Martin Taylor
Encyclopedia
Martin Taylor, MBE
(born 20 October 1956) is a British jazz
guitarist who has performed in groups, guitar ensembles and as an accompanist to many of the world’s most famous musicians. However, it is for his solo fingerstyle performances, in which he provides bass and chordal accompaniment in addition to a melody, that he is most renowned.
, Essex
, in 1956 into a family with a musical heritage and a gypsy/traveller tradition, although he did not strictly lead the traditional gypsy lifestyle. At the age of four he received his first guitar from his father, bassist William ‘Buck’ Taylor. His father frequently played the music of the Quintette du Hot Club de France and Taylor became inspired by their legendary guitarist Django Reinhardt. At age 8 he was playing regularly in his father’s band and at 15 he quit school intent on becoming a professional musician.
Over the next few years Taylor played in numerous bands, in holiday camps, various radio dates and on cruise ships (one cruise lead to the personal highlight of jamming with the Count Basie
orchestra). Performing dates in and around London soon brought him into contact with fellow jazz guitarist Ike Isaacs
who took the younger man under his wing. In addition to performing with Taylor as a duet, Isaacs helped develop his sense of jazz harmony and started him on the road to developing his unique fingerstyle technique.
Taylor puts his musical talent down to beginning to learn guitar at an early age, playing frequently and also having many musicians on his father's side of the family.
, erstwhile violinist in Quintette du Hot Club de France with Django Reinhardt
. When one of Grappelli’s regular band members sustained an injury, Taylor was invited to deputise for a few European dates. Suitably impressed, Grappelli invited him to join his band full-time. He accepted and performed and recorded with the Frenchman for the next eleven years, occupying the position once held by his idol Reinhardt.
His success with Grappelli allowed him more freedom in his career. He reduced some of his commitments and relocated to Scotland where he still lives (this explains why he is sometimes referred to as Scottish). Another benefit of his Grappelli association was that he began to tour North America regularly, allowing him to reach a new audience and to build new relations. He came to know musicians such as Chet Atkins
and David Grisman
, with whom he would both record, while another contact financed the production of an album, Sarabanda. The album received substantial airplay but financial difficulties at the record label prevented any major success.
This success was tempered by a difficult period in the mid 80s stemming from Grappelli suffering a heart attack. Although the Frenchman would go on to make a full recovery, it was some time before he would be able to tour again. Taylor found it difficult to replace the Grappelli gig with other work and fell into a period of financial hardship, being forced to sell his guitars to survive. He became disenchanted with music and his guitars went virtually untouched for almost a year. He finally agreed a price for his one remaining guitar, a gift from mentor Isaacs, but, on the way to close the deal he pulled his car over to allow himself a final play of the instrument and suddenly found his passion for playing re-ignited. The deal was called off and this incident proved to be the catalyst in the next stage of his career.
) and some recorded as a modern jazz quartet (Don’t Fret). The relative success of these albums, and his concert dates, raised his profile in the guitar community as his peers became interested in his unique style.
and the Hot Club which he named Spirit of Django. He recorded and toured successfully with this band while continuing his solo commitments. At the end of the decade he signed for Sony, releasing two albums Kiss and Tell and Nitelife. After Sony he was signed to record company P3 music with whom he has released the acclaimed 'Solo', and 'The Valley' which features guest appearances by Bryn Terfel
, Sacha Distel
and Simon Dinnigan. Recently he has appeared with a few ensemble groups including the 4 Martins (with Martin Simpson
, Martin Carthy
and Juan Martin
), Guitars 3 (with Neil Stacey and Martin Simpson
) and Le Nouveau Trio Gitan (with Christian Escoude
and David Reinhardt, grandson of Django). He has also worked with Bill Wyman
’s Rhythm Kings
and composer Karl Jenkins
. His most recent project, Freternity, is a group including trumpeter Guy Barker
, pianist David Newton
and singer Alison Burns, who is also a regular guest at some of his solo gigs.
In 2010 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Django Reinhardt's birth Spirit of Django reformed and released the Last Train To Hauteville album.
Other notable artists that he has collaborated with include George Harrison
, Elkie Brooks
, Dionne Warwick
, Didier Lockwood
, Sacha Distel
, Steve Howe
, Jeff Beck
, Yehudi Menuhin
, Jamie Cullum
and Claire Martin
.
In 2010 he launched the Martin Taylor Guitar Academy, a revolutionary online guitar school.
and Bill Evans
are major influences and this can clearly be heard in his playing. Guitarist Lenny Breau
was also an important influence on adapting piano to guitar. He has often stated his admiration for the humour found in Tatum's playing and some of his arrangements, e.g. 'Old Man River', are deliberately written in the same 'tongue in cheek' style.
Taylor's set lists largely include songs from the 'Great American Songbook
' and his own compositions. His arrangements and compositions are often influenced by composers like Nelson Riddle
and Duke Ellington
and, as such, include many moving lines to fill in the spaces, e.g. walking basslines, syncopated chordal 'stabs' (to emulate horn sections), and complex jazz harmony. All this is achieved without compromising the melody which he considers the most important element in any arrangement.
, honorary doctorate awarded by Paisley University, Scotland, and in 2002 he was appointed a Member of the British Empire (MBE) for services to jazz. In 2007 he was awarded the 'Heart of Jazz' award by BBC Radio for services to jazz.
In 1999 Martin founded an International Guitar festival which is held over three days in the village of Kirkmichael, near his home in Ayrshire. The festival includes concerts, recitals and tutorials from some of the world’s best guitarists and emerging talents. The money raised is used to fund a Guitar for Schools program, a charity which provides equipment and tuition for local schools.
In 2010 Martin founded the Martin Taylor Guitar academy online. www.martintaylorguitar.com
In 2010 he was awarded a Doctorate of Music (Honoris Causus) of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama.
Whilst playing with Grappelli he used a WG Barker which was given to him by Ike Isaacs.
Throughout the '90s he played a Yamaha AEX1500 which he also helped to develop.
He uses AER amps and Elixir Strings
, gauged 13-56 exclusively.
He uses "T-Rex Room Mate" reverb unit and "L.R. Baggs Para Acoustic D.I." equalization unit
MBE
MBE can stand for:* Mail Boxes Etc.* Management by exception* Master of Bioethics* Master of Bioscience Enterprise* Master of Business Engineering* Master of Business Economics* Mean Biased Error...
(born 20 October 1956) is a British jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
guitarist who has performed in groups, guitar ensembles and as an accompanist to many of the world’s most famous musicians. However, it is for his solo fingerstyle performances, in which he provides bass and chordal accompaniment in addition to a melody, that he is most renowned.
Early life
Taylor was born in HarlowHarlow
Harlow is a new town and local government district in Essex, England. It is located in the west of the county and on the border with Hertfordshire, on the Stort Valley, The town is near the M11 motorway and forms part of the London commuter belt.The district has a current population of 78,889...
, Essex
Essex
Essex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west...
, in 1956 into a family with a musical heritage and a gypsy/traveller tradition, although he did not strictly lead the traditional gypsy lifestyle. At the age of four he received his first guitar from his father, bassist William ‘Buck’ Taylor. His father frequently played the music of the Quintette du Hot Club de France and Taylor became inspired by their legendary guitarist Django Reinhardt. At age 8 he was playing regularly in his father’s band and at 15 he quit school intent on becoming a professional musician.
Over the next few years Taylor played in numerous bands, in holiday camps, various radio dates and on cruise ships (one cruise lead to the personal highlight of jamming with the Count Basie
Count Basie
William "Count" Basie was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. Basie led his jazz orchestra almost continuously for nearly 50 years...
orchestra). Performing dates in and around London soon brought him into contact with fellow jazz guitarist Ike Isaacs
Ike Isaacs
Ike Isaacs may refer to:* Ike Isaacs , Burmese-British jazz guitarist* Ike Isaacs , American jazz bassist...
who took the younger man under his wing. In addition to performing with Taylor as a duet, Isaacs helped develop his sense of jazz harmony and started him on the road to developing his unique fingerstyle technique.
Taylor puts his musical talent down to beginning to learn guitar at an early age, playing frequently and also having many musicians on his father's side of the family.
The Grappelli years
It was through Isaacs that Taylor was introduced to Stephane GrappelliStéphane Grappelli
Stéphane Grappelli was a French jazz violinist who founded the Quintette du Hot Club de France with guitarist Django Reinhardt in 1934. It was one of the first all-string jazz bands....
, erstwhile violinist in Quintette du Hot Club de France with Django Reinhardt
Django Reinhardt
Django Reinhardt was a pioneering virtuoso jazz guitarist and composer who invented an entirely new style of jazz guitar technique that has since become a living musical tradition within French gypsy culture...
. When one of Grappelli’s regular band members sustained an injury, Taylor was invited to deputise for a few European dates. Suitably impressed, Grappelli invited him to join his band full-time. He accepted and performed and recorded with the Frenchman for the next eleven years, occupying the position once held by his idol Reinhardt.
His success with Grappelli allowed him more freedom in his career. He reduced some of his commitments and relocated to Scotland where he still lives (this explains why he is sometimes referred to as Scottish). Another benefit of his Grappelli association was that he began to tour North America regularly, allowing him to reach a new audience and to build new relations. He came to know musicians such as Chet Atkins
Chet Atkins
Chester Burton Atkins , known as Chet Atkins, was an American guitarist and record producer who, along with Owen Bradley, created the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound, which expanded country's appeal to adult pop music fans as well.Atkins's picking style, inspired by Merle...
and David Grisman
David Grisman
David Grisman is an American bluegrass/newgrass mandolinist and composer of acoustic music. In the early 1990s, he started the Acoustic Disc record label in an effort to preserve and spread acoustic or instrumental music.-Biography:Grisman grew up in Hackensack, New Jersey...
, with whom he would both record, while another contact financed the production of an album, Sarabanda. The album received substantial airplay but financial difficulties at the record label prevented any major success.
This success was tempered by a difficult period in the mid 80s stemming from Grappelli suffering a heart attack. Although the Frenchman would go on to make a full recovery, it was some time before he would be able to tour again. Taylor found it difficult to replace the Grappelli gig with other work and fell into a period of financial hardship, being forced to sell his guitars to survive. He became disenchanted with music and his guitars went virtually untouched for almost a year. He finally agreed a price for his one remaining guitar, a gift from mentor Isaacs, but, on the way to close the deal he pulled his car over to allow himself a final play of the instrument and suddenly found his passion for playing re-ignited. The deal was called off and this incident proved to be the catalyst in the next stage of his career.
Going solo
Keen to avoid having to rely on other musicians for income, Taylor took a gamble and started to perform as a solo act. His individual style and engaging stage personality paid off and the gigs proved successful. After a few years he stopped touring with Grappelli and, aided by a recording contract with Scottish label Linn Records, he concentrated on his solo career. Primarily a manufacturer of high-end audio equipment, Linn felt that Taylor’s intimate and intricate style and unique tone would ably demonstrate the quality of their equipment. Some of these Linn recordings are solo (Artistry and Portraits which featured Chet AtkinsChet Atkins
Chester Burton Atkins , known as Chet Atkins, was an American guitarist and record producer who, along with Owen Bradley, created the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound, which expanded country's appeal to adult pop music fans as well.Atkins's picking style, inspired by Merle...
) and some recorded as a modern jazz quartet (Don’t Fret). The relative success of these albums, and his concert dates, raised his profile in the guitar community as his peers became interested in his unique style.
Spirit of Django and other Associations
Around the mid-90s Taylor started a band inspired by the music of Django ReinhardtDjango Reinhardt
Django Reinhardt was a pioneering virtuoso jazz guitarist and composer who invented an entirely new style of jazz guitar technique that has since become a living musical tradition within French gypsy culture...
and the Hot Club which he named Spirit of Django. He recorded and toured successfully with this band while continuing his solo commitments. At the end of the decade he signed for Sony, releasing two albums Kiss and Tell and Nitelife. After Sony he was signed to record company P3 music with whom he has released the acclaimed 'Solo', and 'The Valley' which features guest appearances by Bryn Terfel
Bryn Terfel
Bryn Terfel Jones CBE is a Welsh bass-baritone opera and concert singer. Terfel was initially associated with the roles of Mozart, particularly Figaro and Leporello, but has subsequently shifted his attention to heavier roles, especially those by Wagner....
, Sacha Distel
Sacha Distel
Sacha Distel was a French singer and guitarist who had hits with a cover version of the Academy Award-winning "Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head" , "Scoubidou", and "The Good Life". He was born in Paris.-Career:Sacha Distel, born Alexandre Distel, was a son of Russian White émigré Leonid Distel...
and Simon Dinnigan. Recently he has appeared with a few ensemble groups including the 4 Martins (with Martin Simpson
Martin Simpson
Martin Simpson is an English folk singer, guitarist and songwriter. His music reflects a wide variety of influences and styles, rooted in the British Isles, America and beyond.-Biography:...
, Martin Carthy
Martin Carthy
Martin Carthy MBE is an English folk singer and guitarist who has remained one of the most influential figures in British traditional music, inspiring contemporaries such as Bob Dylan and Paul Simon and later artists such as Richard Thompson since he emerged as a young musician in the early days...
and Juan Martin
Juan Martín
Juan Cristóbal Martín is a Spanish flamenco guitarist and an author of flamenco guitar method books.-Career:Martín started learning the guitar at the age of six. In his early twenties he moved to Madrid to study under Niño Ricardo and Paco de Lucía. He played in clubs in Málaga, Seville and...
), Guitars 3 (with Neil Stacey and Martin Simpson
Martin Simpson
Martin Simpson is an English folk singer, guitarist and songwriter. His music reflects a wide variety of influences and styles, rooted in the British Isles, America and beyond.-Biography:...
) and Le Nouveau Trio Gitan (with Christian Escoude
Christian Escoudé
Christian Escoudé is a jazz guitarist from France. He grew up in Angoulême and is of Romani people descent on his father's side. His father was a guitarist too and influenced by Django Reinhardt. Christian became a musician at 15 and starting in 1972 he worked in a trio with Aldo Romano. By the...
and David Reinhardt, grandson of Django). He has also worked with Bill Wyman
Bill Wyman
Bill Wyman is an English musician best known as the bass guitarist for the English rock and roll band the Rolling Stones from 1962 until 1992. Since 1997, he has recorded and toured with his own band, Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings...
’s Rhythm Kings
Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings
Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings are a blues-rock band founded and led by former Rolling Stones bass guitarist Bill Wyman. Together with his lifelong musical partner Terry Taylor, The "Dirty Boys" duo produce, arrange and compose original material for the award winning band.The Rhythm Kings are known for...
and composer Karl Jenkins
Karl Jenkins
-Other works:*Adiemus: Live — live versions of Adiemus music*Palladio *Eloise *Imagined Oceans *The Armed Man: A Mass for Peace...
. His most recent project, Freternity, is a group including trumpeter Guy Barker
Guy Barker
Guy Barker is an English jazz trumpeter and composer. Barker was born in Chiswick, London, the son of an actress and a stuntman. He started playing the trumpet at the age of twelve, and within a year had joined the National Youth Jazz Orchestra...
, pianist David Newton
David Newton (pianist)
David Newton is a Scottish jazz pianist and composer.His collaborations include Stacey Kent, Martin Taylor and Carol Kidd.-Discography:* Eyewitness with Dave Green, Allan Ganley...
and singer Alison Burns, who is also a regular guest at some of his solo gigs.
In 2010 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Django Reinhardt's birth Spirit of Django reformed and released the Last Train To Hauteville album.
Other notable artists that he has collaborated with include George Harrison
George Harrison
George Harrison, MBE was an English musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, actor and film producer who achieved international fame as lead guitarist of The Beatles. Often referred to as "the quiet Beatle", Harrison became over time an admirer of Indian mysticism, and introduced it to the other...
, Elkie Brooks
Elkie Brooks
Elkie Brooks is an English singer, formerly a vocalist with Vinegar Joe, and later a solo artist. Elkie has been nominated twice for Brit Awards' top female singer. She is known for her powerful husky voice...
, Dionne Warwick
Dionne Warwick
Dionne Warwick is an American singer, actress and TV show host, who became a United Nations Global Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization, and a United States Ambassador of Health....
, Didier Lockwood
Didier Lockwood
Didier Lockwood is a French jazz violinist. He played in the progressive rock/jazz fusion band Magma in the 1970s and is known for his use of electric amplification and experimentation on different sounds on the electric violin....
, Sacha Distel
Sacha Distel
Sacha Distel was a French singer and guitarist who had hits with a cover version of the Academy Award-winning "Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head" , "Scoubidou", and "The Good Life". He was born in Paris.-Career:Sacha Distel, born Alexandre Distel, was a son of Russian White émigré Leonid Distel...
, Steve Howe
Steve Howe
Steve Howe is the name of:*Steve Howe , progressive rock guitarist*Steve Howe , former major league pitcher...
, Jeff Beck
Jeff Beck
Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck is an English rock guitarist. He is one of three noted guitarists to have played with The Yardbirds...
, Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE was a Russian Jewish American violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. He was born to Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985...
, Jamie Cullum
Jamie Cullum
Jamie Cullum is an English pop and jazz-pop singer-songwriter. Though he is primarily a vocalist/pianist he also accompanies himself on other instruments including guitar and drums. Since April 2010, he has been presenting a weekly jazz show on BBC Radio 2, broadcast on Tuesdays from 19:00.- Early...
and Claire Martin
Claire Martin (singer)
Claire Martin, OBE is an English jazz singer, born in Wimbledon, South London, England.Claire Martin grew up in a house "full of music", and claims to have learned all of Judy Garland´s songs by the time she was 12...
.
In 2010 he launched the Martin Taylor Guitar Academy, a revolutionary online guitar school.
Influences
His earliest influence was gypsy jazz legend Django Reinhardt from the Hot Club of Paris. Other influences include mentor Ike Isaacs, Ted Greene, Kenny Burrell, Wes Montgomery and Joe Pass. Although Taylor is inspired by many guitarists, musically he relates more to pianists. His philosophy is that the guitar should, like the piano, be a complete instrument able to provide bass, harmony and melody. Art TatumArt Tatum
Arthur "Art" Tatum, Jr. was an American jazz pianist and virtuoso who played with phenomenal facility despite being nearly blind.Tatum is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time...
and Bill Evans
Bill Evans
William John Evans, known as Bill Evans was an American jazz pianist. His use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, and trademark rhythmically independent, "singing" melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists including: Chick Corea, Herbie...
are major influences and this can clearly be heard in his playing. Guitarist Lenny Breau
Lenny Breau
Leonard Harold "Lenny" Breau was a musician, guitar player, and music educator. He was known for blending many styles of music including: jazz, country, classical and flamenco guitar...
was also an important influence on adapting piano to guitar. He has often stated his admiration for the humour found in Tatum's playing and some of his arrangements, e.g. 'Old Man River', are deliberately written in the same 'tongue in cheek' style.
Taylor's set lists largely include songs from the 'Great American Songbook
Great American Songbook
The Great American Songbook is a hypothetical construct that seeks to represent the best American songs of the 20th century principally from Broadway theatre, musical theatre, and Hollywood musicals, from the 1920s to 1960, including dozens of songs of enduring popularity...
' and his own compositions. His arrangements and compositions are often influenced by composers like Nelson Riddle
Nelson Riddle
Nelson Smock Riddle, Jr. was an American arranger, composer, bandleader and orchestrator whose career stretched from the late 1940s to the mid 1980s...
and Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions...
and, as such, include many moving lines to fill in the spaces, e.g. walking basslines, syncopated chordal 'stabs' (to emulate horn sections), and complex jazz harmony. All this is achieved without compromising the melody which he considers the most important element in any arrangement.
Style
From a technical standpoint Taylor’s most distinguishing feature is his ability to syncopate rapid bass lines with the melody, often incorporating thumb upstrokes on the bass strings to give a distinct rhythmic quality to his playing, Combined with a unique tone and occasional use of harmonics, his playing is instantly recognisable. His arrangement of Gershwin’s ‘I Got Rhythm’, with its lightning fast double-time walking bass line, is probably the best example of all these qualities on a single recording.Awards and achievements
Some of his other achievements include a British Academy of Composers & Songwriters 'Gold Badge of Merit', eleven-time winner of Best guitarist at the British Jazz awards, Freeman of the City of LondonCity of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
, honorary doctorate awarded by Paisley University, Scotland, and in 2002 he was appointed a Member of the British Empire (MBE) for services to jazz. In 2007 he was awarded the 'Heart of Jazz' award by BBC Radio for services to jazz.
In 1999 Martin founded an International Guitar festival which is held over three days in the village of Kirkmichael, near his home in Ayrshire. The festival includes concerts, recitals and tutorials from some of the world’s best guitarists and emerging talents. The money raised is used to fund a Guitar for Schools program, a charity which provides equipment and tuition for local schools.
In 2010 Martin founded the Martin Taylor Guitar academy online. www.martintaylorguitar.com
In 2010 he was awarded a Doctorate of Music (Honoris Causus) of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama.
Equipment
Martin Taylor mostly plays guitars built by Scottish-based luthier Mike Vanden. His main guitar is the 'Martin Taylor Artistry' archtop with another, nylon-stringed, archtop used for Spirit of Django.Whilst playing with Grappelli he used a WG Barker which was given to him by Ike Isaacs.
Throughout the '90s he played a Yamaha AEX1500 which he also helped to develop.
He uses AER amps and Elixir Strings
Elixir Strings
Elixir Strings, manufactured by W. L. Gore & Associates, are strings for electric, acoustic, and bass guitars as well as banjo and mandolin. Elixir strings are noted for their patented coating that extends the strings' life and tone by blocking damage from elements like skin oil; however, they are...
, gauged 13-56 exclusively.
He uses "T-Rex Room Mate" reverb unit and "L.R. Baggs Para Acoustic D.I." equalization unit
Selected discography
- 1981 Skye Boat
- 1985 Acoustic Guitar Duets (with Louis Stewart)
- 1987 Sarabanda
- 1990 Don't Fret
- 1991 Change of Heart
- 1992 Artistry
- 1993 Reunion (with special guest Stephane Grappelli)
- 1994 Spirit of Django (as Martin Taylor's Spirit of Django)
- 1995 Portraits (with Chet Atkins)
- 1996 Years Apart (as Martin Taylor's Spirit of Django)
- 1996 Masterpiece Guitars: The Guitars of The Chinery Collection. This colloboration with Steve Howe was commissioned by collector of vintage guitars Scott Chinery and featured 75 unique guitars, basses, mandolins, banjoes, and ukuleles, some dating back to the mid-19th century.
- 1997 Two's Company (with various special guests)
- 1997 Gypsy [live in UK in 1997] (as Martin Taylor's Spirit of Django)
- 1999 Kiss & Tell
- 2000 In Concert [live/solo from Pittsburgh, P.A. in 1997] (also available on DVD)
- 2000 Stepping Stones (sampler compilation by Linn Records)
- 2001 Nitelife
- 2002 Solo
- 2004 Sketches: A Tribute to Art Tatum (originally recorded in 1984/1978)
- 2004 The Valley
- 2007 Freternity (also available on DVD)
- 2008 1 a.m. (duet album with Alison Burns on vocals)
- 2008 Double Standards
- 2010 Last Train To Hauteville (as Martin Taylor's Spirit of Django)