Luzhou - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

History

The history of Luzhou dates back to Xia

Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty is the first dynasty in China to be described in ancient historical chronicles such as Bamboo Annals, Classic of History and Records of the Grand Historian. The Xia Dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him...

(1600 BC) and Shang

Shang Dynasty

The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley...

(1100 BC) Dynasties. Luzhou became a prefecture level city

Prefecture-level city

A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...

in 1983.

History of Luzhou

Luzhou, a well-known historic and cultural city in China, boasting a long history of more than 2000 years. Dating back to 7,000 years ago, this area of present-day Luzhou was inhabited by human beings. Early in the Shang

Shang Dynasty

and Zhou

Zhou Dynasty

The Zhou Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as...

period, 11th century BC, Luzhou was an appendage in the State of Ba

Ba (state)

Ba was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. Its original capital was Yicheng , Hubei. Ba was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. The modern ethnic minority Tujia people trace some of their origins back to the Ba people....

. Later in 316 BC, Ba prefecture which included most part of Luzhou was established by Emperor Huiwen of the Qin Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...

(221 BC-208 BC) after his conquering of the State of Ba

Ba (state)

and Shu

Shu (state)

The State of Shu was an ancient state in what is now Sichuan, China. It was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. Shu was based on the Chengdu Plain, in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley. To the east was the Ba tribal confederation. Further east down the...

. During this period, great improvement in economy and culture was achieved in aspect of the advanced production technique and culture introduced by the immigrants from the middle land.
In Western Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...

(206 BC-AD 23), Jiangyang county was set up in the area of current Jiangyang district where the Tuojing river and Yangtze river emerged. Then, in order to exploit the southwest region, Emperor Wu

Emperor Wu of Han

Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized...

of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

(25-220) expanded this county. As a result, Luzhou became a prime bordering county which was the portal of Tuojing river and the barrier of western Sichuan, which brought great prosperity to salt-refinery and agriculture.
Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...

(196-1127) was a splendid time throughout Luzhou’s history since it bloomed into a rich and populous place with fertile and profound land, flourishing agriculture and blooming business. It was known as the natural granary of southern Shu

Shu (state)

. Furthermore, wine-making industry and salt-refinery were in larger expansion. The method to decoct salt with natural gas was discovered at that time according to ancient literature. In addition, trade and business between the residents and ethnic groups was popular and protective wall as well as forts were constructed by the local government.
In Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...

(1279–1368), Luzhou remained an important place of wine-making, salt-refinery and tea-making industries. A large number of wooden ships were made to activate shipping industry, promoting the exchange of goods with the outside.
In 1373, Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...

(1644–1911), waves of immigrants from other parts of China brought rapid growth in economy and culture. Luzhou served as a political, economic, martial and cultural center where Sichuan

Sichuan

' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...

, Guizhou

Guizhou

' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...

and Yunnan

Yunnan

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...

met.
December 6, 1949 saw the liberation of Luzhou. Later in 1960, it became a city under the government of Sichuan province, encompassing 5 counties which originally belonged to Yibin

Yibin

-Administrative divisions:-Economy:The city's industry focuses on electronics, food products, and power generation. It also produces paper, silk, and leather products...

city. Given a comprehensive reform under the guidance of reform and opening policy, Luzhou gradually stepped into market economy. Nowadays, it is regarded as the nationally key base of chemical lines, machinery and wine-making industry.

Historic and cultural relics

Bao’en Pagoda

Located directly in the downtown of Luzhou, Bao’en pagoda was built in 1148, southern Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty

, and was maintained respectively in 1983 and 1985, Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....

. Being 33.3 m high, it is an octagon brick and stone structure of seven-layer pavilion style. It has a bronze top and there are 107 steps in its spiral flight. The base is an octagon of 4.1 m each side, 4.5 m high; inside it are 256 figures set in 90 niches. The Bao’en pagoda was listed by the People’s Government of Sichuan Province as a historical and culture relic under provincial protection in April 1991.

Dragon Head Bridge

Constructed in Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

, Dragon Head Bridge spans over the Nine Bends Creek and is a precious stone bridge with distinctive style of Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

around the country. 5m high, 54 m long and 1.9 m wide, the bridge has 14 piers separating it into 13 organs. The eight piers amongst the mid section was characterized by carved traditionally auspicious beast, such as huge dragon, lion, elephant and kylin. It was announced as a key national culture relic in 1996.

Longtou Pass

Longtou Pass, about 2.5 km long, is located in the southern suburban area of Luzhou, with construction that started in Han Dynasty when Emperor Guangxu was in his reign. Bordering Tuojiang river in the north and Yangtze river in the south, it obtains the name, Longtou Pass, since it looks like a huge dragon passing through these two rivers .It is the only land-path because Luzhou is a city surrounded by rivers in other three sides. Longtou Pass is the very place where Liu Bocheng

Liu Bocheng

Liu Bocheng was a Chinese Communist military commander and Marshal of the People's Liberation Army.Liu is known as one of the "Three and A Half" Strategists of China in modern history...

waged Luzhou Uprising and it was listed as a protected historic and cultural relic of Luzhou in April 1984 and a provincial one in 1996.

National Vintage Square

National Vintage Square located in the bustling commercial center of Luzhou is a typical engineering image representing the strong aroma of Luzhou Vintage. It is a scientifically planned and beautified square with a serene environment and clear arrangement, set off by surroundings – truly a place makes you feel mellow when you are roaming. Here remain 460 cellars of the Ming and Qing dynasties when wine was made by hand, which has created considerable economic efficiency for four centuries and become a wonder in the world’s wine brewing history for its exceptional value in economy, history and culture.

Spring and Autumn Temple

Being situated in Xuyong county, Spring and Autumn Temple was built in 1906, Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....

. Originally, it was a temple for Guany (the Lord of Guan) and then rebuilt as an assembly hall of some merchants doing salt business from Shaanxi

Shaanxi

' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province...

. It is well known for its distinctive architecture style, including fine sculpt, vivid shape, artistic conception and has been listed as a protected historic and cultural relic of Luzhou.

Baizitu

Baizitu lies by the Tuojiang river, the northwestern corner of Luzhou city. Its got the name Baizitu for the stone inscription of the Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....

and was the protected historic and cultural relic of Luzhou.

Economy

Luzhou has always been a hub of economic activities in the tri-province border area of Sichuan

Sichuan

' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...

, Yunnan

Yunnan

, and Guizhou

Guizhou

' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...

. Food, liquor, and chemicals production, along with construction equipment manufacturing are the most important industries of the local economy. Total GDP reached 33.11 billion yuan in 2006 (per capita 7,819 yuan).

Liquor industry

Luzhou Old Cellar and Langjiu are the two best known brands of Baijiu

Baijiu

Baijiu , or shaojiu is a Chinese distilled alcoholic beverage. The name baijiu literally means "white liquor," "white alcohol" or "white spirits". Baijiu is often translated as "wine" or "white wine"...

with national and international reputations http://art-bin.com/art/aluzhoueng.html.

Liquor Industry in Luzhou Boasting a long history of Baijiu industry, Luzhou is renowned at home and abroad for its well-known liquors and spirits like Luzhou Vintage and Gulin Langjiu. It is a nationally famous spirits industry base and liquor city. Luzhou has developed into nationally comprehensive system of liquor and spirits industry, concentrating on Luzhou Vintage Co. Ltd and Langjiu Factory. Over 200 liquor products are listed as national and provincial products with high grade and have good market in China and other countries and districts around the world. Luzhou Vintage and Langjiu are two of the six nationally famous Baijiu

Baijiu

brands in Sichuan province, which makes it become one of the three districts enjoying two nationally famous liquors in China.

Luzhou Laojiao 1573 http://community.travelchinaguide.com/review2.asp?i=570

Machine building industry

Luzhou is one of the nine largest machine building industry production bases in China and the manufacturing center of entirely hydraulic truck crane and excavator. Changjiang Engineering Machine Group consists of Changjiang Crane Factory http://www.cj-crane.com/http://www.cj-crane.com/e-gsjj.htm, Changjiang Hydraulic Device Factory http://www.cj-hydraulic.com/, Changiang Excavator Factory (now Sichuan Bonny Heavy Machinery Co.)http://www.bonnyhm.com/http://en.bonnyhm.com/. A extended production system producing national engineering machine mainframe and basic devices and offering maintenance has came into being. Among the cities along Yangtze River, Luzhou enjoys the second largest production of entirely hydraulic truck machine, just being next to Shanghai

Shanghai

Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

. Changjiang Crane Factory being directly under this huge group is a large scale enterprise which has the longest history of producing entirely hydraulic automobile crane, most complete devices and strong carrying capacity and is entitled as the” National Manufacturing Center of Entirely Hydraulic Machine”. It is also the birthplace of the first entirely hydraulic automobile crane in our county. Twelve hydraulic cranes researched and produced with advanced standards in 1980s stand the world, whose carrying capacity ranked No.5 around the world, No.2 in Asia, No.1 in China. Changjiang Excavator Factory is an important and large scale enterprise of Ministry of Construction and the only one excavator factory with full series of service. Its new product, WY160 crane, had obtained the ‘Golden Dragon Award “and “Silver Quality Award” granted by the state and R982 hydraulic crane has the largest dipper capacity in China. Changjiang Hydraulic Devices Factory is the key enterprise appointed by Ministry of Machine-Building Industry and Electronics Industry to produce hydraulic components and devices. Its products has expanding market around the world and enjoys good reputation among the domestic counterparts and customers.

Chemical industry

Chemical industry is the largest and most promising pillar industry of Luzhou, especially the natural gas industry. Luzhou is one of the 16 largest chemical industry bases and 16 fine chemical industry bases decided by the National Ministry of Chemical Industry. At present, the chemical industry of Luzhou has developed into a national chemical industry system covering production, education, scientific research, design, machine and architecture. A group of nationally large scale enterprises with well equipment and strong finance and technique power have been established and achieved the globally advanced level. Lutianhua enterprise http://www.sclth.com/ is the most extended carbamide and oil chemical production bases, owning the largest device to produce fatty acid, fatty amine, synthetic ammonia, and carbamide. Its annual output of carbamide is 1.24 million tons and synthetic ammonia 0.9 million tons. It is one of the 500 national largest enterprises. Tianhua Co, Ltd is a key enterprise which brings in synthetic ammonia 0.3 million tons and carbamide 0.6 million tons, processing two sets of chemical fertilizer devices with world technical levels. Luzhou Chemical Factory is a united enterprise undertaking military and civil chemical production. State-owned Torch Chemical Factory is the only production base of "801" and gained the national quality golden award, surpassing the America Standard.

Tourism industry

Luzhou is one of the China Excellent Tourist Cities with many scenic spots and historic sites, such as Yuchan scenic spot in Luxian county, Fobao scenic spot in Hejiang

Hejiang County

Hejiang County is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Luzhou city.-History:Hejiang County has a history over 2100 years. The county was built in 115 BC during the Han Dynasty of China...

county, Mt. Fangshan scenic spot in Jiangyang county, the litchi and longan

Longan

Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan, is a tropical tree native to South and Southeast Asia, in the Indomalaya ecozone known for its edible fruit.-Vernacular names:The fruit is known as longan or longyan in English...

orchard along the Yangtze River and Tuojiang River, Nine Lions scenic spot, the Mt. Phoenix in Naxi county, Huangjin virginal forest in Gulin

Gulin County

Gulin County is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Luzhou city.*The county covers 3,182 square kinometres with a population of 833,000 in 2008.-External links:*...

county, etc. With the official approbation of National Ministry of Forestry, Fobao Forest Park became the National Forestry Park and was elected as “AAA” tourist attraction in 2001 by National Tourism Administration and the ‘AA” was granted to Yuchan and Mt. Fangshan scenic sports.
Besides, Luzhou city and Xuyong county is respectively the nationally and provincially historic and cultural city. Wine Cellar of Luzhou Vintage constructed in Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

and Dragon Head Bridge were listed as a key protected cultural relic of the state. There are more than ten protected historical relics of Sichuan Province, including the site of Red Army

People's Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 — celebrated annually as "PLA Day" — as the military arm of the Communist Party of China...

’s Four-time Crossing the Chishui River, Yuchan scenic spot, Spring and Autumn Temple, etc. The Taiping Ferry Museum for the Red Army

People's Liberation Army

’s Four-time Crossing the Chishui River is nominated the “National Demonstration base for patriotic education” by the central Propaganda Ministry in 2001.
Moreover, the Sci-tech Park of Luzhou Vintage is the national industry tourism demonstration spot and Luzhou Zhangba Longan

Longan

Orchard is the national agricultural tourism spot. Some other famous tourist attractions are available in Luzhou’s neighboring cities including Leshan

Leshan

-Administrative divisions:-Transport:There is a passenger rail line that serves the Mianyang–Chengdu–Leshan inter-city area.The Chengdu-Leshan Highway with a total length of 160 kilometers, was finished on January 14th, 2000...

, Yibin

Yibin

-Administrative divisions:-Economy:The city's industry focuses on electronics, food products, and power generation. It also produces paper, silk, and leather products...

, Zigong

Zigong

Zigong , ancient name Ziliujing and Gongjing, is a prefecture-level city and the third largest city in Sichuan Province, in southwest China.-Geography:...

and Chongqing

Chongqing

Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...

. There are there national scenic spots nearby comprising Bamboo Forest scenic spot, Mt. Simianshan in Chongqing

Chongqing

and Sidong Channel in Guizhou

Guizhou

' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...

Province.

Agriculture

Luzhou is a key comprehensive development zone in the upper Yangtze River and Sichuan

Sichuan

' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...

province as well as an important production base of commodity grain, fruit, cured tobacco and poultry, including fine rice, litchi, longan

Longan

, tea, traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage , exercise , and dietary therapy...

material, pod, etc.

Transport

Luzhou has the largest river port in Sichuan

Sichuan

' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...

on the upper Yangtze, with the capability to load and unload containerships. Expressways connecting to Chengdu

Chengdu

Chengdu , formerly transliterated Chengtu, is the capital of Sichuan province in Southwest China. It holds sub-provincial administrative status...

and Chongqing

Chongqing

were completed in the 1990s. Railroads and an airport provide additional links to several cities in China. The city has four bridges over the Yangtze which form part of Sichuan's overland corridor to the South China Sea

South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...

.

An expressway connecting Luzhou and Longchang is in use and another which is going to connect the city directly with Chongqing

Chongqing

is under construction.

Luzhou International Container Pier

The Luzhou International Container Pier handled 4,505 containers in May 2007.

Luzhou Airport

Luzhou Lantian Airport is an airport serving the city of Luzhou in Sichuan Province, China.Luzhou Airport was built in 1945 and initially served an air route between China and India by the US Air Force during the World War II. Services were suspended in the 1960s, but later it was used for...

http://www.lzltjc.com.cn/ was built in 1945 and initially served an air route between China and India by the US Air Force during World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

. Services were suspended in the 1960s, but later it was used for training purposes by the Chinese Air Force

People's Liberation Army Air Force

The People's Liberation Army Air Force is the aviation branch of the People's Liberation Army, the military of the People's Republic of China...

. Major renovations and expansions were completed in January 2001, and now the airport serves direct flights to Beijing

Beijing

Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

, Shanghai

Shanghai

, Guangzhou

Guangzhou

Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...

, Kunming

Kunming

' is the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou until the 1920s. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government...

, Guiyang

Guiyang

Guiyang is the capital of Guizhou province of Southwest China. It is located in the centre of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and on the north bank of the Nanming River, a branch of the Wu River. The city has an elevation of about 1,100 meters...

and Shenzhen

Shenzhen

Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...

.http://www.cctv.com/program/RediscoveringChina/20030522/100438.shtml.

Flight information: http://www.luzhou.gov.cn/english/Transportation.html

Education

Luzhou Medical College (泸州医学院)
Sichuan Police College (四川警察学院)
Luzhou Vocational and Technical College (泸州职业技术学院)

External links

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