Lutpulla Mutellip
Encyclopedia
Lutpulla Mutellip is one of the important figures in modern Uyghur literature. Although he died very young, at the age of 23, he had a strong influence on modern Uyghur literature, and especially on Uyghur poetry
. His poems are reputed for the beauty of his language. Yillargha Jawap (Response to Years) is considered to be his poetic masterpiece
, and Xiyalchan Tilek (Thoughtfull Blessings) is another one of his best works.
Province on November 22, 1922. Other studies by Tursun Ershidin, an Uyghur researcher, show that he was born in Yettesu Region of Almaty
, Kazakhstan
. Later he moved to Ghulja with his family. At his school age, he went to a Tatar school in Ghulja. At that time, some Tatar refugees escaped to Ili Region after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. As most of them were intellectuals, they built schools in Ghulja and influenced the modernization of the people in Ghulja. At the Tatar school, Mutellip was exposed to Russian literature
and Russian culture
as well as Tatar literature and culture.
After having finished primary school, Mutellip went to a Russia
n gymnasium
where he learnt more about Russian people and the Soviet Union
. During 30s and 40s, the Soviet Union was the only country accessible to most Uyghurs, apart from Afghanistan
and India
. Therefore, Soviet influences in Xinjiang had very important impact on Uyghurs' modernization. The influence was such that Joseph Stalin
was better known among Uyghurs than Sun Yat-sen
. Around this time in Russian literature, Alexander Pushkin and his works had started to become popular.
Lutpulla Mutellip was graduated from gymnasium and headed to Ürümqi
, the regional capital of Xinjiang
, to continue his education. In 1941, he started to work for the regional newspaper, the Xinjiang Daily, after finishing his studies in Ürümqi. However, his essays were considered to be treasonous by the Kuomintang
. He transferred to Aksu and started working for the local newspaper there, the Aksu Daily. In Aksu, his writings were monitored by the local police, and he was arrested in 1944 for a political crime, serving some jail time. In 1945, the National Army of the Republic of Eastern Turkistan (the Second East Turkestan Republic
, 1944–1949) entered Wensu County
on their way to Aksu. Mutellip and his friends planned to agitate the people in Aksu to rebellion against the government. However, one of Mutellip's friends informed the local government of their plans, and Lutpulla Mutellip and company were arrested and executed on September 18, 1945. Mutellip was 23.
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...
. His poems are reputed for the beauty of his language. Yillargha Jawap (Response to Years) is considered to be his poetic masterpiece
Masterpiece
Masterpiece in modern usage refers to a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill or workmanship....
, and Xiyalchan Tilek (Thoughtfull Blessings) is another one of his best works.
Biography
Lutpulla Mutellip is believed to be born in the county of Nilqa, Ili Prefecture, XinjiangXinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
Province on November 22, 1922. Other studies by Tursun Ershidin, an Uyghur researcher, show that he was born in Yettesu Region of Almaty
Almaty
Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. Later he moved to Ghulja with his family. At his school age, he went to a Tatar school in Ghulja. At that time, some Tatar refugees escaped to Ili Region after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. As most of them were intellectuals, they built schools in Ghulja and influenced the modernization of the people in Ghulja. At the Tatar school, Mutellip was exposed to Russian literature
Russian literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its émigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union...
and Russian culture
Russian culture
Russian culture is associated with the country of Russia and, sometimes, specifically with ethnic Russians. It has a rich history and can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts, especially when it comes to literature and philosophy, classical music and ballet, architecture...
as well as Tatar literature and culture.
After having finished primary school, Mutellip went to a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n gymnasium
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
where he learnt more about Russian people and the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. During 30s and 40s, the Soviet Union was the only country accessible to most Uyghurs, apart from Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
and India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Therefore, Soviet influences in Xinjiang had very important impact on Uyghurs' modernization. The influence was such that Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
was better known among Uyghurs than Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese doctor, revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the "Father of the Nation" , a view agreed upon by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China...
. Around this time in Russian literature, Alexander Pushkin and his works had started to become popular.
Lutpulla Mutellip was graduated from gymnasium and headed to Ürümqi
Ürümqi
Ürümqi , formerly Tihwa , is the capital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, in the northwest of the country....
, the regional capital of Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
, to continue his education. In 1941, he started to work for the regional newspaper, the Xinjiang Daily, after finishing his studies in Ürümqi. However, his essays were considered to be treasonous by the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
. He transferred to Aksu and started working for the local newspaper there, the Aksu Daily. In Aksu, his writings were monitored by the local police, and he was arrested in 1944 for a political crime, serving some jail time. In 1945, the National Army of the Republic of Eastern Turkistan (the Second East Turkestan Republic
Second East Turkestan Republic
The Second East Turkestan Republic, usually known simply as the East Turkestan Republic , was a short-lived Soviet-backed Turkic people's republic which existed in the 1940s in three northern districts of Xinjiang province of the Republic of China, what is now the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous...
, 1944–1949) entered Wensu County
Wensu County
The Wensu County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. It contains an area of 14,309 km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 210,000....
on their way to Aksu. Mutellip and his friends planned to agitate the people in Aksu to rebellion against the government. However, one of Mutellip's friends informed the local government of their plans, and Lutpulla Mutellip and company were arrested and executed on September 18, 1945. Mutellip was 23.
Works
- Lutpulla Mutallip Ăsărliri, Beijing: Millătlăr Năshriyati, 1981.
- Izbrannye proizvedeniia, Almaty: "Zhazushy", 1975.