Luther Standing Bear
Encyclopedia
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...
writer and actor.
He was born on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota
South Dakota
South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...
to an Oglala Lakota
Oglala Lakota
The Oglala Lakota or Oglala Sioux are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people; along with the Nakota and Dakota, they make up the Great Sioux Nation. A majority of the Oglala live on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, the eighth-largest Native American reservation in the...
family and raised in the Sioux
Sioux
The Sioux are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects...
tradition. He was educated at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Carlisle Indian Industrial School was an Indian boarding school in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1879 at Carlisle, Pennsylvania by Captain Richard Henry Pratt, the school was the first off-reservation boarding school, and it became a model for Indian boarding schools in other locations...
, an Indian Boarding School in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
, where their first tactic was to separate the Indians from their tribes by allowing them to choose a new name more congenial to American standards. Thus, Plenty Kill became Luther Standing Bear. He was among one of the first groups to attend Carlisle. After graduating, he operated a dry goods
Dry goods
Dry goods are products such as textiles, ready-to-wear clothing, and sundries. In U.S. retailing, a dry goods store carries consumer goods that are distinct from those carried by hardware stores and grocery stores, though "dry goods" as a term for textiles has been dated back to 1742 in England or...
store at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota until becoming a dancer and horseback rider for Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. From the 1910s to the 1930s, he starred in Western film
Western (genre)
The Western is a genre of various visual arts, such as film, television, radio, literature, painting and others. Westerns are devoted to telling stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West, hence the name. Some Westerns are set as early as the Battle of...
s, including White Oak and Cyclone of the Saddle.
According to American interpretation, he inherited the position of "chief" to the Lakota peoples. In the Lakota vernacular, "wise man" or "leader" or "speaker of the people" is probably a nearer meaning since chief has more of a "ruler" connotation, and it is not clear that "chief" is how a Lakota would refer to any Lakota people. Linguistics is problematic as many words in the Sioux language cannot be easily reduced to what a term might mean in American English. Until recently, the Sioux languages have been confined to spoken word or oral traditions that can render different meanings according to how the word is said or even pronounced.
Although Standing Bear achieved many successes by American standards, including becoming a member of the Actor's Guild of Hollywood, the plight of his people remained foremost in his mind. The Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890
Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre happened on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA. On the day before, a detachment of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Samuel M...
was particularly disturbing to him.
Standing Bear published books during his lifetime to educate the public about Native American and Lakota culture and government policies toward his people. These included My People the Sioux (1928), Land of the Spotted Eagle (1933), and Stories of the Sioux (1934). In 1939, he died of the flu while on the set of the film Union Pacific
Union Pacific (film)
Union Pacific is a 1939 American dramatic western film directed by Cecil B. DeMille, and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Joel McCrea. Based on the novel Trouble Shooter by Western fiction author Ernest Haycox, the film is about the building of the railroad across the American West.-Plot:The 1862...
. He is buried in Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
's Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Hollywood Forever Cemetery, originally called Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery, is one of the oldest cemeteries in Los Angeles, California. It is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood...
.
Standing Bear's saying 'Thought comes before speech' was quoted by A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr in his testimony to the House Judiciary Committee in the hearing for impeachment of President Clinton
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
.
External links
- Luther Standing Bear at the Literary Encyclopedia.
- Luther Standing Bear at the Native American Authors Project. at IMDB.com