Marginellidae
Encyclopedia
Marginellidae, or the margin shells, are a taxonomic family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of small, often colorful, sea snail
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....

s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod molluscs in the clade Neogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Neogastropoda is an unranked taxonomic clade of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. For many years prior to 2005 Neogastropoda was an order.- Description :...

.

Taxonomy

The higher classification of the family Marginellidae has long been in a state of confusion. Many popular works still treat all members of this family under the single genus Marginella, basing them primarily on superficial similarities of the shell.

The confusion over the classification stems from the fact that the earlier classifications were based rather crudely on shell characters. Although many good differential shell characters do exist within this group, those characters were generally misinterpreted or not recognized as significant. Such information as did exist on the radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

e and the external anatomy of the living animals was widely scattered in the scientific literature, and internal anatomical descriptions were not available until fairly recently.

Shell description

The shell of Marginellidae is usually small, but varies in different species from minute to medium-sized.
The external color of the shell can be white, cream, yellow, orange, red, or brown, and can be uniformly colored, or patterned in various ways. The protoconch
Protoconch
A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell of some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod...

 is paucispiral. The lip of the shell is thickened, and can be smooth or denticulate. An external varix may be present or absent, a siphonal notch may be present or absent. The columella may have 2-6 plications. The operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

 is absent in this family.

Genera

Abbreviations and conventions:
  • † - (preceding genus), denotes extinct genus
  • † - (following species), denotes fossil species
  • (M) - original designation by monotype
  • OD - original designation
  • OD (M) - original designation as type species, but also monotypic
  • SD - subsequent designation as type
  • SD (M) - subsequent designation as type species, but also monotypic
  • T - original designation by tautonomy


In the systematic, the following sequence is used for each generic synonym:
  • Genus in original combination, followed by author, year, page number(s)
  • Designation of type species followed by author, year, page number(s)
  • Reference only to Type species


Marginellidae Fleming, 1828:328

Subfamily MARGINELLONINAE Coan 1965:186,191
Genus Afrivoluta
Afrivoluta pringlei
Afrivoluta pringlei is a species of large deepwater sea snail with a glossy shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Marginellidae, the marginellids....

 Tomlin, 1947:244
Afrivoluta pringlei
Afrivoluta pringlei
Afrivoluta pringlei is a species of large deepwater sea snail with a glossy shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Marginellidae, the marginellids....

 Tomlin, 1947; OD (M)
Genus Marginellona
Marginellona gigas
Marginellona gigas is a species of very large deepwater sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae. This species was originally thought to be a volute, in the family Volutidae, but it is in fact a giant marginellid....

 Martens, 1904
Marginella (M.) gigas
Marginellona gigas
Marginellona gigas is a species of very large deepwater sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae. This species was originally thought to be a volute, in the family Volutidae, but it is in fact a giant marginellid....

 Martens, 1904; (M)

Subfamily MARGINELLINAE Fleming, 1828:328
Genus † Myobarbum Sohl, 1963

Tribe AUSTROGINELLINI Coovert and Coovert, 1995:80

"Serrata Group"

Genus † Conuginella Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:288
Marginella inermis Tate, 1878 †; OD (M)
Genus Serrata
Serrata (gastropod)
Serrata is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:Species within the genus Serrata include: * Serrata amphora Boyer, 2008* Serrata arcuata Boyer, 2008...

 Jousseaume, 1875:167
Serrata serrata (Gaskoin, 1849), = Marginella serrata Gaskoin, 1849;T
Genus Serrataginella
Serrataginella
Serrataginella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.Serrataginella is now a synonym of Serrata.-Species:Species within the genus Serrataginella include:...

 Coovert and Coovert, 1995:82
Marginella spryi (Clover, 1974), OD (M)
Genus Stromboginella Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:289
Marginella crassidens Chapman and Crespin,1928 †; OD (M)
Genus Hydroginella
Hydroginella
Hydroginella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:Species within the genus Hydroginella include:* Hydroginella angustata Boyer, Wakefield & McCleery, 2003...

 Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:284
Hydroginella dispersa Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957; OD (M)

"Austroginella Group"

Genus † Mioginella Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:287
Marginella regula Cotton, 1949 †; OD (M)

Genus Protoginella
Protoginella
Protoginella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with valid names are included within the genus Protoginella : * Protoginella caledonica Boyer, 2001*...

 Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:285
Marginella lavigata Brazier, 1877, = Marginella (Prunum) lavigata Brazier, 1877; OD (M)
Genus † Nudifaba Eames, 1952:122
Marginella (N.) rakhiensis Eames, 1952 †; OD (M)
Genus Alaginella
Alaginella
Alaginella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae.-Species:Species within the genus Alaginella include:* Alaginella albino * Alaginella atracta...

 Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:286
Marginella ochracea Angas, 1871; OD
Genus † Hiwia Marwick
John Marwick
John Marwick MM was a New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist.John Marwick was born near Oamaru, New Zealand, on 3 February 1891, the son of Hugh Marwick, and his wife, Jane née Cuthbert. While at Waitaki Boys' High School he helped to collect fossil shells and learned the beginnings of how to...

, 1931:129
Marginella (Hiwia) amplificata Marwick
John Marwick
John Marwick MM was a New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist.John Marwick was born near Oamaru, New Zealand, on 3 February 1891, the son of Hugh Marwick, and his wife, Jane née Cuthbert. While at Waitaki Boys' High School he helped to collect fossil shells and learned the beginnings of how to...

, 1931 †; OD (M)
Genus Austroginella Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:285
Marginella muscaria Lamarck, 1822; OD
Genus Mesoginella
Mesoginella
Mesoginella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species are included within the genus Mesoginella :...

 Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957:282
Marginella turbinata G. B. Sowerby II, 1846; OD (M)
Genus Closia
Closia
Closia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:Species within the genus Closia include:* Closia giadae Cossignani, 2001* Closia majuscula...

 Gray, 1857:36
Closia sarda (Kiener, 1834), = Marginella sarda Kiener, 1834; M
Genus Ovaginella Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron
Charles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...

, 1957
Marginella ovulum G. B. Sowerby II, 1846; OD
Genus Balanetta
Balanetta
Balanetta is a genus of small, often colorful, sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family of the margin shells .-Species:* Balanetta amydrozona * Balanetta baylii Jousseaume, 1875...

 Jousseaume, 1875
Balanetta baylei Jousseaume, 1875; M

Tribe PRUNINI Coovert and Coovert, 1995:80

Genus Volvarina
Volvarina
Volvarina is a genus of small to very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells. The difference between the genera Volvarina and Prunum is not clearly delineated and is based on morphological differences...

 Hinds, 1844:75
Marginella nitida Hinds, 1844, = Marginella (Volvarina) nitida Hinds, 1844, = Voluta mitrella Risso, 1826; SD Redfield, 1870:221
Genus Prunum
Prunum
Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade...

 Herrmannsen, 1852:113
Voluta prunum Gmelin
Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...

, 1791; M
Genus Bullata
Bullata
Bullata is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Shell description:...

 Jousseaume, 1875:167, 250
Bullata bullata (Born, 1778), = Voluta bullata Born, 1778; T
Genus Rivomarginella Brandt, 1968:275
Rivomarginella morrisoni Brandt 1968; OD (M)
Genus Cryptospira
Cryptospira
Cryptospira is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with valid names are included within the genus Cryptospira :* Cryptospira bridgettae Wakefield, 2010*...

 Hinds, 1844:76
Marginella tricincta Hinds, 1844, = Marginella (Cryptospira) tricincta Hinds, 1844; SD (M) Gray, 1847:142
Genus Hyalina
Hyalina
Hyalina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:according to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with valid names are included within the genus Hyalina :* Hyalina albocylindrus Lussi & Smith, 1999* Hyalina...

 Schumacher, 1817:234
Hyalina pellucida Schumacher, 1817, = Bulla pallida Linné, 1758; M

Tribe MARGINELLINI Fleming, 1828:328

Genus † Stazzania Sacco, 1890a:138
Marginella (Stazzania) emarginata Sismonda, 1847, = Marginella emarginata Sismonda, 1847 †; M
Genus Dentimargo
Dentimargo
Dentimargo is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:Species within the genus Dentimargo include:* Dentimargo alchymista Melvill & Standen, 1903...

 Cossmann, 1899:90
'Marginella dentifera Lamarck, 1803 †; OD
Genus Eratoidea
Eratoidea
Eratoidea is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.-Species:Species within the genus Eratoidea include:* Eratoidea hematita * Eratoidea watsoni...

 Weinkauff, 1879:140
Marginella margarita Kiener, 1834; SD Cossmann, 1899:87
Genus † Euryentome Cossmann, 1899:95
Marginella crassilabra Conrad, 1833 (non Marginella crassilabar Bory de St. Vincent, 1827), = Marginella silabra Palmer, 1937 (nom. nov.), = Marginella aratina Lea, 1833 †; OD
Genus † Simplicoglabella Sacco, 1890b:21
Marginella (Glabella) taurinensis Michelotti, 1847 †; SD (M)
Genus Marginella
Marginella
Marginella is a genus of small tropical and warm-water sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. It is the type genus of the family.:...

 Lamarck, 1799:70
Voluta glabella Linné, 1758; M
Genus Glabella
Glabella (gastropod)
Glabella is a genus of small tropical and warm-water sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.- Species:...

 Swainson, 1840:133
Voluta faba Linné, 1758; SD (M) Gray, 1847:142

Further reading

1853. In: 1853-1858. The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London. 3 vols [1:vi-xl, 1-484; 2:1-661; 3:pls. 1-138].
1962. A new genus in the family Marginellidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 35(1):14-15.
1963. The family position of Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin. The Journal of Conchology 25(5):198-199. 1974. A new species of Cypraea from West Africa and three new species of Marginellidae from the Indian Ocean. The Journal of Conchology 28(4):213-216, pl.8. 1965. A proposed reclassification of the family Marginellidae. The Veliger 7(3):184-189
1966. The West American Marginellidae. The Veliger 8(4): 276-299, pls. 48-51.
1976. Status of the genus Hyalina Schumacher, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of Mollucan Studies 42(2):217-222. 1922. On the pseudo-genus Pseudomarginella, v. Maltzan. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London15(1):3-5.
1969a. On the identity of Criptospira glauca and the related Cryptospira ventricosa, (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). Basteria 33(5-6):85-92.
1969b. Notes om Marginella spryi. Basteria 39(1-2):23-27.
1975. Marginella orstomi. A new species from deeper water off the coast of West Africa (gastropoda, Marginellidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit von Amsterdam vol.4 No.12 1972. The genus Rivomarginella (Gastropoda, Marginellidae). Beaufortia 20(263):69-75.
1986a. Type species list. Marginella Marginalia 1(1):1-3.
1986b. Generic group names. Marginella Marginalia 1(2):5-7.
1987a. The genus Afrivoluta and a review of the type species Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin, 1947. Marginella Marginalia 2(1):1-8.
1987b. Addenda to Afrivoluta paper. Marginella Marginalia 2(6):39
1987c. Propor usage of the generic names Haloginella, Hyalina, and Volvarina with a diagnosis of the genus Haloginella. Marginella Marginalia 3(1):1-7
1987d. The external anatomy of two species of Caribbean Marginellidae. Marginella Marginalia 3(5):33-37.
1988a. Type species of the genera Austroginella and Mesoginella and their synonyms. Marginella Marginalia 4(2/3):9-26.
1988b. Marginellidae of Florida, Part II. Prunum succinea with a discussion of Prunum and Volvarina. Marginella Marginalia 4(5)_35-42, pl. 1.
  • Coovert G. A. & Coovert H. K. (1995). "Revision of the Supraspecific Classification of Marginelliform Gastropods". The Nautilus
    The Nautilus (journal)
    The Nautilus is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in malacology. Hence its scope includes all aspects of the biology, ecology, and systematics of mollusks....

    109(2 & 3): 43-110. 1899. Essaid e paléonconchologie comparée. Cossmann, Paris. Vol. 3, 201 p., pls. 1-8. 1883 . In: 1880-1887. Manuel de conchyologie et de paléontologie conchyologique ou histoire naturelle des mollusques vivantes et fossiles. Libraire F. Savy, Paris. Vol. 2(fascicule 6):513-608, 1883. 1989. Le genre Volvarina (Marginellidae) dans la Mediterranée et l´Atlantique du nord est. Bolletino Malacologico 25(5-8):159-182.
1988. The marginellids of São Tomé, West Africa. Journal of Conchology 33(1):1-30, pls. 1-2.
1992. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Volvarina. The Journal of Conchology 34(4):187-198
1994. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Marginella. Journal of Conchology 35:103-119 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusac, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847 pt.15[=17]:129-219. 1991. Rediscovery of Marginellona gigas (Martens, 1904), with notes on the anatomy and systematic position on the subfamily Marginelloninae (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). Nemouria 37:1-19. 1844. Descriptions of Marginellae collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, and from the collection of Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1844 pt. 12[= vol. 14].72-77. 1875. Coquilles de la famille des marginelles. Monographie. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, ser.3, 3:164-271, 429-435, pls. 7-8. [Also issued separately, pp. 1–115, pls. 7-8]. 1957. A new classification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a review of species from the Solanderian and Dampierian zoogeographical provinces. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 8(3):274-311.
1852. Description of new species of Marginella, with notes on sundry species of Marginella and Cypraea. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York 5:224-228.
1870. Catalogue of the known species, recent and fossil, of the family Marginellidae. American Journal of Concholoigy 6(2):215-269. 1864-1865. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In; Chonchologia Iconica: or illustration of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 15, pls. 2-13 [Aug. 1864], pls. 1,14-27, index, errata [Jan. 1865]. 1963. New gastropod genera from the late Upper Creatceous of East Gulf Coastal * 1846. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In: Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or figures and descriptions of Recent Shells. Sowerby, London. Vol 1(7):239-406, pls.68-78.
  • The Academy of Natural Sciences. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca 1904. Pt. B, Anatomisch-systematische untersuchungen einiger Gastropoden, pp. 147–180, pls. 6-9. In: Martens and Thiele. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutscen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. 1947. A new South African volutid. The Journal of Conchology 22(10):244-245 1878-1879. Die gattungen Marginella und Erato In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Cheminitz. 2nd ed. Bauer and Raspe, Nürnberg. Vol. 5(4):1-166, pls. 1-26.
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