Marchigiano
Encyclopedia
Marchigiano is a Romance
language spoken in the region of Marche
, in Italy
, in a zone which includes the provinces of Ancona
, the Macerata
's one and the Fermo
's one. It is one of the Central Italian
dialects, and considered connected to Umbrian dialects and Tuscan much more in the northern part. There are notable grammatical and idiomatic differences between Marchigiano and standard Italian language.
In itself Marchigiano is not uniform from town to town, being divided in three main parts:
The conjugation of to be and to have got at the present indicative tense in the two main dialects is as follows :
, Loreto
, Osimo
, Jesi
, Chiaravalle
and Falconara. Particularly this dialect's speakers use always the articles el (the male singular, Italian il) unlike standard Italian which in some case uses lo (the male singular). Only the speakers of the town which are closer to Macerata (Osimo, Castelfidardo
, Loreto, Porto Recanati) use the article lo like in Italian. These cities also suffer other influences from Macerata's dialect because they're closer to it.
) and in the towns closer to it. The rhotacism
happens in this dialect (calza (sock) > carza, fulmine (lightning) > furmine).
The rhotacism
happens. A lot of assimilations
happens:
ammò (adv. by this time; now), babbu (n. dad; father), bardasciu or vardasciu (n. boy; child), bedollu or bidullu (n. poplar), brenciu or vrenciu (adj. bitter; sour), ciambottu or ciammottu (n. toad / clumsy), cuscì (adv. in this way),grannola (n. hail), (a)lluccà (vb. to shout; to scream), nnertu (adj. thick), rosciu or rusciu (adj. red), sbisgià or sbiscià (vb. to slide), scì (adv. yes).
Romance languages
The Romance languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, more precisely of the Italic languages subfamily, comprising all the languages that descend from Vulgar Latin, the language of ancient Rome...
language spoken in the region of Marche
Marche
The population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata...
, in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, in a zone which includes the provinces of Ancona
Province of Ancona
The Province of Ancona is a province in the Marche region of central Italy. Its capital is the city of Ancona. The province has an area of 1940 km² and a 2006 population of 465,906 in 49 comuni , see Comunes of the Province of Ancona....
, the Macerata
Province of Macerata
The Province of Macerata is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Macerata.It has an area of 2,774 km², and a total population of 301,701 . There are 57 comunes in the province, see Comunes of the Province of Macerata.-External links:*...
's one and the Fermo
Province of Fermo
The Province of Fermo is a province in the Marche, central Italy, constituted in 2004. The province came into existence in 2009. The administrative centre is the city of Fermo...
's one. It is one of the Central Italian
Central Italian
Central Italian is a group of Italo-Dalmatian Romance dialects spoken in Lazio, Umbria, central Marche, the far south of Tuscany and a small part of Abruzzo, in central Italy....
dialects, and considered connected to Umbrian dialects and Tuscan much more in the northern part. There are notable grammatical and idiomatic differences between Marchigiano and standard Italian language.
In itself Marchigiano is not uniform from town to town, being divided in three main parts:
- the AnconaAnconaAncona is a city and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy, with a population of 101,909 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region....
's dialect (Anconitano) - the FabrianoFabrianoFabriano is a town and comune of Ancona province in the Italian region of the Marche, at 325 m above sea-level. It lies in the Esino valley 44 km upstream and SW of Jesi; and 15 km ENE of Fossato di Vico and 36 km east of Gubbio...
's dialect (Fabrianese) - the MacerataMacerataMacerata is a city and comune in central Italy, the capital of the province of Macerata in the Marche region.The historical city center is located on a hill between the Chienti and Potenza rivers. It consisted of the Picenes city named Ricina, then, after the romanization, Recina and Helvia Recina...
's dialect (Maceratese).
Common features
The three areas of the Marchigiano dialect are united by some common features which distinguish the dialect from the others central Italian languages :- The Italian words stressedStress (linguistics)In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. The term is also used for similar patterns of phonetic prominence inside syllables. The word accent is sometimes also used with this sense.The stress placed...
on the penultimate syllable which end in no ni or ne suffer the apocopeApocopeIn phonology, apocope is the loss of one or more sounds from the end of a word, and especially the loss of an unstressed vowel.-Historical sound change:...
of the last syllable. So the word contadino (farmer) gets contadì, the word piccioni (pigeons) gets picciò, the word cane (dog) gets cà. - The Italian words which end in -aio change their last syllable in -aro. So the word fornaio (baker) gets fornaro.
- The sound ʎ (gli) of the Italian words is changed in a simple [i]. So the word figlio [ˈfiʎːo] (son) gets fìio or fio [ˈfio].
- Generally the final sound -o of the Italian words is changed in -u : fornaio (baker) > fornaru, figlio (son) > fiiu.
- The infinitiveInfinitiveIn grammar, infinitive is the name for certain verb forms that exist in many languages. In the usual description of English, the infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to: therefore, do and to do, be and to be, and so on are infinitives...
of the Italian verbs loses the final sound -re : amare (to love) > amà, mettere (to put) > mette, morire (to die) > morì. - The group ng suffer from the assimilationAssimilation (linguistics)Assimilation is a common phonological process by which the sound of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the following word. This occurs when the parts of the mouth and vocal cords start to form the beginning sounds of the next word before the last sound has been...
in gn : mangiamo (we eat) > magnamo. - The third-person plural inflection is the same of the singular one. So the word ama can mean he (she, it) loves or they love.
The conjugation of to be and to have got at the present indicative tense in the two main dialects is as follows :
| English | Anconitano | Maceratese | Italian | |
| I | am | so | so | sono |
| you | are | sai | ssi | sei |
| he/she/it | is | è | adè | è |
| we | are | semo | simo | siamo |
| you | are | sete | sete | siete |
| they | are | è(ne) | adè | sono |
| English | Anconitano | Maceratese | Italian | |
| I | have got | ciò | ciò | ho |
| you | have got | ciài | ci(ài) | hai |
| he/she/it | has got | cià | cià | ha |
| we | have got | ciavémo | ciaìmo | abbiamo |
| you | have got | ciavéte | ciaéte | avete |
| they | have got | cià(ne) | cià | hanno |
Ancona's dialect
The dialect of Ancona is spoken in the area included among the town of Ancona, Porto RecanatiPorto Recanati
Porto Recanati is a town and comune in the centre of Italy, on the eastern coast on the Adriatic sea. It is located in the province of Macerata, in the Marche region.-Overview:...
, Loreto
Loreto (AN)
Loreto is a hilltown and comune of the Italian province of Ancona, in the Marche. It is mostly famous as the seat of the Basilica della Santa Casa, a popular Catholic pilgrimage site.-Location:...
, Osimo
Osimo
Osimo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the province of Ancona, 15 km south of that town by rail. It is situated on a hill near the Adriatic Sea.Silk-spinning and the raising of cocoons are carried on.-History:...
, Jesi
Jesi
thumb|250px|Teatro Pergolesi.Iesi is a town and comune of the province of Ancona in the Marche, Italy.It is an important industrial and artistic center in the floodplain on the left bank of the Esino river before its mouth on the Adriatic Sea.-History:Iesi was one of the last towns of the Umbri...
, Chiaravalle
Chiaravalle (AN)
Chiaravalle is a comune in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 15 km west of Ancona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 14,397 and an area of 17.4 km²....
and Falconara. Particularly this dialect's speakers use always the articles el (the male singular, Italian il) unlike standard Italian which in some case uses lo (the male singular). Only the speakers of the town which are closer to Macerata (Osimo, Castelfidardo
Castelfidardo
Castelfidardo is a town and comune in the province of Ancona, in the Marche region of central-eastern Italy.It is particularly remembered for the Italian victory over a "volunteer" army defending the Papal States, on September 18, 1860...
, Loreto, Porto Recanati) use the article lo like in Italian. These cities also suffer other influences from Macerata's dialect because they're closer to it.
Fabriano's dialect
The dialect of Fabriano is spoken in the town of Fabriano (closer to UmbriaUmbria
Umbria is a region of modern central Italy. It is one of the smallest Italian regions and the only peninsular region that is landlocked.Its capital is Perugia.Assisi and Norcia are historical towns associated with St. Francis of Assisi, and St...
) and in the towns closer to it. The rhotacism
Rhotacism
Rhotacism refers to several phenomena related to the usage of the consonant r :*the excessive or idiosyncratic use of the r;...
happens in this dialect (calza (sock) > carza, fulmine (lightning) > furmine).
Macerata's dialect
The dialect of Macerata is spoken in the province of Macerata and in the Fermo's one. The speakers of Macerata,to say the, use lu(male singular) and lo (neuter singular) .The rhotacism
Rhotacism
Rhotacism refers to several phenomena related to the usage of the consonant r :*the excessive or idiosyncratic use of the r;...
happens. A lot of assimilations
Assimilation (linguistics)
Assimilation is a common phonological process by which the sound of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the following word. This occurs when the parts of the mouth and vocal cords start to form the beginning sounds of the next word before the last sound has been...
happens:
- nd > nn : mettendo (putting) > mettenno,
- mb > mm : gamba (leg) > gamma,
- nt > nd : pianta (plant) > pianda,
- mp > mb : campo (field) > cambu,
- ld > ll : caldo (hot) > callu.
Vocabulary
Follows a list of nouns, verbs and other words from Marchigiano :ammò (adv. by this time; now), babbu (n. dad; father), bardasciu or vardasciu (n. boy; child), bedollu or bidullu (n. poplar), brenciu or vrenciu (adj. bitter; sour), ciambottu or ciammottu (n. toad / clumsy), cuscì (adv. in this way),grannola (n. hail), (a)lluccà (vb. to shout; to scream), nnertu (adj. thick), rosciu or rusciu (adj. red), sbisgià or sbiscià (vb. to slide), scì (adv. yes).
See also
- Central ItalianCentral ItalianCentral Italian is a group of Italo-Dalmatian Romance dialects spoken in Lazio, Umbria, central Marche, the far south of Tuscany and a small part of Abruzzo, in central Italy....
- Tuscan dialectTuscan dialectThe Tuscan language , or the Tuscan dialect is an Italo-Dalmatian language spoken in Tuscany, Italy.Standard Italian is based on Tuscan, specifically on its Florentine variety...
- Umbrian dialect
- Sabin dialect
- MarcheMarcheThe population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata...