Marmorera
Encyclopedia
Marmorera is a municipality
in the district of Albula
in the canton
of Graubünden
in Switzerland
.
Until the end of the 19th century, its population was almost exclusively Romansh-speaking. This figure has however since been in decline, with its 2000 census reporting that 57% of the population now declared German
as a first language.
The old village was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. The current village was built above Lai da Marmorera
.
Marmorera has an area, , of 19 km² (7.3 sq mi). Of this area, 35.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 23% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (40.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
The municipality is located in the Surses sub-district of the Albula district. Until 1950 it was a linear village
on the Septimer
-Julier
-Route, but was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. Today it is located on the eastern shore of the Lai da Marmorera (Marmorera lake). Until 1902 Marmorera was known as Marmels.
, the gender distribution of the population was 47.9% male and 52.1% female. The age distribution, , in Marmorera is; 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 4 people or 8.2% are 10 to 14, and 4 people or 8.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 5 people or 10.2% are 30 to 39, 8 people or 16.3% are 40 to 49, and 9 people or 18.4% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 9 people or 18.4% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 4 people or 8.2% are 70 to 79, there are 2 people or 4.1% who are 80 to 89.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 51.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(20.9%), the SPS
(14%) and the FDP
(9.3%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Marmorera about 85.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
).
Marmorera has an unemployment rate of 0%. , there were 2 people employed in the primary economic sector and 1 business involved in this sector. No one is employed in the secondary sector. 7 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Albula
Albula (district)
Albula District is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It has an area of 723.13 km² and has a population of ....
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Graubünden
Graubünden
Graubünden or Grisons is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. The canton shares borders with the cantons of Ticino, Uri, Glarus and St. Gallen and international borders with Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
Until the end of the 19th century, its population was almost exclusively Romansh-speaking. This figure has however since been in decline, with its 2000 census reporting that 57% of the population now declared German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as a first language.
The old village was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. The current village was built above Lai da Marmorera
Lai da Marmorera
Lai da Marmorera is a reservoir in the Grisons, Switzerland. It is part of the Parc Ela nature park.The lake with a surface area of 1.41 km² formed after the completion of the Marmorera dam in 1954 when the old village of Marmorera was flooded. The village was rebuilt above the lake.The lake is...
.
Geography
The municipality is located in the Surses sub-district of the Albula district. Until 1950 it was a linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....
on the Septimer
Septimer Pass
Septimer Pass is a high mountain pass in the canton of Graubünden in the Swiss Alps between the valleys of Bregaglia and Oberhalbstein ....
-Julier
Julier Pass
The Julier Pass is a mountain pass in Switzerland, in the Albula Range of the Alps. It connects the Engadin valley with the rest of Graubünden...
-Route, but was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. Today it is located on the eastern shore of the Lai da Marmorera (Marmorera lake). Until 1902 Marmorera was known as Marmels.
Demographics
Marmorera has a population (as of ) of . , 2.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -11.1%. Most of the population speaks German (57.1%), with Romansh being second most common (34.7%) and Italian being third ( 6.1%)., the gender distribution of the population was 47.9% male and 52.1% female. The age distribution, , in Marmorera is; 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 4 people or 8.2% are 10 to 14, and 4 people or 8.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 5 people or 10.2% are 30 to 39, 8 people or 16.3% are 40 to 49, and 9 people or 18.4% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 9 people or 18.4% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 4 people or 8.2% are 70 to 79, there are 2 people or 4.1% who are 80 to 89.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 51.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(20.9%), the SPS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(14%) and the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(9.3%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Marmorera about 85.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
Marmorera has an unemployment rate of 0%. , there were 2 people employed in the primary economic sector and 1 business involved in this sector. No one is employed in the secondary sector. 7 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 156 |
| 1900 | 143 |
| 1920 | 100 |
| 1941 | 94 |
| 1950 | 140 |
| 1960 | 28 |
| 1970 | 27 |
| 1980 | 27 |
| 1990 | 38 |
| 2000 | 138 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The ruins of old Marmorera are listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.