Mansura, Sindh
Encyclopedia
Mansura was the first Sindhi
Muslim
capital from the year 711.AD to 1006.AD, the city was founded as a central garrison by the Umayyad Forces in Sindh, the city transformed into a very vibrant metropolis during the Abbasid Era surpassing the wealth of Multan
in the north and Debal
in the south.
Mansura was built on the shores of the Indus River
, it was surrounded by fertile farmland, Ibn Hauqal mentioned the wealthy local merchants who wore Baghdad Costume and were of Sindhi
-Arab
origins, houses were made of clay, baked bricks and plaster.
Mansura exported herbs and spices, textiles, ivory, metals and mirrors to Baghdad
. There were some renown educational institutions in the city, Mansura produced the first translation of the Quran in the Sindhi
language, it was used widely throughout the Indus region. The city was the hometown of famous historical figures such as Sind ibn Ali
he introduced the Arabic numerals
and the Zij al-Sindhind
; Abu Mashar Sindhi
is described by many historians and chroniclers as a pioneer in the compilation of Hadith
; Abu Raja Sindhi
lived in Baghdad and engaged in scientific and literary pursuits they translated a large number of ancient books of South Asia
on mathematics, astronomy, astrology, medicine, literature and ethics into Arabic.
According to geologists an earthquake struck both Debal
and Mansura in the year 893.AD, the city was later ruled by the Soomro
Emir
s. Mansura was sacked by the forces of Mahmud of Ghazni
because the inhabitants feared his reputation and refused to open the gates. The city never recovered and its Soomro Emirs were deposed.
Sindhi people
Sindhis are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh, a province Formerly of British India, now in Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity...
Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
capital from the year 711.AD to 1006.AD, the city was founded as a central garrison by the Umayyad Forces in Sindh, the city transformed into a very vibrant metropolis during the Abbasid Era surpassing the wealth of Multan
Multan
Multan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
in the north and Debal
Debal
-Introduction:Debal was an ancient port located near modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In Arabic, it was usually called Daybul it is adjacent to the nearby Manora Island and was administered by Mansura, and later Thatta....
in the south.
Indus River
The Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through China and India.Originating in the Tibetan plateau of western China in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and...
, it was surrounded by fertile farmland, Ibn Hauqal mentioned the wealthy local merchants who wore Baghdad Costume and were of Sindhi
Sindhi people
Sindhis are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh, a province Formerly of British India, now in Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity...
-Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
origins, houses were made of clay, baked bricks and plaster.
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
. There were some renown educational institutions in the city, Mansura produced the first translation of the Quran in the Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
language, it was used widely throughout the Indus region. The city was the hometown of famous historical figures such as Sind ibn Ali
Sind ibn Ali
Sind ibn Ali-Musa, Sind ibn ʿAlī , was a renowned Sindhi Muslim astronomer, translator, mathematician and engineer. His father Ali-Musa was a convert to Islam and an aristocrat who lived in Mansura, Sindh. Sind ibn ʿAlī traveled to Baghdad and received the best education available.He is known to...
he introduced the Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals or Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals or Indo-Arabic numerals are the ten digits . They are descended from the Hindu-Arabic numeral system developed by Indian mathematicians, in which a sequence of digits such as "975" is read as a numeral...
and the Zij al-Sindhind
Zij al-Sindhind
Zīj al-Sindhind is a work consisting of approximately 37 chapters on calendar and astronomical calculations and 116 tables with calendar, astronomical and astrological data, as well as a table of sine values. This is the first of many Arabic Zij's based on the Indian astronomical methods known as...
; Abu Mashar Sindhi
Abu Mashar Sindhi
Abu Ma'shar Al-Sindi ابو ماشرالسندي : was a scholar of Hadith literature from Mansura, Sindh now the part of Pakistan.-Life and work:...
is described by many historians and chroniclers as a pioneer in the compilation of Hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
; Abu Raja Sindhi
Abu Raja Sindhi
Abu Raja Al-Sindiابو راجه السندي :Was the Arabic Scholar of Sindhi origin . He was traditionally of preoccupied with the Quran, Hadith and literature...
lived in Baghdad and engaged in scientific and literary pursuits they translated a large number of ancient books of South Asia
South Asia
South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east...
on mathematics, astronomy, astrology, medicine, literature and ethics into Arabic.
According to geologists an earthquake struck both Debal
Debal
-Introduction:Debal was an ancient port located near modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In Arabic, it was usually called Daybul it is adjacent to the nearby Manora Island and was administered by Mansura, and later Thatta....
and Mansura in the year 893.AD, the city was later ruled by the Soomro
Soomro
Soomro or Soomra is a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan, Pakistan.- History and origin :The Soomra Dynasty was established by the Soomro tribe of Sindh. The Soomra ruled Sindh from 750-1351. Following the 985 CE expulsion of the Qarmatian Muslim sect from Iraq and Egypt, the...
Emir
Emir
Emir , meaning "commander", "general", or "prince"; also transliterated as Amir, Aamir or Ameer) is a title of high office, used throughout the Muslim world...
s. Mansura was sacked by the forces of Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni , actually ', was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled from 997 until his death in 1030 in the eastern Iranian lands. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Iran,...
because the inhabitants feared his reputation and refused to open the gates. The city never recovered and its Soomro Emirs were deposed.
See also
- DebalDebal-Introduction:Debal was an ancient port located near modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In Arabic, it was usually called Daybul it is adjacent to the nearby Manora Island and was administered by Mansura, and later Thatta....
- MultanMultanMultan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
- Abbasid Era
- Zij al-SindhindZij al-SindhindZīj al-Sindhind is a work consisting of approximately 37 chapters on calendar and astronomical calculations and 116 tables with calendar, astronomical and astrological data, as well as a table of sine values. This is the first of many Arabic Zij's based on the Indian astronomical methods known as...
- Abu Mashar SindhiAbu Mashar SindhiAbu Ma'shar Al-Sindi ابو ماشرالسندي : was a scholar of Hadith literature from Mansura, Sindh now the part of Pakistan.-Life and work:...
- Sind ibn AliSind ibn AliSind ibn Ali-Musa, Sind ibn ʿAlī , was a renowned Sindhi Muslim astronomer, translator, mathematician and engineer. His father Ali-Musa was a convert to Islam and an aristocrat who lived in Mansura, Sindh. Sind ibn ʿAlī traveled to Baghdad and received the best education available.He is known to...
- Ibn Hauqal
- Soomro Dynasty