Martin Haug
Encyclopedia
Martin Haug was a German
orientalist
.
(today a part of Balingen
), Württemberg
. He became a pupil in the gymnasium at Stuttgart
at a comparatively late age, and in 1848 he entered the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, where he studied oriental languages, especially Sanskrit
. He afterwards attended lectures in at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, and in 1854 settled as Privatdozent
at the University of Bonn
. In 1856 he moved to the University of Heidelberg, where he assisted Bunsen in his literary undertakings.
In 1859 he accepted an invitation to India
, where he became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit in Poona. Here his acquaintance with the Zend language and literature afforded him excellent opportunities for extending his knowledge of this branch of literature. Having returned to Stuttgart in 1866, he was called to Munich
as professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology in 1868.
, greatly enriched from the posthumous papers of the author, appeared in 1878.
Haug published a number of other works of considerable importance to the student of the literatures of ancient India
and Persia
. They include:
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
orientalist
Oriental studies
Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology; in recent years the subject has often been turned into the newer terms of Asian studies and Middle Eastern studies...
.
Biography
Haug was born at OstdorfOstdorf
Ostdorf is a Swabian village within the city limits of Balingen, Germany. Originally a village of its own, Ostdorf and Balingen have grown towards each other since the close of World War II. Finally, in 1971 Ostdorf was included to Balingen as a suburb...
(today a part of Balingen
Balingen
Balingen is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located nearby the Swabian Alb, approx. 35 km to the south of Tübingen, 35 km northeast of Villingen-Schwenningen, and 60 km southwest of Stuttgart.It is home to the Bizerba and Ideal...
), Württemberg
Württemberg
Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
. He became a pupil in the gymnasium at Stuttgart
Stuttgart
Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....
at a comparatively late age, and in 1848 he entered the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, where he studied oriental languages, especially Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
. He afterwards attended lectures in at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, and in 1854 settled as Privatdozent
Privatdozent
Privatdozent or Private lecturer is a title conferred in some European university systems, especially in German-speaking countries, for someone who pursues an academic career and holds all formal qualifications to become a tenured university professor...
at the University of Bonn
University of Bonn
The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in its present form in 1818, as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers a large number...
. In 1856 he moved to the University of Heidelberg, where he assisted Bunsen in his literary undertakings.
In 1859 he accepted an invitation to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, where he became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit in Poona. Here his acquaintance with the Zend language and literature afforded him excellent opportunities for extending his knowledge of this branch of literature. Having returned to Stuttgart in 1866, he was called to Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
as professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology in 1868.
Works
The result of his researches in Poona was the volume Essays on the sacred language, writings and religion of the Parsees (Bombay, 1862), of which a new edition, by E. W. WestEdward William West
Edward William West , usually styled E. W. West, was a scholarly English engineer, orientalist, and translator of Zoroastrian texts. He was educated at King's College London. He prepared five volumes of Pahlavi texts for Prof. Max Müller's monumental Sacred Books of the East series, published from...
, greatly enriched from the posthumous papers of the author, appeared in 1878.
Haug published a number of other works of considerable importance to the student of the literatures of ancient India
Indian literature
Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognized languages....
and Persia
Persian literature
Persian literature spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language...
. They include:
- Die Pehlewisprache und der Bundehesch (1854)
- Die Schrift und Sprache der zweiten Keilschriftgattung (1855)
- Die fünf Gathas, edited, translated and expounded (1858–1860)
- an edition, with translation and explanation, of the Aitareya Brahnsana of the RigvedaRigvedaThe Rigveda is an ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns...
(Bombay, 1863), which is accounted his best work in the province of ancient Indian literature - A Lecture on an original Speech of ZoroasterZoroasterZoroaster , also known as Zarathustra , was a prophet and the founder of Zoroastrianism who was either born in North Western or Eastern Iran. He is credited with the authorship of the Yasna Haptanghaiti as well as the Gathas, hymns which are at the liturgical core of Zoroastrianism...
(1865) - An old Zend-Pahlavi Glossery (1867)
- Über den Charakter der Pehlewisprache (1869)
- Das 18. Kapitel des Wendidad (1869)
- Über das Ardai-Virafnameh (1870)
- An old Pahlavi-Pazand GlossaryFrahang-i PahlavigFrahang-i Pahlavig is a dictionary of Aramaic language ideograms with Middle Persian translations and transliterations...
(1870) - Vedische Rätselfragen und Rätselsprüche (1875)