Macro-Andean
Encyclopedia
Macro-Andean is a speculative proposal by Kaufman
(2007) linking languages of the northern Andes.
Kaufman (1990) found lexical support for proposals linking the Jivaro–Cahuapanan families as suggested by Swadesh and others. By 2007 he had tentatively added Saparo–Yawan
, which is itself provisional, and Bora–Witoto.
, Puelche
, Sabela
, Taushiro
, Omurano
are included in the Kawapanan and Yawan branches.
Terrence Kaufman
Terrence Kaufman is an American linguist specializing in documentation of unwritten languages, Mesoamerican historical linguistics and language contact phenomena. He is currently a professor at the department of anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh....
(2007) linking languages of the northern Andes.
Kaufman (1990) found lexical support for proposals linking the Jivaro–Cahuapanan families as suggested by Swadesh and others. By 2007 he had tentatively added Saparo–Yawan
Saparo–Yawan languages
Saparo–Yawan is a language family proposal uniting two small language families of the western Amazon. It was first proposed by Swadesh , and continues through Payne and Kaufman ....
, which is itself provisional, and Bora–Witoto.
Languages
Kaufman (2007) posits the following membership. The unclassified languages UrarinaUrarina language
Urarina is a language spoken in Peru, specifically in the Loreto Region of Northwest Peru, by the Urarina people. There are only around 3000 speakers alive today according to the 2002 Ethnologue. It uses a Latin script...
, Puelche
Puelche language
Puelche is an extinct or nearly extinct language spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken , Pehuenche, Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa, and may have five speakers, according to Ethnologue, if not it...
, Sabela
Huaorani language
The Huaorani language, commonly known as Sabela is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers...
, Taushiro
Taushiro language
Taushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20...
, Omurano
Omurano language
Omurano is an unclassified extinct language from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna.Tovar linked Omurano to Taushiro ; Kaufman finds the links reasonable, and tentatively proposes a Kandoshi–Omurano–Taushiro language family...
are included in the Kawapanan and Yawan branches.
- Hivaro–Kawapánan
- KawapánanCahuapanan languagesThe Cahuapanan languages include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero. They are spoken by more than 11,300 people in Peru. Chayahuita is spoken by most of that number, but Jebero is almost extinct....
(Chayawita, HeveroJebero languageJebero is an indigenous American language spoken by the Jebero people of Peru. It is only spoken by older adults, though there is interest in reviving the language....
, UrarinaUrarina languageUrarina is a language spoken in Peru, specifically in the Loreto Region of Northwest Peru, by the Urarina people. There are only around 3000 speakers alive today according to the 2002 Ethnologue. It uses a Latin script...
, PuelchePuelche languagePuelche is an extinct or nearly extinct language spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken , Pehuenche, Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa, and may have five speakers, according to Ethnologue, if not it...
) - HivaroJivaroan languagesJivaroan is a small language family, or perhaps a language isolate, of northern Peru and eastern Ecuador.-Family division:Jivaroan consists of 4 languages:-Genetic relations:...
- Kawapánan
- Sáparo–YawanSaparo–Yawan languagesSaparo–Yawan is a language family proposal uniting two small language families of the western Amazon. It was first proposed by Swadesh , and continues through Payne and Kaufman ....
- SáparoZaparoan languagesZaparoan is an endangered language family of Peru and Ecuador with fewer than 100 speakers...
- Yawan (Peva–Yawan, SabelaHuaorani languageThe Huaorani language, commonly known as Sabela is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers...
, TaushiroTaushiro languageTaushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20...
, OmuranoOmurano languageOmurano is an unclassified extinct language from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna.Tovar linked Omurano to Taushiro ; Kaufman finds the links reasonable, and tentatively proposes a Kandoshi–Omurano–Taushiro language family...
)
- Sáparo
- Bora–Witotoan (including AndoqueAndoque languageThe Andoque language is an aboriginal language spoken by a few hundred Andoque in Northern South America, and is in decline.In 2000, there were 610 speakers in the area of the Anduche River, downstream from Aracuara, Amazonas, Colombia; 50 were monolinguals. The language is no longer spoken in...
within Witotoan)