was an aircraft company in Manchukuo

Manchukuo

Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...

 in the 1930s and 1940s, producing a variety of mostly military aircraft and aircraft components. It was named Manshū or Mansyū in short.

History

The Manshū Aircraft Company was established in late 1938 under the supervision of the Japanese government as a subsidiary of the Nakajima Aircraft Company

Nakajima Aircraft Company

The Nakajima Aircraft Company was a prominent Japanese aircraft manufacturer throughout World War II.-History:...

 (Nakajima Hikoki K.K.) of Japan

Japan

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. Its main plant was located in Harbin

Harbin

Harbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River...

, Manchukuo.

From 1941 to 1945, Mansyū produced a total of 2,196 airframe

Airframe

The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure. It is typically considered to include fuselage, wings and undercarriage and exclude the propulsion system...

s (eighth among Japanese airframe manufacturers),, of which 798 were combat aircraft. The company also produced 2,168 aircraft engines (sixth among Japanese aircraft engine manufacturers). In addition, Mansyū provided repair services for a variety of aircraft in the Manchukuo Air Force

Manchukuo Air Force

The Manchukuo Imperial Air Force was established in February 1937, initially with 30 men selected from the Manchukuo Imperial Army and trained at the Japanese Kwantung Army aircraft arsenal in Harbin...

 and for Imperial Japanese Army Air Force units stationed in Manchukuo.

The Soviet Army

Soviet Army

The Soviet Army is the name given to the main part of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1992. Previously, it had been known as the Red Army. Informally, Армия referred to all the MOD armed forces, except, in some cases, the Soviet Navy.This article covers the Soviet Ground...

 confiscated the companys factory and equipment in 1945 at the end of World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, and the Soviets took much of its equipment back to the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 as war reparations

War reparations

War reparations are payments intended to cover damage or injury during a war. Generally, the term war reparations refers to money or goods changing hands, rather than such property transfers as the annexation of land.- History :...

. Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation

Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation

Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation , often shortened to Hafei, is an aircraft manufacturing company located in Harbin, the capital of the Heilongjiang Province of the People's Republic of China....

, one of the major aircraft producers in the People's Republic of China

People's Republic of China

China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

, redeveloped the site.

Licensed production

Mansyū produced a variety of Japanese aircraft under license production agreements:

• Kawasaki Ki-10
  Kawasaki Ki-10
  |-See also:-External links:* *...
  
   (World War II Allied reporting name
  World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft
  The World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft were reporting names, often described as codenames, given by Allied personnel to Imperial Japanese aircraft during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The names were used by Allied personnel to identify Japanese aircraft for reporting and...
  
   "Perry") fighter
• Kawasaki Ki-32
  Kawasaki Ki-32
  |-See also:-External links:*...
  
   (Allied reporting name "Mary") light bomber
• Kawasaki Ki-45
  Kawasaki Ki-45
  The Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu was a two-seat, twin-engine fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. The army gave it the designation "Type 2 Two-Seat Fighter"; the Allied reporting name was "Nick"....
  
   Toryu (Allied reporting name "Nick") twin-engined fighter
• Kawasaki Ki-61
  Kawasaki Ki-61
  The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien was a Japanese World War II fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force...
  
   Hien (Allied reporting name "Tony") fighter
• Kawasaki Type 88 (KDA-2) light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft
• Mitsubishi Ki-15
  Mitsubishi Ki-15
  The was a Japanese reconnaissance aircraft and a light attack bomber of the Second Sino-Japanese War and Pacific War. It began as a fast civilian mail plane. It was a single-engine, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage; it carried a crew of two. It served with both...
  
   (Allied reporting name "Babs") reconnaissance aircraft
• Mitsubishi Ki-30
  Mitsubishi Ki-30
  |-See also:-External links:* *...
  
   (Allied reporting name "Ann") light bomber
• Mitsubishi Ki-46
  Mitsubishi Ki-46
  The Mitsubishi Ki-46 was a twin-engine reconnaissance aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Its Army Shiki designation was Type 100 Command Reconnaissance Aircraft ; the Allied nickname was "Dinah"....
  
   (Allied reporting name "Dinah") reconnaissance aircraft
• Nakajima Ki-27
  Nakajima Ki-27
  The was the main fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force up until 1940. Its Allied nickname was "Nate", although it was called "Abdul" in the "China Burma India" theater by many post war sources; Allied Intelligence had reserved that name for the nonexistent Mitsubishi Navy...
  
   (Allied reporting name "Nate") light fighter (1,379 units)
• Nakajima Ki-34 (Allied reporting name "Thora") transport
• Nakajima Ki-43
  Nakajima Ki-43
  The Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa was a single-engine land-based tactical fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in World War II...
  
  Ia Hayabusa (Allied reporting name "Oscar") fighter
• Nakajima Ki-44
  Nakajima Ki-44
  The Nakajima Ki-44 Shōki was a single-engine fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in World War II. The type first flew in August 1940 and entered service in 1942...
  
  Ia Shoki (Allied reporting name "Tojo") fighter
• Nakajima Ki-84
  Nakajima Ki-84
  The Nakajima Ki-84 was a single-seat fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in World War II. The Allied reporting name was "Frank"; the Japanese Army designation was . Featuring excellent performance and high maneuverability, the Ki-84 was considered to be the best Japanese fighter...
  
   Hayate (Allied reporting name "Frank") advanced fighter (94 units)
• Nakajima Ki-116
  Nakajima Ki-116
  -References:NotesBibliography* Aeronautical Staff of Aero Publishers Inc. Nakajima KI-84 . Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1965. ISBN 0-81680-504-0....
  
   advanced fighter, also known as Manshū Ki-116
• Nakajima Type 91 (NC) fighter
• Tachikawa Ki-9
  Tachikawa Ki-9
  |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-370-30251-6....
  
   (Allied reporting name "Spruce") intermediate trainer
• Tachikawa Ki-54
  Tachikawa Ki-54
  -See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam Aeronautical, 1979. ISBN 0-370-30251-6....
  
   (Allied reporting name "Hickory") advanced trainer
• Tachikawa Ki-55
  Tachikawa Ki-55
  |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970...
  
   (Allied reporting name "Ida") advanced trainer

Independent designs

Mansyū also developed a number of aircraft independently:

• Manshū Hayabusa I, II, and III airliner (30 units)
• Manshū Ki-79 advanced trainer
• Manshū Ki-71 dive bomber
  Dive bomber
  A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops. Diving towards the target reduces the distance the bomb has to fall, which is the primary factor in determining the accuracy of the drop...
  
   prototype (Allied reporting name "Edna")
• Manshū Ki-98 advanced twin-boom high-altitude interceptor
  Interceptor
  -Vehicles:* Interceptor aircraft , a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft* Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor, a police car...
  
  project

Among the Mansyū independent designs, however, only the Ki-79 advanced trainer reached mass production, as the Army Type 2 Advanced Trainer.

External links

• Pacific War Online Encyclopedia