Mandarina is a genus of air-breathing land snail

Land snail

A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

, a terrestrial

Terrestrial animal

Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae

Bradybaenidae

Bradybaenidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea....

.

Mandarina have been traditionally placed within Camaenidae

Camaenidae

Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora....

. Phylogenic study by Chiba (1999) have found, that Mandarina is closely related to Euhadra

Euhadra

Euhadra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bradybaenidae. ....

(family Bradybaenidae) and that Mandarina have probably evolved from Euhadra.

Species

Species within the genus Mandarina include:

• Mandarina anijimana
  Mandarina anijimana
  Mandarina anijimana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina aureola
  Mandarina aureola
  Mandarina aureola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina chichijimana
  Mandarina chichijimana
  Mandarina chichijimana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina conus
• Mandarina exoptata
  Mandarina exoptata
  Mandarina exoptata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina hahajimana
  Mandarina hahajimana
  Mandarina hahajimana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina hirasei
  Mandarina hirasei
  Mandarina hirasei is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina luhuana
  Mandarina luhuana
  Mandarina luhuana is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is endemic to Chichi-jima and Minami-jima of the Bonin Islands in Japan.-References:...
  
  
• Mandarina mandarina
  Mandarina mandarina
  Mandarina mandarina is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina polita
  Mandarina polita
  Mandarina luhuana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina ponderosa
  Mandarina ponderosa
  Mandarina ponderosa is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina suenoae
  Mandarina suenoae
  Mandarina suenoae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan.-References:* Mollusc Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 7 August 2007....
  
  
• Mandarina trifasciata

Ecology

Mandarina live in various habitats including arboreal, semi-arboreal, ground habitats, wet habitats and dry habitats.

External links

• Mandarina: A Microcosm of Biodiversity
• Davison A. & Chiba S. (2006). "The recent history and population structure of five Mandarina snail species from subtropical Ogasawara (Bonin Islands, Japan)". Molecular Ecology
  Molecular ecology
  Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions...
  
  15(10): 2905-2919. , doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02990.x.