Marston Moor order of battle - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is the order of battle of the armies which fought on 2 July 1644 at the Battle of Marston Moor

Battle of Marston Moor

The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642–1646. The combined forces of the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven and the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists commanded by Prince...

Scottish Army of the Solemn League and Covenant

(2000 Horse, 500 Dragoons, 11000 Foot, 30 - 40 guns)

General Earl of Leven

Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven

Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven was a Scottish soldier in Dutch, Swedish and Scottish service. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of a Dutch captain, a Swedish Field Marshal, and in Scotland became lord general in command of the Covenanters,...

Lieutenant General of the Horse Sir David Leslie

Right Wing

Earl of Leven

Earl of Leven is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1641 for Alexander Leslie. He was succeeded by his grandson Alexander, who was in turn followed by his daughters Margaret and Catherine...

's Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Lord Balgonie 8 troops)

Earl of Dalhousie

Earl of Dalhousie, in the County of Midlothian, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, held by the Chief of Clan Ramsay.-History:This family descends from Sir George Ramsay, who represented Kincardineshire in the Scottish Parliament in 1617. He received a charter of the barony of Dalhousie and also...

's Regiment (7 troops)

Earl of Eglinton

Earl of Eglinton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.Some authorities spell the title: Earl of Eglintoun In 1859 the thirteenth Earl of Eglinton, Archibald Montgomerie, was also created Earl of Winton in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him an automatic seat in the House of Lords,...

's Regiment (7 troops)

Left Wing

Lieutenant-General Leslie's Regiment (8 troops)

Earl of Balcarres

Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres

Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Lord Balcarres and 1st Earl of Balcarres was a Scottish nobleman.The eldest son of David Lindsay, 1st Lord Balcarres, and grandson of John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir....

's Regiment (8 troops)

Lord Kirkcudbright

The title Lord Kirkcudbright was bestowed on Sir Robert Maclellan of Bombie in 1633 by King Charles I of England on a visit to Scotland. Maclellan had already been created a baronet in the Nova Scotia in 1631....

's Regiment (8 troops)

Dragoons

Colonel Hugh Fraser's Regiment (6 companies)

Lieutenant General of the Foot William Baillie

Sergeant Major General of the Foot Sir James Lumsden

James Lumsden

James Lumsden was a Scottish soldier who served in the Swedish army of Gustavus Adolphus during the Thirty Years' War, and subsequently commanded Scottish Covenanter armies....

The Scottish

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

regiments of foot were brigaded in pairs. Unless stated, each regiment had 10 companies.

Van

Crawford-Lindsay's Fifeshire Regiment (Earl of Crawford-Lindsay)

The Midlothian

Midlothian

Midlothian is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It borders the Scottish Borders, East Lothian and the City of Edinburgh council areas....

Regiment (Viscount Maitland)

The Clydesdale

Clydesdale

Clydesdale was formerly one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1973 from part of the former county of Lanarkshire: namely the burghs of Biggar and Lanark and the First, Second and Third Districts...

Regiment (Lieutenant-General Hamilton)

The Edinburgh

Edinburgh

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...

Regiment (Colonel James Rae)

Main Battle

The Loudon-Glasgow

Glasgow

Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...

Regiment (Earl of Loudon)

The Tweeddale

Tweeddale

Tweeddale is a committee area and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders with a population of 17,394 at the latest census in 2001 it is the second smallest of the 5 committee areas in the Borders. It is the traditional name for the area drained by the upper reaches of the River Tweed...

Regiment (Earl of Buccleugh)

The Kyle and Carrick Regiment (Earl of Cassillis)

The Nithsdale

Nithsdale

Nithsdale , also known by its anglicised gaelic name Strathnith or Stranit, is the valley of the River Nith in Scotland, and the name of the region...

and Annandale Regiment (William Douglas of Kilhead)

Dunfermline's Fifeshire Regiment (Earl of Dunfermline)

The Strathearn

Strathearn

Strathearn or Strath Earn is the strath of the River Earn, in Scotland. It extends from Loch Earn in Perth and Kinross to the River Tay....

Regiment (Loud Coupar)

The Stirlingshire

Stirlingshire

Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling is a registration county of Scotland, based around Stirling, the former county town. It borders Perthshire to the north, Clackmannanshire and West Lothian to the east, Lanarkshire to the south, and Dunbartonshire to the south-west.Until 1975 it was a county...

Regiment (Lord Livingstone)

The Linlithgow

Linlithgow

Linlithgow is a Royal Burgh in West Lothian, Scotland. An ancient town, it lies south of its two most prominent landmarks: Linlithgow Palace and Linlithgow Loch, and north of the Union Canal....

and Tweeddale

Tweeddale

Regiment (The Master of Yester)

Rear (conjectured)

The Angus

Angus

Angus is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City...

Regiment (Viscount Dudhope)

The Minister's Regiment (Sir Arthur Erskine of Scotscraig: 5 companies present)

The Levied Regiment (Lord Sinclair: unbrigaded, 7 companies present)

General of the Ordnance Sir Alexander Hamilton

not all the guns listed below would have been present at the battle

8 brass demi-cannons

1 brass culverin

3 brass quarter-cannons

9 iron demi-culverins

48 brass demi-culverins

Almost all the senior officers of the Scottish army had experience in the Thirty Years' War

Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....

, but most of the ordinary soldiers were quite young and inexperienced. The cavalry used smaller and lighter mounts than English units, which meant they had to be placed in the rear of Cromwell's and Fairfax's horse.

Parliamentarian Army of the Eastern Association

(3000 Horse, 4000 Foot)

Captain General Earl of Manchester

Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester

Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester KG, KB, FRS was an important commander of Parliamentary forces in the First English Civil War, and for a time Oliver Cromwell's superior.-Life:...

Lieutenant General of the Horse Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....

Commissary General Bartholomew Vermuyden

Earl of Manchester's Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Algernon Sidney: 11 troops)

Lieutenant General Cromwell's Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Edward Whalley

Edward Whalley

Edward Whalley was an English military leader during the English Civil War, and was one of the regicides who signed the death warrant of King Charles I of England.-Early career:The exact dates of his birth and death are unknown...

: 14 troops)

Commissary General Bartholomew Vermuyden's Regiment (5 troops)

Charles Fleetwood

Charles Fleetwood was an English Parliamentary soldier and politician, Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1652–55, where he enforced the Cromwellian Settlement. At the Restoration he was included in the Act of Indemnity as among the twenty liable to penalties other than capital, and was finally...

's Regiment (6 troops)

Dragoons

Lieutenant Colonel John Lilburne

John Lilburne

John Lilburne , also known as Freeborn John, was an English political Leveller before, during and after English Civil Wars 1642-1650. He coined the term "freeborn rights", defining them as rights with which every human being is born, as opposed to rights bestowed by government or human law...

(Strength on the day of battle unknown. Manchester's dragoons had been defeated on 1 July at Poppleton

Nether Poppleton

Nether Poppleton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated by the West bank of the River Ouse adjacent to Upper Poppleton, and west of York close to the A59 road from York to Harrogate...

Sergeant-Major General of the Foot Lawrence Crawford

Lawrence Crawford

Lawrence Crawford was a Scottish soldier who fought in English or other armies on the continent of Europe. However, his motives were not mercenary, as he fought only for Presbyterian principles or causes....

Earl of Manchester's Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Clifton: 18 companies)

Major General Crawford's Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel William Hamilton: 8 companies)

Sir Miles Hobart's Regiment (9 companies)

Francis Russell's Regiment (10 companies)

Edward Montagu's Regiment (10 companies)

John Pickering's Regiment (10 companies)

(Russell's, Montagu's and Pickering's regiments were brigaded together. Some of these would have taken heavy casualties at a failed storming of York

Siege of York

The Siege of York in 1644 was a prolonged contest for York during the English Civil War, between the Scottish Covenanter Army and the Parliamentarian Armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association on the one hand, and the Royalist Army under the Marquess of Newcastle on the other...

on 16 June)

This army, raised in the Eastern Counties of England, was probably the best trained and administered at Marston Moor. Although there were religious tensions within the army between the Independents

Independent (religion)

In English church history, Independents advocated local congregational control of religious and church matters, without any wider geographical hierarchy, either ecclesiastical or political...

, championed by Cromwell, and the Presbyterians who were backed by Manchester and Crawford, there was no argument on the day of battle.

Parliamentarian Army of the Northern Association

(2000 Horse, 2000 Foot)

General Lord Fairfax

Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron

Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron , English parliamentary general.-Early life:He was born in Yorkshire the eldest son of Thomas Fairfax, whom Charles I in 1627 created Lord Fairfax of Cameron in the Peerage of Scotland and received a military education in the Netherlands. Two of his...

Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Fairfax

Sergeant-Major General of the Horse John Lambert

John Lambert (general)

John Lambert was an English Parliamentary general and politician. He fought during the English Civil War and then in Oliver Cromwell's Scottish campaign , becoming thereafter active in civilian politics until his dismissal by Cromwell in 1657...

Lord Fairfax

Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron

's Regiment

Sir Thomas Fairfax's Regiment

Charles Fairfax's Regiment

Sir Hugh Bethell's Regiment

John Lambert's Regiment

Lionel Copley's Regiment

Francis Boynton's Regiment

Sir Thomas Norcliff's Regiment

George Dodding's Regiment

Sergeant-Major General of Foot (unknown)

Lord Fairfax's Regiment

John Bright

John Bright (parliamentarian)

Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet , was an English parliamentarian, of Carbrook and Badsworth, Yorkshire.Bright was born in 1619, the third but only surviving son of Stephen Bright and Joan Westby....

's Regiment

Sir William Constable's Regiment

Francis Lascelles

Francis Lascelles was a member of the landed gentry from an old Yorkshire family whose residence was at Stank Hall near Northallerton. During the English Civil War he fought for the Parliamentarians...

's Regiment

Robert Overton

Major-General Robert Overton was prominent soldier and scholar, who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War, and was imprisoned a number of times during the Protectorate and the English Restoration for his strong republican views.-Biography:As positions hardened during the...

's Regiment

Ralph Ashton's Regiment

George Doddington's Regiment

Alexander Rigby

Alexander Rigby was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1650. He was a colonel in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.-Life:...

's Regiment

The list of Colonels and regiments is probably incomplete. It is evident that most regiments were very weak. The troops present at Marston Moor had a high proportion of recent recruits.

Main Royalist Army

(2500 Horse, 7750 Foot, 14 guns)

General Prince Rupert of the Rhine

Prince Rupert of the Rhine

Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, 1st Duke of Cumberland, 1st Earl of Holderness , commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, KG, FRS was a noted soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century...

Lieutenant General Lord Byron

John Byron, 1st Baron Byron

John Byron, 1st Baron Byron was an English Royalist and supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War.-Life:...

Sergeant Major General of Horse Sir John Urry

John Hurry

Sir John Hurry was a Scottish soldier.He was born in Aberdeenshire, and saw military service as a young man in Germany.In 1641 he returned home and became Lieutenant-Colonel in a Scottish regiment. At the end of the same year he was involved in the plot known as the "Incident"...

(changed sides shortly after the battle)

Prince Rupert's Lifeguard (140)

Prince Rupert's Regiment (500)

Lord Byron

Baron Byron

Baron Byron, of Rochdale in the County Palatine of Lancaster, is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1643, by letters patent, for Sir John Byron, a Cavalier general and former Member of Parliament...

's Regiment

Colonel Marcus Trevor's Regiment

Sir John Urry's Regiment

Sir William Vaughan

William Vaughan (royalist)

Sir William Vaughan was an English royalist commander in the First English Civil War. He was killed at the Battle of Rathmines.-Life:...

's Regiment (returned from Ireland)

(Byron's, Trevor's, Urry's and Vaughan's regiments of horse together totalled 1,100)

Lord Molyneaux's Regiment

Sir Thomas Tyldesley's Regiment

Thomas Leveson's Regiment

(Molyneaux's and Tyldesley's regiments were recently raised in Lancashire

Lancashire

Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

. Molyneaux's, Tyldesley's and Leveson's regiments of horse together totalled 800)

Sergeant-Major General of Foot Henry Tillier (captured)

Sir John Girlington's Regiment

Prince Rupert's Regiment

Lord Byron's Regiment

Henry Warren's Regiment

Sir Michael Erneley's Regiment

Richard Gibson's Regiment

(Warren's, Erneley's and Gibson's regiments had returned from Ireland in late 1643 or early 1644, and had suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Nantwich

Battle of Nantwich

The Battle of Nantwich was fought during the First English Civil War, between the forces of Parliament and of King Charles I, northwest of the town of Nantwich in Cheshire on 25 January 1644...

. Erneley's and Gibson's regiments were brigaded together)

Henry Tillier's Regiment

Robert Broughton's Regiment

(Tillier's and Broughton's regiments had returned from Ireland in early 1644).

Sir Thomas Tyldesley's Regiment

Edward Chisenall's Regiment

(Tyldesley's and Chisenall's regiments were recently raised in Lancashire

Lancashire

Henry Cheator's Regiment (raised in Cumberland

Cumberland

Cumberland is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....

, joined Rupert's army at Skipton at the end of June)

14 assorted field guns

The hard core of this army was Rupert's own regiments of horse and foot, and a small army under Lord Byron from Cheshire

Cheshire

Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...

and North Wales

Wales

Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

. To this had been added English

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

regiments recently returned from Ireland, which were said to be full of Puritan sympathisers, and newly raised units from Lancashire

Lancashire

, with other small contingents.

Contingent of "Northern Horse"

(3,500 Horse, 250 foot)

General of Horse George, Lord Goring

George Goring, Lord Goring

George Goring, Lord Goring was an English Royalist soldier. He was known by the courtesy title Lord Goring as the eldest son of the 1st Earl of Norwich.- The Goring family :...

Lieutenant General Sir Charles Lucas (captured)

Commissary General George Porter

George Porter

George Hornidge Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, OM, FRS was a British chemist.- Life :Porter was born in Stainforth, near Thorne, South Yorkshire. He was educated at Thorne Grammar School, then won a scholarship to the University of Leeds and gained his first degree in chemistry...

(captured)

Newcastle's cavalry escaped from York shortly after the start of the siege and moved through Derbyshire to link up with Rupert near Bury

Bury

Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, east of Bolton, west-southwest of Rochdale, and north-northwest of the city of Manchester...

in Lancashire

Lancashire

. The "Northern Horse" already had a reputation for hard fighting but poor discipline. There were too many weak regiments of horse and commanders to list separately; also, it is not certain whether any given regiment was present at Marston Moor, or was elsewhere (with a force under Colonel Clavering, or in various garrisons). At Marston Moor, Newcastle's cavalry were organised as:

Sir Charles Lucas's Brigade (700)

Sir Richard Dacre's Brigade (800) (Dacre was mortally wounded during the battle)

Sir William Blakiston's Brigade (600)

Sir Edward Widdrington's Brigade (400)

Colonel Samuel Tuke's Regiment (200)

Colonel Francis Carnaby's Regiment (200)

Commissary-General George Porter's Troop (50)

Derbyshire contingent

When Goring marched to join Rupert in Lancashire, he picked up a contingent from Derbyshire

Derbyshire

Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains within its boundary of approx...

en route.

John Frescheville's Regiment of Horse (240)

Rowland Eyre's Regiment of Horse (160)

Detachments from Frescheville's, Eyre's and John Millward's Regiments of Foot (220)

Garrison of York (part)

(number of horse unknown, 3,000 Foot)

General Marquess of Newcastle

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne KG KB PC was an English polymath and aristocrat, having been a poet, equestrian, playwright, swordsman, politician, architect, diplomat and soldier...

Lieutenant General Lord Eythin

James King (soldier)

James King, 1st Lord Eythin was a Scottish soldier, who served in the Swedish army, and who later supported King Charles I in the English Civil War....

Sir Thomas Metham's "Troop of Gentleman Volunteers"

Sergeant-Major General Sir Francis Mackworth

As with Goring's horse, Newcastle's infantry were from too many weak regiments to list separately. On the battlefield they were formed into seven "divisions".

Newcastle's army was mostly raised in Northumberland

Northumberland

Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...

and Durham

Durham

Durham is a city in north east England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county...

and had already endured a siege of ten weeks, with some hard fighting. Three other regiments (of Sir Thomas Glemham, Sir John Belasyse and Sir Henry Slingsby), totalling 1000 men, were left to hold York.

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