Lycée Pierre Corneille (Rouen)
Encyclopedia
The Lycée Pierre-Corneille (also known as the Lycée Corneille) (founded 1593) is a school in Rouen
, France. It was founded by the Archbishop of Rouen
, Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
and run by the Jesuits to educate the children of the aristocracy and bourgeoisie in accordance with the purest doctrinal principles of Roman Catholicism. It adopted the name Pierre Corneille in 1873. Today it educates students in preparation for university and Grandes écoles
.
It was classified as a historic monument in December 1985.
of the 16th century led the Archbishop of Rouen
, Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
, to protect the influence of the Catholic Church by creating a school to educate the children of the aristocracy
and bourgeoisie
in accordance with the purest doctrinal principles of Roman Catholicism. The school started teaching in 1593 run by the Jesuits and known initially as the Collège de Bourbon.
From 1595 to 1604 teaching ceased because of Jesuit expulsions. Between 1614 and 1631 the gate-house and chapel were built. By 1662, the lycée had taught two thousand pupils.
The chapel was opened in 1631 although foundation stone had been laid in 1614 by Marie de Médicis, the widow of King Henri IV of France. The chapel blends both late gothic and classical architectural styles in its fifty-two metre nave. It became a listed building in 1908.
In 1762 the school became known as the Collège Royal after the Jesuits had been expelled from France.
After the French Revolution
it became associated with the 'Ecole Centrale' following the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment
, and reducing study of humanities
in favour of a broader-based curriculum.
After 1803 it became known as the 'Lycée Impérial' and taught Humanities and mathematics following the principles and discipline of the Napoleonic code
. Successful students were awarded the Baccalauréat
and subjects increased to include languages and Natural Sciences. The school then developed a 2 year 'post baccalaureate' curricullum that enabled entrance to the Grandes écoles
.
In 1873, the Lycée was renamed 'Lycée Pierre-Corneille
' in honour of the alumnus, the 17th century writer and academic, Pierre Corneille
. At this time the petit lycée was added for younger pupils. In 1890 the sports club Les Francs Joueurs was founded.
Since 1918 the school has run a Norwegian 'college' that houses typically twenty-four boys for three years each.
During World War I
it served as a military hospital. In World War II
it was commandeered by the German army, and was then bombed in September 1942 and on April 19 1944.
Rouen
Rouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
, France. It was founded by the Archbishop of Rouen
Archbishop of Rouen
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen is an Archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of France, the ecclesiastical province of the archdiocese comprises the majority of Normandy....
, Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
Charles de Bourbon was a French cardinal. The Catholic League considered him the rightful King of France after the death of Henry III of France in 1589.-Biography:...
and run by the Jesuits to educate the children of the aristocracy and bourgeoisie in accordance with the purest doctrinal principles of Roman Catholicism. It adopted the name Pierre Corneille in 1873. Today it educates students in preparation for university and Grandes écoles
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
.
It was classified as a historic monument in December 1985.
Origins
The Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
of the 16th century led the Archbishop of Rouen
Archbishop of Rouen
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen is an Archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of France, the ecclesiastical province of the archdiocese comprises the majority of Normandy....
, Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
Charles de Bourbon was a French cardinal. The Catholic League considered him the rightful King of France after the death of Henry III of France in 1589.-Biography:...
, to protect the influence of the Catholic Church by creating a school to educate the children of the aristocracy
Aristocracy
Aristocracy , is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. The term derives from the Greek aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best". In origin in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy...
and bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie
In sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Western world, between the late 18th century and the present day, the bourgeoisie is a social class "characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture." A member of the...
in accordance with the purest doctrinal principles of Roman Catholicism. The school started teaching in 1593 run by the Jesuits and known initially as the Collège de Bourbon.
From 1595 to 1604 teaching ceased because of Jesuit expulsions. Between 1614 and 1631 the gate-house and chapel were built. By 1662, the lycée had taught two thousand pupils.
The chapel was opened in 1631 although foundation stone had been laid in 1614 by Marie de Médicis, the widow of King Henri IV of France. The chapel blends both late gothic and classical architectural styles in its fifty-two metre nave. It became a listed building in 1908.
In 1762 the school became known as the Collège Royal after the Jesuits had been expelled from France.
After the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
it became associated with the 'Ecole Centrale' following the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment was an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in church and state...
, and reducing study of humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
in favour of a broader-based curriculum.
After 1803 it became known as the 'Lycée Impérial' and taught Humanities and mathematics following the principles and discipline of the Napoleonic code
Napoleonic code
The Napoleonic Code — or Code Napoléon — is the French civil code, established under Napoléon I in 1804. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified...
. Successful students were awarded the Baccalauréat
Baccalauréat
The baccalauréat , often known in France colloquially as le bac, is an academic qualification which French and international students take at the end of the lycée . It was introduced by Napoleon I in 1808. It is the main diploma required to pursue university studies...
and subjects increased to include languages and Natural Sciences. The school then developed a 2 year 'post baccalaureate' curricullum that enabled entrance to the Grandes écoles
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
.
In 1873, the Lycée was renamed 'Lycée Pierre-Corneille
Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine...
' in honour of the alumnus, the 17th century writer and academic, Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine...
. At this time the petit lycée was added for younger pupils. In 1890 the sports club Les Francs Joueurs was founded.
Since 1918 the school has run a Norwegian 'college' that houses typically twenty-four boys for three years each.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
it served as a military hospital. In World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
it was commandeered by the German army, and was then bombed in September 1942 and on April 19 1944.
Alumni
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Professors
- Théodore Bachelet (1847–1873)
- Léon Brunschvicg (1895–1900)
- Camille Cé (1878–1959)
- Simone de BeauvoirSimone de BeauvoirSimone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir , was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. She wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and...
(1930–1941) - Camille Lebossé (1934–1936)
- Émile DurandÉmile DurandÉmile Durand was a French musical theorist, teacher and composer. He was better known for his theoretical writings than for his compositions.-Biography:...
(1937–?) - Alain (philosopher)
- Bernard Pottier
- Jacques Bouteloup
- Gérard Simon (1964–1988)
- Mongo BetiMongo BetiAlexandre Biyidi Awala , known as Mongo Beti, was a Cameroonian writer.- Life :Though he lived in exile for many decades, Beti's life reveals an unflagging commitment to improvement of his home country...
(1966–1994)