Marco Blaauw
Encyclopedia
Marco Blaauw is a Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

 trumpeter.

Biography

Marco Blaauw studied trumpet
Trumpet
The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air...

 at the Sweelinck Conservatorium in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...

. He continued studying with Pierre Thibaud and with Markus Stockhausen
Markus Stockhausen
Markus Pirol Stockhausen is a German trumpeter and composer.-Biography:Born in Cologne, he is the son of composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. At age four he appeared as "child at play" in his father's theatre piece Originals. He received his first piano lessons at age six, and at age twelve he began to...

. He has an international career as a trumpet soloist and is a permanent member of the ensemble musikFabrik
Musikfabrik
The musikFabrik is an ensemble for contemporary music located in Cologne. Their official name is: musikFabrik Landesensemble NRW e.V. .-Overview:...

 in Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...

. Some of the orchestra
Orchestra
An orchestra is a sizable instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus...

s and new music
Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music can be understood as belonging to the period that started in the mid-1970s with the retreat of modernism. However, the term may also be employed in a broader sense to refer to all post-1945 modern musical forms.-Categorization:...

 ensembles
Musical ensemble
A musical ensemble is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles or wind ensembles...

 with which he has performed as soloist are: the Dutch Radio Symphony Orchestra
Netherlands Radio Symphony
The Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra was a Dutch radio orchestra. It was founded in 1985 after a merger of the Promenade Orchestra and the Radio Orchestra ....

, the National Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne
WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne
The WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne is a German orchestra based in Cologne. The orchestra was founded in 1947 by Allied occupation authorities after World War II, as the orchestra of Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk . The orchestra later acquired the names of the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra and...

, the Deutsche Oper Berlin
Deutsche Oper Berlin
The Deutsche Oper Berlin is an opera company located in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, Germany. The resident building is also home to the Berlin State Ballet.-History:...

, Klangforum Wien, London Sinfonietta
London Sinfonietta
The London Sinfonietta is an English chamber orchestra founded in 1968 and based in London. The ensemble specialises in contemporary music and works across a wide range of genres, performing modern classics alongside world premieres, and includes music by electronica artists as well as folk and...

 and Asko|Schönberg Ensemble.

Marco Blaauw's goal is the further development of the trumpet, its technique and its repertoire. He works in close collaboration both with the established and younger composers of our time. Many works have been written especially for Blaauw or have been inspired by his playing, including compositions by Peter Eötvös
Peter Eötvös
Péter Eötvös is a Hungarian composer and conductor.Eötvös was born in Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely, Szeklerland, Transylvania . He studied composition in Budapest and Cologne. From 1962, he composed for film in Hungary. Eötvös played regularly with the Stockhausen Ensemble between 1968 and...

, Rebecca Saunders
Rebecca Saunders
-Biography:Saunders studied violin and composition at the University of Edinburgh. This was followed by a scholarship from the DAAD from 1991 to 1994 to study composition at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe with Wolfgang Rihm, and in 1997 a doctorate in composition with Nigel Osborne.She has...

, Richard Ayres
Richard Ayres
Richard Ayres is a British composer and teacher.Ayres was born in Cornwall, England in 1965. He followed Morton Feldman’s classes at the Darmstadt and Dartington summer schools. He studied composition, electronic music, and trombone at Huddersfield Polytechnic until 1989, graduating with...

, Isabel Mundry
Isabel Mundry
-Biography:Isabel Mundry was born in Schlüchtern in 1963 and studied composition at the Hochschule der Künste and electronic music, musicology and history at the Berlin Technische Universität. From 1991 to 1994 she taught at the Hochschule der Künste Berlin and furthered her studies in Frankfurt...

 and Hanna Kulenty
Hanna Kulenty
Hanna Kulenty is a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. Since 1992, she has worked and lived both in Warsaw and in Arnhem .- Musical education :...

.

Since 1998, Marco Blaauw has worked intensely with Karlheinz Stockhausen
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

, and has premiered solo roles in scenes of the opera cycle LICHT
Licht
Licht , subtitled "The Seven Days of the Week," is a cycle of seven operas composed by Karlheinz Stockhausen between 1977 and 2003. In total, the cycle contains over 29 hours of music.-Origin:...

. In August 2008 he presented the premiere of "HARMONIES for trumpet" from Stockhausen’s unfinished cycle KLANG for BBC Radio 3
BBC Radio 3
BBC Radio 3 is a national radio station operated by the BBC within the United Kingdom. Its output centres on classical music and opera, but jazz, world music, drama, culture and the arts also feature. The station is the world’s most significant commissioner of new music, and its New Generation...

 in the Royal Albert Hall
Royal Albert Hall
The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall situated on the northern edge of the South Kensington area, in the City of Westminster, London, England, best known for holding the annual summer Proms concerts since 1941....

.

Marco Blaauw's performances are widely documented in radio and CD recordings. The first solo CD Blaauw was released in September 2005, his second solo CD, HOT, came out in October 2006. In 2007 he presented Improvisation, a duo album with Gijsbrecht Roye.

In 2003 Marco Blaauw was awarded the Orpheus Prize for his performance of Hanna Kulenty's
Hanna Kulenty
Hanna Kulenty is a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. Since 1992, she has worked and lived both in Warsaw and in Arnhem .- Musical education :...

 Trumpet Concerto during the Warsaw Autumn Festival
Warsaw Autumn
Warsaw Autumn is the largest international Polish festival of contemporary music. Indeed, for many years, it was the only festival of its type in Central and Eastern Europe. It was founded in 1956 by two composers, Tadeusz Baird and Kazimierz Serocki, and officially established by the Head Board...

. In 2008 he received the Karel de Grote-award from the city of Nijmegen.

He is also active as a teacher with notable residencies since 2003 at the Stockhausen Courses in Kürten
Kürten
Kürten is a village and a municipality in the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Neighbouring places:Nearby cities include Bergisch Gladbach, Overath, Wermelskirchen, and Wipperfürth...

 and in 2004 and 2006 at the Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music. From August 2008 Marco Blaauw is guest teacher at the School of Music
Lucerne University of Applied Sciences
Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts is a Swiss public vocational university with campuses in Lucerne, Horw and Zug.- Schools :* School of Engineering and Architecture...

 of Lucerne
Lucerne
Lucerne is a city in north-central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of that country. Lucerne is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and the capital of the district of the same name. With a population of about 76,200 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and...

, Switzerland.

List of trumpets

Marco Blaauw plays different sorts of trumpet
Trumpet
The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air...

s and related instruments
History of primitive and non-Western trumpets
The chromatic trumpet of Western tradition is a fairly recent invention, but primitive trumpets of one form or another have been in existence for millennia; some of the predecessors of the modern instrument are now known to date back to the Neolithic era...

: C trumpet, Es flat/ D trumpet, Bflat trumpet, Piccolo trumpet
Piccolo trumpet
The smallest of the trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet, pitched one octave higher than the standard B trumpet. Most piccolo trumpets are built to play in either B or A, using a separate leadpipe for each key. The tubing in the B piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B...

, C-Cornet
Cornet
The cornet is a brass instrument very similar to the trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B. It is not related to the renaissance and early baroque cornett or cornetto.-History:The cornet was...

, Flugelhorn
Flugelhorn
The flugelhorn is a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but with a wider, conical bore. Some consider it to be a member of the saxhorn family developed by Adolphe Sax ; however, other historians assert that it derives from the valve bugle designed by Michael Saurle , Munich 1832 , thus...

, Natural trumpet
Natural trumpet
A natural trumpet is a valveless brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series.-History:The natural trumpet was used as a military instrument to facilitate communication ....

, Tibetian trumpet
Dungchen
The dungchen is a long trumpet or horn used in Tibetan Buddhist ceremonies. It is the most widely used instrument in Tibetan Buddhist culture. It is often played in pairs or multiples, and the sound is compared to the singing of elephants...

, Indian temple trumpet, Didgeridoo
Didgeridoo
The didgeridoo is a wind instrument developed by Indigenous Australians of northern Australia around 1,500 years ago and still in widespread usage today both in Australia and around the world. It is sometimes described as a natural wooden trumpet or "drone pipe"...

 in D, Shofar
Shofar
A shofar is a horn, traditionally that of a ram, used for Jewish religious purposes. Shofar-blowing is incorporated in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.Shofar come in a variety of sizes.- Bible and rabbinic literature :...

 (a horn of a ram), Conch
Conch
A conch is a common name which is applied to a number of different species of medium-sized to large sea snails or their shells, generally those which are large and have a high spire and a siphonal canal....

 (a shell) and the Double bell trumpet. He plays instruments manufactured by fellow Dutchman Hub van Laar.

Double Bell Trumpet

One trumpet Marco Blaauw plays needs special attention: the double bell trumpet is a special designed trumpet with two bells.

"The self designed trumpet is build by Dieter Gärtner, from the company Gärtner und Thul in Düren, Germany. The trumpet uses the standard three valves, plus a fourth and fifth valve. The fourth valve enables me to play quarter-tones, fast and over the whole range of the trumpet. An extra, surprisingly good and controllable effect is playing half-valve; in combination with the three “normal” valves, it sounds relatively well in tune over the whole range. It is like using a strange kind of mute. The fifth valve is for changing between the two bells: having two bells on a trumpet was an old dream of mine, it gives many extra possibilities:
  • the double bell makes very fast changing between an open- and muted trumpet easy (colour-change and echo-effect). This effect suggests the existence of a second trumpet…
  • the 5th valve can make a gradual change between open and muted, a large scale of exciting colours arises…
  • changing between two open bells gives a tremolo effect, possible on any note in the register
  • you can play a regular piece with two different trumpets! because the bells are made of slightly different material
  • sitting in an orchestra or ensemble you can change your direction of playing just by using the fifth valve; use the "bells up"-effect without changing your sitting-position.


Before starting experimenting, I considered it almost impossible to extend the trumpet and improve it in the same time. The cheerful experiment worked out very well though! It seems that the evolution of the trumpet is far from reaching an end-point."

Discography

As Featured Artist
  • 2005 Blaauw (BVHAAST)
  • 2006 HOT (BVHAAST)
  • 2008 Improvisation, with Gijsbrecht Roye (World Edition)
  • 2010 Play Robot Dream, with Yannis Kyriakides
    Yannis Kyriakides
    Yannis Kyriakides is a composer of contemporary classical music, and sound art. His music explores new forms and hybrids of media, synthesizing disparate sound sources and highlighting the sensorial space of music...

     (Unsounds)


Appearances
  • 1993 Arrows in Time, by Rajesh Mehta Collective (New Limits); Performing Rajesh Mehta's Third Kalpa for 4 trumpets
  • 1995 Mauricio Kagel 7: Nah und Fern, by Mauricio Kagel
    Mauricio Kagel
    Mauricio Kagel was a German-Argentine composer. He was notable for his interest in developing the theatrical side of musical performance .-Biography:...

     (Montaigne)
  • 1996 Music + Practice, by Ives Ensemble (Donemus); Performing Richard Ayres'
    Richard Ayres
    Richard Ayres is a British composer and teacher.Ayres was born in Cornwall, England in 1965. He followed Morton Feldman’s classes at the Darmstadt and Dartington summer schools. He studied composition, electronic music, and trombone at Huddersfield Polytechnic until 1989, graduating with...

     No. 5 Untitled for trumpet and piano
  • 1997 Bassetsu-Trio, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

     (Stockhausen Verlag)
  • 1997 Conquest of Melody, by Marcus Weiss (Hat Hut); Performing Stefan Wolpe's
    Stefan Wolpe
    Stefan Wolpe was a German-born composer.-Life:Wolpe was born in Berlin. He attended the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory from the age of fourteen, and the Berlin Hochschule für Musik in 1920-1921. He studied composition under Franz Schreker and was also a pupil of Ferruccio Busoni...

     Quartet for trumpet, tenor saxophone, piano and percussion
  • 1999 Madrigale, by Ives Ensemble (Hat Hut); Performing Aldo Clementi's
    Aldo Clementi
    -Life:Aldo Clementi was born in Catania, Italy. He studied the piano, graduating in 1946. His studies in composition began in 1941, and his teachers included Alfredo Sangiorgi and Goffredo Petrassi. After receiving his diploma in 1954, he attended the Darmstadt summer courses from 1955 to 1962...

     Studi for violin, trumpet and piano
  • 2000 Counterpoise, by Marcus Weiss, Trio Accanto, XASAX (Hat Hut); Performing Wolpe's Quartet & John Carisi's
    John Carisi
    John E. Carisi was an American trumpeter and composer.Carisi was member of Herbie Fields's Orchestra and Glenn Miller's Airforce Band. After the war he worked with Ray McKinley, Claude Thornhill, Charlie Barnet, Urbie Green, and Benny Goodman.He was trained by acclaimed composer Stefan Wolpe...

     “Counterpoise No 1” for trumpet, baritone sax, percussion and piano
  • 2000 James Tenney Forms 1-4, by musikFabrik (Hat Hut); Performing Stefan Wolpe's
    Stefan Wolpe
    Stefan Wolpe was a German-born composer.-Life:Wolpe was born in Berlin. He attended the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory from the age of fourteen, and the Berlin Hochschule für Musik in 1920-1921. He studied composition under Franz Schreker and was also a pupil of Ferruccio Busoni...

     Piece for Trumpet and 7 Instruments
  • 2002 Dutch New Music, by Concertzender Live 02 (Muziekgroep Nederland); Performing Christina Viola Oorebeek's Fulgura Frango for trumpet/piccolo/flugel and ensemble
  • 2002 Licht-Bilder, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

     (Stockhausen Verlag)
  • 2001 Cornelius Cardew, Chamber Music 1955 – 1964, by Apartment House (Matchless Recordings); Performing Cornelius Cardew's
    Cornelius Cardew
    Cornelius Cardew was an English experimental music composer, and founder of the Scratch Orchestra, an experimental performing ensemble. He later rejected the avant-garde in favour of a politically motivated "people's liberation music".-Biography:Cardew was born in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire...

     Three Rhythmic Pieces for Trumpet and Piano
  • 2001 Arcs & Circles - Portrait Concert of Hanna Kulenty, by Hanna Kulenty
    Hanna Kulenty
    Hanna Kulenty is a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. Since 1992, she has worked and lived both in Warsaw and in Arnhem .- Musical education :...

     (Frau Musica); Performing A Sixth Circle for trumpet and piano
  • 2003 Warsaw Autumn 2003, no. 1, by Sinfonia Varsovia under Renato Rivolta; Performing Hanna Kulenty's
    Hanna Kulenty
    Hanna Kulenty is a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. Since 1992, she has worked and lived both in Warsaw and in Arnhem .- Musical education :...

     Trumpet Concerto
  • 2003 ON Turntable Jazz, by Produciehuis Oost Nederland
  • 2003 Michaels Ruf, Quitt, and Trumpetent, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

     (Stockhausen Verlag)
  • 2004 Hoch-Zeiten, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

     (Stockhausen Verlag)
  • 2004 Snatches, by Peter Eötvös
    Peter Eötvös
    Péter Eötvös is a Hungarian composer and conductor.Eötvös was born in Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely, Szeklerland, Transylvania . He studied composition in Budapest and Cologne. From 1962, he composed for film in Hungary. Eötvös played regularly with the Stockhausen Ensemble between 1968 and...

     (BMC); Performing Snatches of a Conversation for double-bell trumpet, speaker and ensemble
  • 2004 Vision, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

     (Stockhausen Verlag)
  • 2005 Soundstreams Canada, Performing world première of Hanna Kulenty's
    Hanna Kulenty
    Hanna Kulenty is a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. Since 1992, she has worked and lived both in Warsaw and in Arnhem .- Musical education :...

     Brass No. 1 for double bell trumpet
  • 2005 fiato coninuo 1,2,3,4,5, by Bojidar Spassov
    Bozhidar Spasov
    Bozhidar Spasov is a Bulgarian composer.Born in Sofia, Spasov went to Moscow to study music, graduating in composition from the Moscow Conservatory in 1975. He then became a research associate with the Musicology Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences...

     (Wergo); Performing Fiato Coninuo IV for trumpet and tape
  • 2007 Dokumentation Wittener Tage für Neue Kammermusik 2007, 20. Bis 22. April, by Salome Kammer
    Salome Kammer
    Salome Kammer is a German actor, singer and cellist.- Professional career :Kammer was the fourth of six children. Her father was a Protestant pastor...

    , Stimme, and WDR Rundfunkchor Köln under Rupert Huber; Performing Isabel Mundry's
    Isabel Mundry
    -Biography:Isabel Mundry was born in Schlüchtern in 1963 and studied composition at the Hochschule der Künste and electronic music, musicology and history at the Berlin Technische Universität. From 1991 to 1994 she taught at the Hochschule der Künste Berlin and furthered her studies in Frankfurt...

     gesichtet, gesichelt for voice, trumpet and 3 choirs
  • 2007 50th Warsaw Autumn, CD no8, by Various Artists; Performing Yannis Kyriakides'
    Yannis Kyriakides
    Yannis Kyriakides is a composer of contemporary classical music, and sound art. His music explores new forms and hybrids of media, synthesizing disparate sound sources and highlighting the sensorial space of music...

     “Dog Song” (Cerberus serenades Orpheus)
  • 2008 Witten 2008 Tage für neue Kammermusik; Performing Rebecca Saunders'
    Rebecca Saunders
    -Biography:Saunders studied violin and composition at the University of Edinburgh. This was followed by a scholarship from the DAAD from 1991 to 1994 to study composition at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe with Wolfgang Rihm, and in 1997 a doctorate in composition with Nigel Osborne.She has...

     Company for 5 soloists
  • 2008 Musik in Deutschland 1955-2000, by musikFabrik (Deutsche Musikrat); Performing Rebecca Saunders'
    Rebecca Saunders
    -Biography:Saunders studied violin and composition at the University of Edinburgh. This was followed by a scholarship from the DAAD from 1991 to 1994 to study composition at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe with Wolfgang Rihm, and in 1997 a doctorate in composition with Nigel Osborne.She has...

     Behind the Velvet Curtain & Richard Ayres'
    Richard Ayres
    Richard Ayres is a British composer and teacher.Ayres was born in Cornwall, England in 1965. He followed Morton Feldman’s classes at the Darmstadt and Dartington summer schools. He studied composition, electronic music, and trombone at Huddersfield Polytechnic until 1989, graduating with...

     No 31 noncerto for trumpet and ensemble
  • 2008 Richard Ayres Portrait CD, by musikFabrik (BMC); Performing Richard Ayres'
    Richard Ayres
    Richard Ayres is a British composer and teacher.Ayres was born in Cornwall, England in 1965. He followed Morton Feldman’s classes at the Darmstadt and Dartington summer schools. He studied composition, electronic music, and trombone at Huddersfield Polytechnic until 1989, graduating with...

     No 31 and No. 5 Untitled
  • 2008 Stirrings Still, by musikFabrik (Wergo); Performing Rebecca Saunders'
    Rebecca Saunders
    -Biography:Saunders studied violin and composition at the University of Edinburgh. This was followed by a scholarship from the DAAD from 1991 to 1994 to study composition at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe with Wolfgang Rihm, and in 1997 a doctorate in composition with Nigel Osborne.She has...

     Blaauw for double bell trumpet
  • 2009 Speech Songs, by musikFabrik (Wergo)
  • 2009 Visible Traces, by musikFabrik (Wergo)
  • 2009 from Heaven to Hell, by musikFabrik (Wergo)
  • 2009 Antichamber, by Yannis Kyriakides
    Yannis Kyriakides
    Yannis Kyriakides is a composer of contemporary classical music, and sound art. His music explores new forms and hybrids of media, synthesizing disparate sound sources and highlighting the sensorial space of music...

    ; Performing “Dog Song” (Cerberus serenades Orpheus)
  • 2010 Gleichzeit, by Junge Deutsche Philharmonie under Susanna Mälkki
    Susanna Mälkki
    Susanna Mälkki is a Finnish conductor. Trained as a cellist as a pupil of Hannu Kiiski, she later studied conducting with Jorma Panula, as well as Eri Klas and Leif Segerstam, at the Sibelius Academy. She has also studied at London's Royal Academy of Music...

    ; Performing Bernd Alois Zimmermann's
    Bernd Alois Zimmermann
    Bernd Alois Zimmermann was a post-WWII West German composer. He is perhaps best known for his opera Die Soldaten which is regarded as one of the most important operas of the 20th century...

     Nobody Knows the Trouble I See
  • 2010 Harmonien und Schönheit, by Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen
    Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Another critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music"...

    (Stockhausen Verlag)

External links

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