Madeleine Leininger
Encyclopedia
Madeleine Leininger is a pioneering nursing theorist
, first published in 1961http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/files/WSP000725.pdf. Her contributions to nursing theory
involve the discussion of what it is to care. Most notably, she developed the concept of transcultural nursing
, bringing the role of cultural factors in nursing practice into the discussion of how to best attend to those in need of nursing care.
Dr. Madeleine Leininger is the founder of the transcultural nursing movement and is one of nursing's most prolific writers. She developed the ethnonursing research model and is the field's authority on cultural care.
The cultural care theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care through "cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individual, group's, or institution's cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways" (Leininger, M. M. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories,research & practices. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.5, p.75) This care is intended to fit with or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds.
Culturalogical assessment for comprehensive, holistic overview of client's background:
Leininger proposes that there are three modes for guiding nursing care judgements, decisions, or actions to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care:
(a) preservation and/or maintenance
(b) accommodation and/or negotiation
(c) re-patterning and/or restructuring
"These modes have substantively influenced nurses’ ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care and have fostered the development of culturally-competent nurses." http://nsq.sagepub.com/content/22/3/233
Leininger's theoretical assumptions and orientational definitions:
1. Care is the essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, and unifying focus.
2. Care (caring) is essential for well being, health, healing, growth survival, and to face handicaps or death.
3. Culture care is the broadest holistic means to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena to guide nursing care practices.
4. Nursing is a transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the central purpose to serve human beings worldwide.
5. Care (caring) is essential to curing and healing, for there can be no curing without caring.
6. Culture care concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of care are different (diversity) and similar (towards commonalities or universalities) among all cultures of the world.
7. Every human culture has lay (generic, folk, or indigenous) care knowledge and practices and usually some professional care knowledge and practices which vary transculturally.
8. Cultural care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by and tend to be embedded in worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of a particular culture.
9. Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally based nursing care contributes to the well being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within their environmental context.
10. Culturally congruent or beneficial nursing care can only occur when the individual, group, community, or culture care values, expressions, or patterns are known and used appropriately and in meaningful ways by the nurse with the people.
11. Culture care differences and similarities between professional caregiver(s) and client (generic) care-receiver(s) exist in any human culture worldwide.
12. Clients who experience nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent with their beliefs, values, and caring lifeways will show signs of cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses and ethical or moral concerns.
13. The qualitative paradigm provides new ways of knowing and different ways to discover the epistemic and ontological dimensions of human care transculturally. (Leininger, M. M. (1991). The theory of culture care diversity and universality. New York: National League for Nursing., pp.44-45)
"Leininger defined nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession and discipline focused on human care phenomena
and caring activities in order to assist, support, facilitate or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health or well-being in
culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help individuals face handicaps or death." (Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2002). Transcultural nursing:Concepts, theories, research & practice. New York: McGraw Hill., p. 46)
Leininger provides a visual aid to her theory with the Sunrise Model.
factorial in academic and excellence uni-versity
Nursing theory
Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge that is used to define or explain various aspects of the profession of nursing.-Grand nursing theories:...
, first published in 1961http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/files/WSP000725.pdf. Her contributions to nursing theory
Nursing theory
Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge that is used to define or explain various aspects of the profession of nursing.-Grand nursing theories:...
involve the discussion of what it is to care. Most notably, she developed the concept of transcultural nursing
Transcultural nursing
Transcultural nursing is how professional nursing interacts with the concept of culture. Based in anthropology and nursing, it is supported by nursing theory, research, and practice. It is a specific cognitive specialty in nursing that focuses on global cultures and comparative cultural caring,...
, bringing the role of cultural factors in nursing practice into the discussion of how to best attend to those in need of nursing care.
Dr. Madeleine Leininger is the founder of the transcultural nursing movement and is one of nursing's most prolific writers. She developed the ethnonursing research model and is the field's authority on cultural care.
The cultural care theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care through "cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individual, group's, or institution's cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways" (Leininger, M. M. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories,research & practices. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.5, p.75) This care is intended to fit with or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds.
Culturalogical assessment for comprehensive, holistic overview of client's background:
- communication and language
- gender considerations
- sexual orientation
- ability/disability
- occupation
- age
- socioeconomic status
- interpersonal relationships
- appearance
- dress
- use of space
- foods
- meal preparation and related lifeways
Leininger proposes that there are three modes for guiding nursing care judgements, decisions, or actions to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care:
(a) preservation and/or maintenance
(b) accommodation and/or negotiation
(c) re-patterning and/or restructuring
"These modes have substantively influenced nurses’ ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care and have fostered the development of culturally-competent nurses." http://nsq.sagepub.com/content/22/3/233
Leininger's theoretical assumptions and orientational definitions:
1. Care is the essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, and unifying focus.
2. Care (caring) is essential for well being, health, healing, growth survival, and to face handicaps or death.
3. Culture care is the broadest holistic means to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena to guide nursing care practices.
4. Nursing is a transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the central purpose to serve human beings worldwide.
5. Care (caring) is essential to curing and healing, for there can be no curing without caring.
6. Culture care concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of care are different (diversity) and similar (towards commonalities or universalities) among all cultures of the world.
7. Every human culture has lay (generic, folk, or indigenous) care knowledge and practices and usually some professional care knowledge and practices which vary transculturally.
8. Cultural care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by and tend to be embedded in worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of a particular culture.
9. Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally based nursing care contributes to the well being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within their environmental context.
10. Culturally congruent or beneficial nursing care can only occur when the individual, group, community, or culture care values, expressions, or patterns are known and used appropriately and in meaningful ways by the nurse with the people.
11. Culture care differences and similarities between professional caregiver(s) and client (generic) care-receiver(s) exist in any human culture worldwide.
12. Clients who experience nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent with their beliefs, values, and caring lifeways will show signs of cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses and ethical or moral concerns.
13. The qualitative paradigm provides new ways of knowing and different ways to discover the epistemic and ontological dimensions of human care transculturally. (Leininger, M. M. (1991). The theory of culture care diversity and universality. New York: National League for Nursing., pp.44-45)
"Leininger defined nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession and discipline focused on human care phenomena
and caring activities in order to assist, support, facilitate or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health or well-being in
culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help individuals face handicaps or death." (Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2002). Transcultural nursing:Concepts, theories, research & practice. New York: McGraw Hill., p. 46)
Leininger provides a visual aid to her theory with the Sunrise Model.
Academic degrees and titles
Dr. Madeleine Leininger holds the following academic degrees and titles:- PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (cultural and social Anthropology)
- LHD - Doctor of Human Sciences
- DS - Doctor of Science
- RN - Registered NurseRegistered nurseA registered nurse is a nurse who has graduated from a nursing program at a university or college and has passed a national licensing exam. A registered nurse helps individuals, families, and groups to achieve health and prevent disease...
- CTN - Certified Transcultural Nurse
- FRCNA - Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing in Australia
- FAAN - Fellow American Academy of Nursing
factorial in academic and excellence uni-versity