Mahonia
Encyclopedia
Mahonia is a genus of about 70 species of evergreen
Evergreen
In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant that has leaves in all seasons. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season.There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs...

 shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...

s in the family Berberidaceae
Berberidaceae
Berberidaceae are a family of 15 genera flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 570 species, of which the majority are in Berberis...

, native to eastern Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

, the Himalaya, North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

 and Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...

. They are closely related to the genus Berberis
Berberis
Berberis , the barberries or pepperidge bushes, is a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. They are closely related to the genus...

. Botanists disagree on the acceptability of the genus name Mahonia. Several authorities argue plants in this genus should be included in the genus Berberis because several species in both genera are able to hybridize, and because when the two genera are looked at as a whole, there is no definite morphological separation. Mahonia typically have large, pinnate leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....

 10-50 cm long with 5-15 leaflets, and flower
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...

s in raceme
Raceme
A raceme is a type of inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate flowers — flowers having short floral stalks called pedicels — along the axis. In botany, axis means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In a raceme, the oldest flowers are borne...

s (5-20 cm long).

The genus name Mahonia honors the Philadelphia horticulturist Bernard McMahon
Bernard McMahon
Bernard McMahon or M'Mahon was an Irish-American horticulturist settled in Philadelphia, who served as one of the stewards of the plant collections from the Lewis and Clark expedition and was the author of The American Gardener's Calendar: Adapted to the Climates and Seasons of the United States...

 who introduced the plant from materials collected by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition, or ″Corps of Discovery Expedition" was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by two Virginia-born veterans of Indian wars in the Ohio Valley, Meriwether Lewis and William...

.

The type species of the genus is Mahonia aquifolium, (Oregon-grape
Oregon-grape
Oregon-grape is an evergreen shrub related to the barberry. Some authors place Mahonia in the barberry genus, Berberis...

) from the Pacific coast
Pacific Coast
A country's Pacific coast is the part of its coast bordering the Pacific Ocean.-The Americas:Countries on the western side of the Americas have a Pacific coast as their western border.* Geography of Canada* Geography of Chile* Geography of Colombia...

 of North America.

Several species are popular garden
Garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has...

 shrubs, grown for their ornamental evergreen foliage, yellow flowers in autumn, winter and early spring, and blue-black berries
Berry
The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary. Grapes are an example. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors....

. The berries are edible, and rich in vitamin C
Vitamin C
Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animal species. In living organisms ascorbate acts as an antioxidant by protecting the body against oxidative stress...

, though with a very sharp flavor.

Selected species


Asia
  • Mahonia bealei
  • Mahonia bodinieri
  • Mahonia bracteolata
  • Mahonia breviracema
  • Mahonia conferta
    Mahonia conferta
    Mahonia conferta is a species of plant in the Berberidaceae family. It is endemic to China.-Source:* China Plant Specialist Group 2004. . Downloaded on 22 August 2007....

  • Mahonia confusa
  • Mahonia decipiens
    Mahonia decipiens
    Mahonia decipiens is a species of plant in the Berberidaceae family. It is endemic to China.-Source:* China Plant Specialist Group 2004. . Downloaded on 22 August 2007....

  • Mahonia duclouxiana
  • Mahonia eurybracteata
  • Mahonia fordii
  • Mahonia fortunei
    Mahonia fortunei
    Mahonia fortunei is a medium-size shrub in the Mahonia genus and Berberidaceae family. It is a mutli-stemmed upright shrub native to China, East Asia and the Himalaya. It is commonly known as Chinese Mahonia....

  • Mahonia gracilipes
  • Mahonia hancockiana
  • Mahonia japonica
    Mahonia japonica
    Mahonia japonica is a medium sized shrub native to northeastern China.It has small scented yellow flowers borne in winter. The flowers are the inflorescences are 25cm or more long. They are first arching and then pendant. Dark or black fruits develop in spring and summer.The foliage is pinnate,...

  • Mahonia leptodonta
  • Mahonia lomariifolia
    Mahonia lomariifolia
    Mahonia lomariifolia is a large upright growing shrub or small tree, up to 9 meters high. It is native to the region between Yunnan, Sichuan, northern Burma and east to Taiwan.The foliage is borne in tufts at the top of the stems...

  • Mahonia longibracteata
  • Mahonia mairei
  • Mahonia media
  • Mahonia monyulensis
  • Mahonia napaulensis
  • Mahonia nitens
  • Mahonia oiwakensis
    Mahonia oiwakensis
    Mahonia oiwakensis is a species of plant in the Berberidaceae family. It is endemic to Taiwan.-Source:* Pan, F.J. 1998. . Downloaded on 22 August 2007....

  • Mahonia setosa
  • Mahonia shenii
  • Mahonia sheridaniana
  • Mahonia siamensis
  • Mahonia taronensis
  • Mahonia veitchiorum

North and Central America    
  • Mahonia aquifolium
    Oregon-grape
    Oregon-grape is an evergreen shrub related to the barberry. Some authors place Mahonia in the barberry genus, Berberis...

  • Mahonia arguta
  • Mahonia dictyota
  • Mahonia eutriphylla
  • Mahonia fremontii
    Mahonia fremontii
    Mahonia fremontii is a species of barberry known by the common name Frémont's mahonia .-Distribution:...

  • Mahonia gracilis
  • Mahonia haematocarpa
    Mahonia haematocarpa
    Mahonia haematocarpa is a species of barberry known by the common name red barberry. It is also sometimes called algerita, but that name is more often applied to its relative, Mahonia trifoliolata...

  • Mahonia nervosa
  • Mahonia nevinii
    Mahonia nevinii
    Mahonia nevinii is a species of flowering shrub in the barberry family known by the common name Nevin's barberry. This plant is endemic to southern California, where it is known from very few occurrences in the chaparral of inland canyons and foothills...

  • Mahonia pinnata
  • Mahonia pumila
  • Mahonia repens
  • Mahonia swaseyi
  • Mahonia toluacensis
  • Mahonia trifolia
  • Mahonia trifoliolata
    Mahonia trifoliolata
    Mahonia trifoliolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae that is native to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the United States and northern Mexico. Common names include Agarita, Agrito, Algerita, Currant-of-Texas, Wild Currant, and Chaparral Berry...


External links

Mahonia garden varieties
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