-control radar with optical director, and 4 Type 76A guns...
(EFR-1) Rice Lamp fire-control radar for 37 mm AA guns, I-band - 2 x RacalDecca RadarThe Decca Company, a British gramophone manufacturer that, as Decca Records, released records under the Decca label, contributed to the British war effort during the Second World War...
RM-1290 navigation radar, I-band - DUBV-23 (SJD-8/9) medium-frequency hull-mounted radar
- DUBV-43 (ESS-1) towed medium-frequency VDS
- Thomson-CSF
- Armament
- 4 x quad YJ-83 (C-803) AShM box launchers
- 1 x 8-cell HQ-7HQ-7The HongQi 7 or HQ-7 is a short-range air defense missile. The missile is deployed on both ships and land-based vehicles. China revealed the export version, FM-80, in the 1989 Dubai Aerospace Show...
SAMSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
with 8 ready to fire missiles + 16 spare missiles - 1 x Type H/PJ33A dual 100 mm/56 caliber gunGunA gun is a muzzle or breech-loaded projectile-firing weapon. There are various definitions depending on the nation and branch of service. A "gun" may be distinguished from other firearms in being a crew-served weapon such as a howitzer or mortar, as opposed to a small arm like a rifle or pistol,...
- 4 x Type H/PJ76A dual 37 mm AA guns
- 2 x Type 7424 324 mm Yu-7 ASWAnti-submarine warfareAnti-submarine warfare is a branch of naval warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage or destroy enemy submarines....
torpedoTorpedoThe modern torpedo is a self-propelled missile weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with it or in proximity to it.The term torpedo was originally employed for...
tubes - 2 x Type 75 (RBU-1200) 240 mm 12-tube ASW rocket launchers
- Electronic Warfare and Countermeasures
- 1 x Type 984-1 ECM 'X' band jammer (transmitter)
- 1 x Type 984-4 ECM 'X' band jammer (receiver)
- 1 x Type 928A ESMESM-Science and technology:* Earth System Model, a highly advanced form of Global climate model* Election Stock Market* Electron Scanning Microscope* Electronic Support Measures, the military technique of tactical electronic intelligence gathering...
- 2 x Type 946 15-barrel chaff/decoy launcher
- Helicopter
- 2 x Kamov Ka-27 'Helix' or Harbin Z-9CHarbin Z-9|-See also:-External links:* * *...
(licensed copy of the Eurocopter Dauphin)
- 2 x Kamov Ka-27 'Helix' or Harbin Z-9C