Luke 4
Encyclopedia
Luke 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Luke
in the New Testament
of the Christian
Bible
. It details Jesus
's three temptations, his rejection at Nazareth
, and the start of his mission.
1 and Matthew
4, travels into the desert and fasts for forty days. He is confronted by Satan
, who tempts him with three things.
The first is that Satan commands him to turn stones into bread. Jesus replies "Man does not live on bread alone." (4), quoting Moses
from Deuteronomy 8:3
Secondly Satan shows him "... all the kingdoms of the world." (5) and tells Jesus he can have them all if he falls down and worships him. Jesus replies with a quote from Deuteronomy 6:13, "It is written: 'Worship the Lord your God and serve him only.'" (8)
Satan takes him to the top of the Temple of Jerusalem and quotes Psalm 91:11-12 as a criterion for a test of favor with God
, to which Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:16, "...Do not put the Lord your God to the test." (12).
This is also found in Matthew
4:1-11, but in Matthew the order of the second and third temptation are reversed. This was most probably in Q if that hypothesis
is correct; perhaps their copies of Q were in a different order? This difference in orders presents a challenge for redaction
al criticism. It is unclear whether in Q, if it existed, the order was originally the same as Luke's and Matthew changed it to have it end on a mountain, a common motif of Matthew, such as and , or Luke changed it to have the temptations end in Jerusalem. Luke ends the book in Jerusalem in . Most scholars believe Matthew's order was the order Q used. (Brown 236)
Luke then says that Satan left Jesus "...until an opportune time." (13). Satan appears later in Luke 22, entering Judas to make him betray Jesus and Brown (237) argues at Luke 22:53 when Jesus says to those arresting him "But this is your hour—when darkness reigns".
s, and on the Shabbat
he goes to his hometown of Nazareth
, gets up and reads a quote from Isaiah
61:1-2, referring to himself as the fulfillment of this. The people are amazed at this but Jesus goes on the rebuke them, saying "I tell you the truth...no prophet is accepted in his hometown." (24) He tells them how in the time of Elijah only a woman from Sidon
was saved, and during the time of Elisha
a Syrian was healed. Outraged, the people attack him and chase him to the top of a hill and try to throw him off, but Jesus slips away. There are many hills in and around Nazareth, indicating Luke is not unfamiliar with the area. This is perhaps also depicted, though not word for word, in Mark
6:1-6 and Matthew 13:53-58.
and exorcises
a possessed
man, the first of Luke's 21 miracles
. He goes to Simon
's house and heals his sick mother-in-law. Mark 1
has this occur after Jesus called his disciples, while Luke puts that into Luke 5.
He heals more and more people, then retreats to the wilderness for solitary prayer. They come and find him there but he tells them to meet him in the surrounding towns, and the travels and preaches. This, Luke 4:31-44, is almost exactly the same as Mark
1:21-29 and can also be partially found in Matthew 8:14-16.
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
in the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
of the Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
. It details Jesus
Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth , commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity...
's three temptations, his rejection at Nazareth
Nazareth
Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel...
, and the start of his mission.
Jesus's Three Temptations
Jesus, as in MarkMark 1
Mark 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins "The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God" stating right from the start Mark's belief. However, because there is no article in the Koine Greek some have suggested be...
1 and Matthew
Matthew 4
Matthew 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It contains two quite distinct sections. The first half, to verse eleven is Matthew's account for the Temptation of Christ by Satan...
4, travels into the desert and fasts for forty days. He is confronted by Satan
Satan
Satan , "the opposer", is the title of various entities, both human and divine, who challenge the faith of humans in the Hebrew Bible...
, who tempts him with three things.
The first is that Satan commands him to turn stones into bread. Jesus replies "Man does not live on bread alone." (4), quoting Moses
Moses
Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
from Deuteronomy 8:3
Secondly Satan shows him "... all the kingdoms of the world." (5) and tells Jesus he can have them all if he falls down and worships him. Jesus replies with a quote from Deuteronomy 6:13, "It is written: 'Worship the Lord your God and serve him only.'" (8)
Satan takes him to the top of the Temple of Jerusalem and quotes Psalm 91:11-12 as a criterion for a test of favor with God
God
God is the English name given to a singular being in theistic and deistic religions who is either the sole deity in monotheism, or a single deity in polytheism....
, to which Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:16, "...Do not put the Lord your God to the test." (12).
This is also found in Matthew
Matthew 4
Matthew 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It contains two quite distinct sections. The first half, to verse eleven is Matthew's account for the Temptation of Christ by Satan...
4:1-11, but in Matthew the order of the second and third temptation are reversed. This was most probably in Q if that hypothesis
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. The term derives from the Greek, ὑποτιθέναι – hypotithenai meaning "to put under" or "to suppose". For a hypothesis to be put forward as a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it...
is correct; perhaps their copies of Q were in a different order? This difference in orders presents a challenge for redaction
Redaction
Redaction is a form of editing in which multiple source texts are combined and subjected to minor alteration to make them into a single work. Often this is a method of collecting a series of writings on a similar theme and creating a definitive and coherent work...
al criticism. It is unclear whether in Q, if it existed, the order was originally the same as Luke's and Matthew changed it to have it end on a mountain, a common motif of Matthew, such as and , or Luke changed it to have the temptations end in Jerusalem. Luke ends the book in Jerusalem in . Most scholars believe Matthew's order was the order Q used. (Brown 236)
Luke then says that Satan left Jesus "...until an opportune time." (13). Satan appears later in Luke 22, entering Judas to make him betray Jesus and Brown (237) argues at Luke 22:53 when Jesus says to those arresting him "But this is your hour—when darkness reigns".
Rejection at Nazareth
Jesus, says Luke, went teaching in many synagogueSynagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
s, and on the Shabbat
Shabbat
Shabbat is the seventh day of the Jewish week and a day of rest in Judaism. Shabbat is observed from a few minutes before sunset on Friday evening until a few minutes after when one would expect to be able to see three stars in the sky on Saturday night. The exact times, therefore, differ from...
he goes to his hometown of Nazareth
Nazareth
Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel...
, gets up and reads a quote from Isaiah
Book of Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, preceding the books of Ezekiel, Jeremiah and the Book of the Twelve...
61:1-2, referring to himself as the fulfillment of this. The people are amazed at this but Jesus goes on the rebuke them, saying "I tell you the truth...no prophet is accepted in his hometown." (24) He tells them how in the time of Elijah only a woman from Sidon
Sidon
Sidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...
was saved, and during the time of Elisha
Elisha
Elisha is a prophet mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an. His name is commonly transliterated into English as Elisha via Hebrew, Eliseus via Greek and Latin, or Alyasa via Arabic.-Biblical biography:...
a Syrian was healed. Outraged, the people attack him and chase him to the top of a hill and try to throw him off, but Jesus slips away. There are many hills in and around Nazareth, indicating Luke is not unfamiliar with the area. This is perhaps also depicted, though not word for word, in Mark
Mark 6
Mark 6 is the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.- Rejection of Jesus at Nazareth :Mark relates the story, also found in Matthew and probably Luke , of Jesus's rejection at Nazareth. The people question his authority and don't seem to think much of the...
6:1-6 and Matthew 13:53-58.
Teaching and Healing
Jesus goes to CapernaumCapernaum
Capernaum was a fishing village in the time of the Hasmoneans. Located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It had a population of about 1,500. Archaeological excavations have revealed two ancient synagogues built one over the other...
and exorcises
Exorcism
Exorcism is the religious practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person or place which they are believed to have possessed...
a possessed
Demonic possession
Demonic possession is held by many belief systems to be the control of an individual by a malevolent supernatural being. Descriptions of demonic possessions often include erased memories or personalities, convulsions, “fits” and fainting as if one were dying...
man, the first of Luke's 21 miracles
Miracles of Jesus
The miracles of Jesus are the supernatural deeds of Jesus, as recorded in Gospels, in the course of his ministry. According to the Gospel of John, only some of these were recorded. states that "Jesus did many other things as well...
. He goes to Simon
Saint Peter
Saint Peter or Simon Peter was an early Christian leader, who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. The son of John or of Jonah and from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee, his brother Andrew was also an apostle...
's house and heals his sick mother-in-law. Mark 1
Mark 1
Mark 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins "The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God" stating right from the start Mark's belief. However, because there is no article in the Koine Greek some have suggested be...
has this occur after Jesus called his disciples, while Luke puts that into Luke 5.
He heals more and more people, then retreats to the wilderness for solitary prayer. They come and find him there but he tells them to meet him in the surrounding towns, and the travels and preaches. This, Luke 4:31-44, is almost exactly the same as Mark
Mark 1
Mark 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins "The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God" stating right from the start Mark's belief. However, because there is no article in the Koine Greek some have suggested be...
1:21-29 and can also be partially found in Matthew 8:14-16.
See also
- Physician, heal thyselfPhysician, heal thyselfPhysician, heal thyself is a proverb found in .The usual interpretation of this passage is that, during the Rejection of Jesus, Jesus expected to hear natives of his hometown of Nazareth use this phrase to criticize him....
Luke 3 Luke 3 is the third chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It contains an account of John the Baptist as well as a Genealogy of Jesus.- John the Baptist :... |
Gospel of Luke Gospel of Luke The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The... |
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