Malvidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. As a primary plant pigment, its glycoside

Glycoside

In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety, usually a small organic molecule. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme...

s are highly abundant in nature. It is responsible primarily for the color of red wine, Vitis vinifera

Vitis vinifera

Vitis vinifera is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran....

being one of its sources. It is also one of the anthocyanidins responsible for the blue pigment found in the Primula

Primula

Primula is a genus of 400–500 species of low-growing herbs in the family Primulaceae. They include primrose, auricula, cowslip and oxlip. Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers...

plants of the polyanthus group.

Slightly acidic and neutral

PH

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline...

 solutions of malvidin are characteristically of a red color, while basic

Base (chemistry)

For the term in genetics, see base A base in chemistry is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions or more generally, donate electron pairs. A soluble base is referred to as an alkali if it contains and releases hydroxide ions quantitatively...

 solutions of malvidin yield a blue color.

The breakdown of malvidin releases syringic acid

Syringic acid

Syringic acid is a naturally occurring O-methylated trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of chemical compound. It can be found in the açaí palm and its oil , in Ardisia elliptica...

.

Glycosides

• Malvin
  Malvin
  Malvin is a naturally occurring chemical of the Anthocyanin family. It is a diglucoside of malvidin mainly found as a pigment in herbs like Malva , Primula and Rhododendron...
  
   is a malvidin diglucoside
  Glucoside
  A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes....
  
  .
• Oenin
  Oenin
  Oenin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of malvidin. It can be found in the skin of purple grapes and in wine. It is the red pigment in red wine....
  
   is the malvidin-3-glucoside.
• Primulin
  Primulin (flavonoid)
  Primulin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-galactoside of malvidin. It can be found in Primula sinensis....
  
   is the 3-O-galactoside
  Galactoside
  A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose. The H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic moiety.Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "above" or "below" the plane of the galactose molecule, galactosides are classified as α-galactosides or β-galactosides....
  
  of malvidin.