Magnuson Act
Encyclopedia
The Magnuson Act also known as the Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 was immigration
legislation proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson
of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943 in the United States. It allowed Chinese immigration for the first time since the Chinese Exclusion Act
of 1882, and permitted some Chinese immigrants already residing in the country to become naturalized
citizens. This marked the first time since the Naturalization Act of 1790
that any Asians were permitted to be naturalized. However, the Magnuson Act provided for the continuation of the ban against the ownership of property and businesses by ethnic Chinese. In many states, Chinese Americans (including US citizens) were denied property-ownership rights by de facto
until the Magnuson Act itself was fully repealed in 1965.
The Magnuson Act was passed on Dec. 17, 1943, the year China became an official allied nation to the United States in World War II
. Although considered a positive development by many, it was particularly restrictive against Chinese immigrants, limiting them to an annual quota of 105 new entry visas. The quota was supposedly determined by the Immigration Act of 1924
, which set immigration from qualifying countries at 2% of the number of people who were already living in the United States in 1890 of that nationality. However, the arrived-at number of 105 per annum granted to the Chinese was disproportionately low. (The quota should have been 2,150 per annum, as official census figures place the population of ethnic Chinese living in the USA in 1890 at 107,488 persons.) Regardless of method of calculation, the number of Chinese immigrants allowed into the USA was disproprtionately low in ratio to the sanctioned immigration of other nationalities and ethnicities. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965
.
The full text of the Magnuson Act can be found here: http://library.uwb.edu/guides/USimmigration/57%20stat%20600.pdf
16 U.S.C. Sec. 1801 is also referred to as "The Magnuson Act". It was enacted in 1976, and is a Congressional response to depleted fish populations in the United States. The Act established regional Councils that were to develop Fishery Management Plans.
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
legislation proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson
Warren G. Magnuson
Warren Grant "Maggie" Magnuson was a United States Senator of the Democratic Party from Washington from 1944 until 1981. Upon leaving the Senate, he was the most senior member of the body...
of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943 in the United States. It allowed Chinese immigration for the first time since the Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of...
of 1882, and permitted some Chinese immigrants already residing in the country to become naturalized
Naturalization
Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship and nationality by somebody who was not a citizen of that country at the time of birth....
citizens. This marked the first time since the Naturalization Act of 1790
Naturalization Act of 1790
The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship. This law limited naturalization to immigrants who were "free white persons" of "good moral character". It thus left out indentured...
that any Asians were permitted to be naturalized. However, the Magnuson Act provided for the continuation of the ban against the ownership of property and businesses by ethnic Chinese. In many states, Chinese Americans (including US citizens) were denied property-ownership rights by de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
until the Magnuson Act itself was fully repealed in 1965.
The Magnuson Act was passed on Dec. 17, 1943, the year China became an official allied nation to the United States in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Although considered a positive development by many, it was particularly restrictive against Chinese immigrants, limiting them to an annual quota of 105 new entry visas. The quota was supposedly determined by the Immigration Act of 1924
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and Asian Exclusion Act , was a United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already...
, which set immigration from qualifying countries at 2% of the number of people who were already living in the United States in 1890 of that nationality. However, the arrived-at number of 105 per annum granted to the Chinese was disproportionately low. (The quota should have been 2,150 per annum, as official census figures place the population of ethnic Chinese living in the USA in 1890 at 107,488 persons.) Regardless of method of calculation, the number of Chinese immigrants allowed into the USA was disproprtionately low in ratio to the sanctioned immigration of other nationalities and ethnicities. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965
Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924...
.
The full text of the Magnuson Act can be found here: http://library.uwb.edu/guides/USimmigration/57%20stat%20600.pdf
Maritime laws also known as "Magnuson Act"
The "Magnuson Act of 1950" (Chap. 656, 64 Stat. 427) amended the Espionage Act of 1917 (Chap. 30, Title II, 40 Stat. 220) pertaining to the movement and inspection of foreign vessels in U.S. waters. Provisions for port security were thereupon added by Executive Order (No. 10173, 15 Fed. Reg. 7005 (Oct. 18, 1950)).16 U.S.C. Sec. 1801 is also referred to as "The Magnuson Act". It was enacted in 1976, and is a Congressional response to depleted fish populations in the United States. The Act established regional Councils that were to develop Fishery Management Plans.