Mainspring gauge
Encyclopedia
Mainspring gauges were used to measure the sizes of watch mainspring
s so that replacement springs could be ordered from a supply house.
Mainsprings are characterised by their strength (thickness) and height (width).
They were made by several European companies and are all similar to the gauge in Figure 1, being brass plates with notches on both edges and round sinks on both sides.
The height of a spring is measured by finding the smallest notch on the edge of the gauge into which it will fit. The strength is determined by finding the smallest round sink into which the mainspring barrel (horology)
will fit. (The diameter of the barrel is related to the mainspring length and strength, but this method for determining strength only works for springs of standard lengths.)
Each manufacturer used a different arbitrary scale to describe mainspring sizes, but these sizes are usually based on the French inch.
A better method for measuring strength is to use a slit gauge, Figure 2, with which the thickness of the mainspring is measured directly. This gauge uses a scale of sizes running from 21 (0.05 mm) to 5/0 (0.30 mm).
Scales used in watchmaking generally do not use negative numbers. Instead, after size 0 there is 2/0 or 00, 3/0 or 000, and so on.
About 1840 Aaron Lufkin Dennison
devised a gauge "upon which all the different parts of a watch could be accurately measured", Figure 3. Later this became known as the "US Standard" gauge. The edges have the usual notches for mainspring heights (based on the Imperial inch, but there is no obvious way to determine mainspring strength, except perhaps by barrel diameter using one of the three scales on the top left (which are Imperial inch scales in 1/64th and 1/32nd divisions).
Over time, this gauge was simplified and reduced to being purely a mainspring gauge, Figure 4. Only the height notches remain and a thickness slit gauge added to it. The slit gauge is also based on the Imperial inch, but it often has metric equivalents which are crude approximations.
Mainspring
A mainspring is a spiral torsion spring of metal ribbon that is the power source in mechanical watches and some clocks. Winding the timepiece, by turning a knob or key, stores energy in the mainspring by twisting the spiral tighter. The force of the mainspring then turns the clock's wheels as it...
s so that replacement springs could be ordered from a supply house.
Mainsprings are characterised by their strength (thickness) and height (width).
European gauges
The height of a spring is measured by finding the smallest notch on the edge of the gauge into which it will fit. The strength is determined by finding the smallest round sink into which the mainspring barrel (horology)
Barrel (horology)
Used in mechanical watches and clocks, a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover, with a ring of gear teeth around it, containing a spiral spring called the mainspring, which provides power to run the timepiece. The barrel turns on an arbor . The spring is hooked to the barrel at its...
will fit. (The diameter of the barrel is related to the mainspring length and strength, but this method for determining strength only works for springs of standard lengths.)
Each manufacturer used a different arbitrary scale to describe mainspring sizes, but these sizes are usually based on the French inch.
Scales used in watchmaking generally do not use negative numbers. Instead, after size 0 there is 2/0 or 00, 3/0 or 000, and so on.
Dennison "US Standard" gauges
Aaron Lufkin Dennison
Aaron Lufkin Dennison .-Early life:Aaron Dennison was born in Freeport, Maine, after which the family moved to Brunswick, Maine. He was the son of Andrew Dennison, a boot and shoemaker who was also a music teacher. As a child Aaron earned pocket money by carrying a builder’s hod, working as a...
devised a gauge "upon which all the different parts of a watch could be accurately measured", Figure 3. Later this became known as the "US Standard" gauge. The edges have the usual notches for mainspring heights (based on the Imperial inch, but there is no obvious way to determine mainspring strength, except perhaps by barrel diameter using one of the three scales on the top left (which are Imperial inch scales in 1/64th and 1/32nd divisions).