Marc Armand Ruffer
Encyclopedia
Sir Marc Armand Ruffer was an Anglo-German experimental pathologist
and bacteriologist
; he is considered a pioneer of modern paleopathology
.
Born in 1859 in Lyon, France, Ruffer, was the son of German banker Baron Alphonse Jacques Ruffer
and his wife Caroline.
He studied at Brasenose Oxford, University College, London and the Pasteur Institute
in Paris. In 1891 Ruffer was appointed the first director of the British Institute of Preventive Medicine, today's Lister Institute. Moving to Egypt for health reasons Ruffer was appointed a professor of bacteriology at the Cairo Medical School in 1896, later taking roles on committees dealing with health, disease, and sanitation. It was in Egypt that Ruffer worked on the histology of mummies publishing his findings and helping to establish the field of palaeopathology. Knighted in 1916 he went to Greece during the First World War to improve sanitation. Returning to Egypt onboard the ship Arcadian on 15th April 1917 he was lost at sea when the ship was torpedoed off the Greek coast without warning by German submarine UC74 with the loss of 279 lives.
Ruffer married Alice Mary Greenfield in 1890 and had three children.
Experimental pathology
Experimental pathology, also known as investigative pathology is the scientific study of disease processes through the microscopic or molecular examination of organs, tissues, cells, or body fluids from diseased organisms. It is closely related, both historically and in modern academic settings, to...
and bacteriologist
Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the study of bacteria. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species...
; he is considered a pioneer of modern paleopathology
Paleopathology
Paleopathology, also spelled palaeopathology, is the study of ancient diseases. It is useful in understanding the past history of diseases, and uses this understanding to predict its course in the future.- History of paleopathology :...
.
Born in 1859 in Lyon, France, Ruffer, was the son of German banker Baron Alphonse Jacques Ruffer
A Ruffer & Sons
-History:Founded by Baron Joseph Ruffer, a German merchant, in 1872 to support his family's involvement in the silk trade. By the turn of the century the bank had diversified into supporting farming and the wool trade in both French and Belgium Flanders and opened a branch in London to manage its...
and his wife Caroline.
He studied at Brasenose Oxford, University College, London and the Pasteur Institute
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax...
in Paris. In 1891 Ruffer was appointed the first director of the British Institute of Preventive Medicine, today's Lister Institute. Moving to Egypt for health reasons Ruffer was appointed a professor of bacteriology at the Cairo Medical School in 1896, later taking roles on committees dealing with health, disease, and sanitation. It was in Egypt that Ruffer worked on the histology of mummies publishing his findings and helping to establish the field of palaeopathology. Knighted in 1916 he went to Greece during the First World War to improve sanitation. Returning to Egypt onboard the ship Arcadian on 15th April 1917 he was lost at sea when the ship was torpedoed off the Greek coast without warning by German submarine UC74 with the loss of 279 lives.
Ruffer married Alice Mary Greenfield in 1890 and had three children.