.gif)
M75 (APC)
Encyclopedia
The M75 is a American
armored personnel carrier that was produced between December 1952 and February 1954, and saw service in the Korean War
. It was replaced in U.S. service by the smaller, cheaper, amphibious M59
. The M75s were given as military aid to Belgium
where they were used until the early 1980s. 1,729 M75s were built before production was halted.
a tracked, fully enclosed armored personnel carrier was developed under the designation M44 (T16) based on the M18 tank destroyer. The M44 was extremely large (51,000 lb combat weight), carrying 24 infantry as well as a driver, bow gunner and vehicle commander. It was evaluated at Fort Knox
and Aberdeen Proving Ground
after the end of the war but ultimately the army rejected the M44 as being too large, at the time their tactical doctrine required infantry squads of ten men. As a result only a handful of M44s were built, seeing service in a number of auxiliary roles.
On 21 September 1945 a set of requirements were laid down for a squad sized armored personnel carrier, based on the chassis of the T43 cargo carrier. On 26 September 1946 the development of the armored utility vehicle T18 was approved with the International Harvester Corporation (IHC) contracted to produce four prototypes.
The original mockup featured two remote controlled .50 caliber machine guns, that could be aimed remotely by either the commander or either of two gunners, having a total crew of 14.
The first prototype T18 dropped one the assistant driver but retained the remote controlled machine guns. The T18E1 pilot was unarmed and had a high cupola for the commander, this is sometimes referred to a pilot number 4. The T18E2 replaced the commanders cupola with a T122 machine gun mount that could be fitted with a .30 or .50 caliber machine gun.
Though the original T18E1 prototype was unarmed, the high cupola was replaced with a variety of machine gun mounts, before the M13 cupola with a .50 caliber machine gun was evaluated.
The prototypes were originally powered by a six-cylinder Continental AO-895-2 air-cooled gasoline engine, which exhausted through the hull side grills. This was later replaced with the AO-895-4 in the T18E1, which exhausted through a pipe mounted horizontally across the front of the vehicle.
After acceptance testing the T18E1 was ordered into production in 1952 as the M75. Although the vehicle was developed by IHC, an order for 1,000 were placed with IHC and for 730 at the Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation. Numerous changes were made during the production run to reduce cost and complexity. The number of shock absorbers was halved from four per side to two, and an auxiliary generator/heater was deleted. The two 75 gallon rubber fuel tanks were replaced by a single 150 gallon metal one.
The M75 shared many chassis/suspension components with the M41
light tank, also powered by a Continental air-cooled engine. It had a cross-drive transmission (permitting pivoting, etc.) but was steered through two vertical handles, simulating the laterals of earlier vehicles controlled by track clutching/breaking.
The approximate cost of the vehicle was $72,000 which contributed to the early halting of production. The high profile (height) of the vehicle was also a negative factor. Additionally the engine air cooling vents were considered to be vulnerable to small arms
fire. However, the reliability of its drive system was far superior to that of its replacement, the M59.
The M75 has an almost identical layout to later U.S. armored personnel carriers: the driver sits in the front left of the hull, with the air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed Continental AO-895-4 gasoline engine to his right. The driver is provided with an M19 infra-red night vision periscope in later models and four M17 periscopes. Behind the driver and engine in the center of the vehicle sits the commander who is provided with six vision blocks around his hatch. The commander has a cupola which was normally fitted with an M2 machine gun
, for which 1,800 rounds were carried in the vehicle. with the infantry behind him in a large compartment. Additionally an M20 Super Bazooka was carried along with 10 rockets, and 180 rounds of ammunition for an M1 or M2 carbine
.
The engine developed a maximum of around 295 hp at 2,660 rpm, giving the vehicle a top speed of 43 mph (69 km/h). The vehicle carried 150 gallons (568 l) of gasoline, giving it a road range of around 115 miles (185 km). It has five road wheels and three return rollers on each side.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
armored personnel carrier that was produced between December 1952 and February 1954, and saw service in the Korean War
Korean War
The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union...
. It was replaced in U.S. service by the smaller, cheaper, amphibious M59
M59 (APC)
The M59 was a U.S. armored personnel carrier that entered service in spring of 1954 replacing the M75. It had three key advantages over the M75: it was amphibious, had a lower profile, and was considerably cheaper to produce. Approximately 6,300 were built before production ended in 1960. The M84...
. The M75s were given as military aid to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
where they were used until the early 1980s. 1,729 M75s were built before production was halted.
Development
Towards the end of World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
a tracked, fully enclosed armored personnel carrier was developed under the designation M44 (T16) based on the M18 tank destroyer. The M44 was extremely large (51,000 lb combat weight), carrying 24 infantry as well as a driver, bow gunner and vehicle commander. It was evaluated at Fort Knox
Fort Knox
Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. The base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command, United States Army Cadet...
and Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground is a United States Army facility located near Aberdeen, Maryland, . Part of the facility is a census-designated place , which had a population of 3,116 at the 2000 census.- History :...
after the end of the war but ultimately the army rejected the M44 as being too large, at the time their tactical doctrine required infantry squads of ten men. As a result only a handful of M44s were built, seeing service in a number of auxiliary roles.
On 21 September 1945 a set of requirements were laid down for a squad sized armored personnel carrier, based on the chassis of the T43 cargo carrier. On 26 September 1946 the development of the armored utility vehicle T18 was approved with the International Harvester Corporation (IHC) contracted to produce four prototypes.
The original mockup featured two remote controlled .50 caliber machine guns, that could be aimed remotely by either the commander or either of two gunners, having a total crew of 14.
The first prototype T18 dropped one the assistant driver but retained the remote controlled machine guns. The T18E1 pilot was unarmed and had a high cupola for the commander, this is sometimes referred to a pilot number 4. The T18E2 replaced the commanders cupola with a T122 machine gun mount that could be fitted with a .30 or .50 caliber machine gun.
Though the original T18E1 prototype was unarmed, the high cupola was replaced with a variety of machine gun mounts, before the M13 cupola with a .50 caliber machine gun was evaluated.
The prototypes were originally powered by a six-cylinder Continental AO-895-2 air-cooled gasoline engine, which exhausted through the hull side grills. This was later replaced with the AO-895-4 in the T18E1, which exhausted through a pipe mounted horizontally across the front of the vehicle.
After acceptance testing the T18E1 was ordered into production in 1952 as the M75. Although the vehicle was developed by IHC, an order for 1,000 were placed with IHC and for 730 at the Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation. Numerous changes were made during the production run to reduce cost and complexity. The number of shock absorbers was halved from four per side to two, and an auxiliary generator/heater was deleted. The two 75 gallon rubber fuel tanks were replaced by a single 150 gallon metal one.
The M75 shared many chassis/suspension components with the M41
M41 Walker Bulldog
The M41 Walker Bulldog was a U.S. light tank developed to replace the M24 Chaffee. It was named for General Walton Walker who died in a jeep accident in Korea...
light tank, also powered by a Continental air-cooled engine. It had a cross-drive transmission (permitting pivoting, etc.) but was steered through two vertical handles, simulating the laterals of earlier vehicles controlled by track clutching/breaking.
The approximate cost of the vehicle was $72,000 which contributed to the early halting of production. The high profile (height) of the vehicle was also a negative factor. Additionally the engine air cooling vents were considered to be vulnerable to small arms
Small arms
Small arms is a term of art used by armed forces to denote infantry weapons an individual soldier may carry. The description is usually limited to revolvers, pistols, submachine guns, carbines, assault rifles, battle rifles, multiple barrel firearms, sniper rifles, squad automatic weapons, light...
fire. However, the reliability of its drive system was far superior to that of its replacement, the M59.
Description
The M75 has a welded steel hull, which varies in thickness from 1 inches (2.5 cm) to 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) with a line of sight thickness on the front hull of between 1.6 inches (4 cm) and 2 inches (5 cm). Fully loaded, the vehicle weighed approximately 42000 pounds (19,051 kg).The M75 has an almost identical layout to later U.S. armored personnel carriers: the driver sits in the front left of the hull, with the air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed Continental AO-895-4 gasoline engine to his right. The driver is provided with an M19 infra-red night vision periscope in later models and four M17 periscopes. Behind the driver and engine in the center of the vehicle sits the commander who is provided with six vision blocks around his hatch. The commander has a cupola which was normally fitted with an M2 machine gun
M2 Machine Gun
The M2 Machine Gun, Browning .50 Caliber Machine Gun, is a heavy machine gun designed towards the end of World War I by John Browning. It is very similar in design to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, which was chambered for the .30-06 cartridge...
, for which 1,800 rounds were carried in the vehicle. with the infantry behind him in a large compartment. Additionally an M20 Super Bazooka was carried along with 10 rockets, and 180 rounds of ammunition for an M1 or M2 carbine
M1 Carbine
The M1 carbine is a lightweight, easy to use semi-automatic carbine that became a standard firearm for the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was produced in several variants. It was widely used by U.S...
.
The engine developed a maximum of around 295 hp at 2,660 rpm, giving the vehicle a top speed of 43 mph (69 km/h). The vehicle carried 150 gallons (568 l) of gasoline, giving it a road range of around 115 miles (185 km). It has five road wheels and three return rollers on each side.
Specifications
- Fording depth: 48 inches (80 inches with fording kit)
- Vertical obstacle: 18 inches
- Trench: 66 inches
- Gradient: 60 percent
External Links
- Armored Carrier Gives GIs Lift 1951 article with detailed photos of T18E2 which became M75